▶ We have studied the structural and electrical properties of Zn
1−
x
Cd
x
O alloy films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. ▶ The trap energy, the capture cross-section, the ...attempt-to-escape frequency and the concentration of the traps in Zn
1−
x
Cd
x
O films are reported. ▶ The effect of the Cd incorporation into ZnO material on trapping levels was investigated by the TSC measurements. Two overlapped peaks were registered at levels of 0.033 and 0.197
eV in ZnO sample by the curve fitting technique. The observed trap energy levels for ZnO film is thought to originate from zinc interstitials and oxygen vacancies. However, the incorporation of Cd into Zn
1−
x
Cd
x
O alloy films with
x
=
0.59 have resulted in two trapping centers with activation energies of 0.118 and 0.215
eV. The observed trap levels in Zn
0.41Cd
0.59O alloy film are related to oxygen adsorption in the sample.
We have studied the structural and electrical properties of Zn
1−
x
Cd
x
O alloy films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. XRD measurement indicated that pure ZnO and CdO samples had single phases with hexagonal wurtzite and cubic structures, respectively. However, Zn
1−
x
Cd
x
O alloy films with
x
=
0.59 and 0.78 exhibited mixtures of a hexagonal wurtzite ZnO phase and a cubic CdO phase. Analysis of thermally stimulated current spectra of Zn
1−
x
Cd
x
O alloy films revealed the existence of a number of overlapped peaks each characterized by different trap energy levels located in the range of 0.033–0.215
eV below the conduction band. We have used curve fitting method for the evaluation of the trap parameters of the alloy films. The values of attempt-to-escape frequency
ν, capture cross-section
S and concentration of the traps
N
t
have been determined.
Plant-model mismatch is a major challenge in the implementation of real time optimisation approaches. Various methods have been proposed to correct for this mismatch based on online data, however ...there is still little work in the experimental validation and comparison of methods. This work focuses on the experimental implementation and validation of some recently proposed methods to account for plant-model mismatch in a real time optimisation context: output modifier adaption, Gaussian processes, and Gaussian process output modifier adaptation.
These methods are implemented on an experimental rig, designed to emulate gas-lifted oil wells drawing from the same reservoir. All the methods are, on average, able to improve upon the baseline performance, with Gaussian process output modifier adaptation showing the best performance. A major challenge was to tune the methods to be robust against the process noise.
Polycrystalline ZnS semiconducting films have been prepared in sandwich configuration by spray pyrolysis technique using ZnO-coated glass substrates and mixed aqueous solutions of ZnCl
2 and ...thiourea. The sandwich structures have been produced successfully by means of ZnO-coated glass substrates. The produced ZnS films have been crystallized in a wurtzite structure and had a direct band gap energy of 3.62
eV. The electrical properties of the sample have been studied by an analysis based on the thermally stimulated current spectra in the temperature range of 40–300
K with various heating rates. A set of curves of
I (
T) for varying initial density of filled traps at a heating rate of
β
2=0.06
K
s
−1 indicate that the observed peaks in the TSC curve of polycrystalline ZnS films have first-order features. In order to evaluate the trap parameters of ZnS films, we have used curve-fitting method. The values of the frequency factor
ν, the capture cross section
S and the concentration of the traps have been determined for three first-order peaks in the TSC spectrum of ZnS.
Cd
x
Zn
(1−
x)
O (
x
=
0, 0.59, 0.78 and 1) films have been produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique using aqueous solutions of CdCl
2 H
2O and ZnCl
2 on the microscope glass substrate ...between 325 and 400 °C. The Cd
x
Zn
(1−
x)
O samples have been crystallized both cubic and hexagonal structures. The optical properties of the samples were characterized by transmittance and absorption spectroscopy measurements. Transmissions of the samples have decreased with increasing
x values. The optical band gap energies of the Cd
x
Zn
(1−
x)
O samples from the absorption spectra have been calculated between 2.48 and 3.23 eV by different Zn contents. The samples were annealed at 350 and 450 °C. The optical band gap energy has decreased at 350 °C whereas it increased at 450 °C.
