Olive oil and components might have a beneficial effect on Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to assess whether those effects are related to hydroxytyrosol or ...oleic acid contents, or the combination of them as olive oil, and how powerful is this effect.
A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE via Pubmed, Web of Science (WOS) core collection, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) via LILACS and IBECS (Spain). MeSH terms used were “obesity”, “body weight”, “body mass index”, “adipose tissue”, “lipid metabolism”, “LDL”, “HDL”, “VLDL”, “insulin resistance”, “glucose”, “insulin”, “hypertension”, “arterial pressure”, “olive oil”, “oleic acid”, and other (non-MeSH) terms: “total antioxidant capacity”, “total antioxidant status”, “hydroxytyrosol” (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021247614). Results of the included studies were meta-analyzed with the RevMan 5.3 program, assuming a random effects model.
76 articles (67 different trials) were identified. Hydroxytyrosol had no effect on MetS combined standardized mean differences (SMD) = 0.01 (CI 95%: -0.23, 0.25, I2 = 83%; p = 0.920). Oleic acid had no significant beneficial effect on MetS SMD = 0.03 (CI 95%: -0.01, 0.07, I2 = 0%); p = 0.150, but it improved lipid profile SMD = 0.06 (CI 95%: -0.00, 0.12, I2 = 0%); p = 0. 050. Olive oil had no effect on MetS SMD = −0.01 (CI 95%: -0.05, 0.03), I2 = 55%; p = 0.550). The supplementation with hydroxytyrosol, oleic acid or olive oil showed a beneficial effect on antioxidant capacity related to components of MetS SMD = 0.31 (CI 95%: -0.34, 0.95, I2 = 81%); p = 0.35).
Most articles compared olive oil and oleic acid with other strategies specially designed for MetS management. Our findings suggest that olive oil or oleic acid consumption are as good as the other strategies to manage MetS.
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•Effects of hydroxytyrosol/oleic acid/olive oil on metabolic syndrome were assessed.•Olive oil/oleic acid consumption is as good as other strategy for MetS management.•The available evidence does not allow conclusions on hydroxytyrosol.
The benefits of the Mediterranean diet for protecting against many diseases are usually attributed to high consumption of certain foods, characterized by the presence of bioactive substances such as ...polyphenols. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as arthritis, allergies or neurodegenerative disorders. Dietary polyphenols constitute a large family of bioactive substances with potential beneficial effects against a broad group of diseases. Citrus fruits and juices are a rich source of vitamin C and flavonoids, with a potential effect on the inflammatory response.
The aim was to evidence the potential anti-inflammatory effects of the flavonoids hesperidin for its possible therapeutic application against diverse pathologies.
In the present review, available literature about the anti-inflammatory effects of hesperidin is reported and discussed. Moreover, we also discuss the chemistry, bioavailability and proposed mechanisms of action of hesperidin.
Hesperidin is a flavonoid present in high concentration in citrus species and has numerous biological properties, principally antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Several studies have been performed in order to evaluate the effects of hesperidin as anti-inflammatory agent using cellular and animal models and few clinical trials. Hesperidin treatment decreased inflammatory mediators and exerted significant antioxidant effects. The molecular basis for its anti-inflammatory effects seems to be mediated by signalling pathways especially the nuclear factor κβ pathway.
Although hesperidin evidenced anti-inflammatory effects, the specific mechanism of action is not completely known and additional studies are required for elucidation of the molecular targets.
The aim was to assess inflammatory markers among adults and adolescents in relation to the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A random sample (219 males and 379 females) of the Balearic Islands ...population (12-65 years) was anthropometrically measured and provided a blood sample to determine biomarkers of inflammation. Dietary habits were assessed and the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern calculated. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased with age in both sexes. The adherence to the Mediterranean diet in adolescent males was 51.3% and 45.7% in adults, whereas in females 53.1% and 44.3%, respectively. In males, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with higher levels of adiponectin and lower levels of leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in adults, but not in young subjects. In females, higher adherence was associated with lower levels of leptin in the young group, PAI-1 in adults and hs-CRP in both groups. With increasing age in both sexes, metabolic syndrome increases, but the adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreases. Low adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) is directly associated with a worse profile of plasmatic inflammation markers.
To review the impact of folic acid fortification of flour on the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTD).
Systematic review of the literature on MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, OvidSP and LILACS (Latin ...American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature) reporting the impact of folic acid fortification of flour on the prevalence of NTD in 2000-2011. Focusing on Santiago of Chile's birth defects registry (1999-2009) and the monitoring of flour fortification, we analysed the prevalence (NTD cases/10 000 births) pre and post flour fortification and the percentile distribution of folic acid content in flour (2005-2009). We explored the potential association between median folic acid in flour (mg/kg) and the prevalence of NTD.
Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Iran, Jordan, South Africa and the USA.
Live births and stillbirths.
Twenty-seven studies that met inclusion criteria were evaluated. Costa Rica showed a significant reduction in NTD (∼60 %). Prevalence in Chile decreased from 18·6 to 7·3/10 000 births from 1999 to 2007 and showed a slight increase to 8·5 in 2008-2009, possibly due to changes in fortification limits. When we related the prevalence of NTD with levels of flour fortification, the lowest prevalence was observed at a folic acid level of 1·5 mg/kg.
Fortification of flour with folic acid has had a major impact on NTD in all countries where this has been reported. Chile showed a 55 % reduction in NTD prevalence between 1999 and 2009. There is a need to constantly monitor the levels of flour fortification to maximize benefits and prevent the potential risk of folic acid excess, moreover to be vigilant for any new adverse effects associated with excess.
Antioxidant supplementation has become a common practice among athletes to theoretically achieve a reduction in oxidative stress, promote recovery and improve performance.
To assess the effect of ...antioxidant supplements on exercise.
A systematic literature search was performed up to January 2019 in MEDLINE via EBSCO and Pubmed, and in Web of Sciences based on the following terms: "antioxidants" Major AND "exercise" AND "adaptation"; "antioxidant supplement" AND "(exercise or physical activity)" AND "(adaptation or adjustment)" MesH. Thirty-six articles were finally included.
Exhaustive exercise induces an antioxidant response in neutrophils through an increase in antioxidant enzymes, and antioxidant low-level supplementation does not block this adaptive cellular response. Supplementation with antioxidants appears to decrease oxidative damage blocking cell-signaling pathways associated with muscle hypertrophy. However, upregulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes after resistance training is blocked by exogenous antioxidant supplementation. Supplementation with antioxidants does not affect the performance improvement induced by resistance exercise. The effects of antioxidant supplementation on physical performance and redox status may vary depending on baseline levels.
The antioxidant response to exercise has two components: At the time of stress and adaptation through genetic modulation processes in front of persistent pro-oxidant situation. Acute administration of antioxidants immediately before or during an exercise session can have beneficial effects, such as a delay in the onset of fatigue and a reduction in the recovery period. Chronic administration of antioxidant supplements may impair exercise adaptations, and is only beneficial in subjects with low basal levels of antioxidants.
The aim was the assessment of the polyphenol estimated intake and dietary sources among older adults from Mallorca Island. The study was carried out (2013-2014) in 211 participants dwelling women (n ...= 112) and men (n = 99). Polyphenol intake was calculated from two non-consecutive 24-h recall diets using the Polyphenol Explorer. The mean daily intake of polyphenol was 332.7 mg/d (SD: 237.9; median: 299 mg/d). Highest polyphenol intake was observed among females, 64-67 y.o. people, higher income and educational level, alcohol consumers, and physically active people. Most polyphenols consumed were flavonoids, and among them the major subclass was flavanols. Alcoholic beverages were the major contributors to the total polyphenol intake (118.3 mg/d, SD: 127.5), and red wine contributed 17.7% of total polyphenols consumed. Polyphenol intake was highest among alcohol drinkers, high educational level, high income, and physical active people. Flavonoids were the highest ingested polyphenols. Alcoholic beverages were the major contributors to the total polyphenol intake, mainly red wine.
The objective of this review was to provide an up-to-date review of trials that include behavioral intervention on the eating habits of children and adolescents at risk of poverty, applying ...meta-analysis to estimate the size of the intervention effect. A systematic literature search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE via Pubmed and via EBSCOhost, LILACS and IBECS via VHL. The MeSH terms were used: "social class", "poverty", "diet", "health promotion" (PROSPERO ID: 183900). A total of 14 articles were finally included in this systematic review. The primary results of the included studies were meta-analyzed with the RevMan 5.3 program, assuming a random effects model. Analysis of the overall effect showed combined standardized mean differences (SMD) of 0.16 (CI 95%: 0.03, 0.30, I
= 76%). The
-value for the Z statistic was 0.02, which reflects accuracy in the effect estimation. When establishing subgroups based on the intervention tracking time points, studies that provided longer-term follow-up data showed a combined SMD of 0.15 (CI 95%: -0.02, 0.32, I
= 81%). Small effects of behavioral interventions were found to promote healthy eating habits, but better effects were shown in cases where the invention was followed up in the long term.
Pork lard (PL) is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory agent. We propose to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of PL, and elucidate which compounds could be responsible for the ...anti-inflammatory effects.
The anti-inflammatory effects of PL were tested in a rat model of zymosan-induced hind paw inflammation. Further, the hydroalcoholic extract from PL was obtained, the composition analyzed, and the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and isolated components assayed using immune cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Applying the ointment on the inflamed rat feet reduced the foot diameter, foot weight, and activities of antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory markers of circulating neutrophils. The main components of the hydroalcoholic extract were 5-dodecanolide, oleamide, hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, hexadecanamide, and resolvin D1.
PL reduces the immune response in an animal model stimulated with zymosan. Hydroalcoholic PL extract and its components (5-Dodecanolide, Oleamide, and Resolvin D1) exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated neutrophils and peripheral mononuclear cells reducing the capability to produce TNFα, as well as the activities of antioxidant and pro-inflammatory enzymes. These effects are attributable to 5-dodecanolide, although the effects of this compound alone do not reach the magnitude of the anti-inflammatory effects observed by the complete hydroalcoholic extract.
Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the developed countries. Dyslipidaemia is one of the risk factors associated to cardiovascular disease and it is characterised by abnormal amounts ...of lipids (i.e. cholesterol and fatty acids) and/or circulating lipoproteins in the blood. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various illnesses including cardiovascular disease. In this way, the potential therapeutic or preventive effects of antioxidant mediators have recently drawn much attention. Coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) is a natural phenolic compound found in many plants such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, vegetables and green tea. Coumarin and derivates are proposed as lipid lowering agents due to its broad pharmacological activities, mainly the implicated in vasodilator and antioxidant effect. Several studies have evidenced a promising role of coumarin and several of its derivates as lipid lowering agents. In the current work, the available reports related to the promising function of these compounds are reviewed.
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