Background:
Depression is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide, and the discovery and development of effective and safe antidepressant drugs is one of the important topics of ...psychopharmacology.
Objectives:
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like activity potential of tofisopam, an anxiolytic drug with 2,3-benzodiazepine structure, and to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms mediating this effect.
Methods:
The antidepressant-like activity of tofisopam was investigated using tail suspension and modified forced swimming tests. Possible interactions of tofisopam with µ- and δ-opioid receptor subtypes were clarified by pharmacological antagonism, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies.
Results:
Tofisopam (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly shortened the immobility time of mice in both the tail suspension and the modified forced swimming tests. The drug, at the same doses, prolonged the duration of swimming and climbing behaviours measured in modified forced swimming tests. A dosage of 25 mg/kg was ineffective. Mechanistic studies showed that the pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (serotonin synthesis inhibitor; 4 consecutive days, 100 mg/kg), α-methyl-para-tyrosine methyl ester (catecholamine synthesis inhibitor; 100 mg/kg), naloxonazine (selective µ-opioid receptor blocker, 7 mg/kg) and naltrindole (a selective δ-opioid receptor blocker, 0.99 mg/kg) abolished the anti-immobility effect induced by the 50 mg/kg dose of tofisopam in the tail suspension tests. Our in silico studies supported the behavioural findings that the antidepressant-like effect of tofisopam is mediated by μ- and δ-opioid receptors.
Conclusion:
This study is the first to show that tofisopam has antidepressant-like activity mediated by the serotonergic, catecholaminergic and opioidergic systems.
ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a life‐threatening clinical condition that requires immediate intervention, mostly caused by complete occlusion of epicardial vessels. Other diseases ...such as myocarditis, pericarditis, electrolyte disturbance, and early repolarization may mimic. We present a rare case of atrial lead‐related atrial perforation which mimics inferior STEMI.
Atrial tachycardias (AT) are common cardiac arrhythmia disorder for congenital heart disease (CHD). The anatomic substrate that surgical suture lines, scar tissue, or prosthetic material may cause ...pre‐existing atrial conduction abnormalities which leads to the underlying mechanism of reentrant ATs. Radiofrequency Catheter ablation (RFCA) is used in the treatment of atrial tachycardia in CHD patients. However venous system abnormalities may complicate the procedure. We report that ablation of a case with atrial tachycardia with challenging anatomy (persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium, coronary sinus agenesis, inferior vena cava (IVC) agenesis, azygos system drained to the superior vena cava, and repaired ventricular septal defect). This case report discusses the key points of access to cardiac chambers and mapping in very rare challenging anatomy.
Formalin-fixation and paraffin-embedding (FFPE) is a technique for preparing and preserving tissue specimens that has been utilized in histopathology since the late 19th century. This process is ...further complicated by FFPE preparation steps such as fixation, processing, embedding, microtomy, staining, and coverslipping, which often results in artifacts due to the complex histological and cytological characteristics of a tissue specimen. The term "artifacts" includes, but is not limited to, staining inconsistencies, tissue folds, chattering, pen marks, blurring, air bubbles, and contamination. The presence of artifacts may interfere with pathological diagnosis in disease detection, subtyping, grading, and choice of therapy. In this study, we propose FFPE++, an unpaired image-to-image translation method based on contrastive learning with a mixed channel-spatial attention module and self-regularization loss that drastically corrects the aforementioned artifacts in FFPE tissue sections. Turing tests were performed by 10 board-certified pathologists with more than 10 years of experience. These tests which were performed for ovarian carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and papillary thyroid carcinoma, demonstrate the clear superiority of the proposed method in many clinical aspects compared with standard FFPE images. Based on the qualitative experiments and feedback from the Turing tests, we believe that FFPE++ can contribute to substantial diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in clinical pathology in the future and can also improve the performance of AI tools in digital pathology. The code and dataset are publicly available at https://github.com/DeepMIALab/FFPEPlus.
Introduction
Accessory pathway (AP) ablation is a straightforward approach with high success rates, but the fluoroscopy time (FT) is significantly longer in conventional technique. Electroanatomical ...mapping systems (EMS), reduce the FT, but anatomical and activation mapping may prolong the procedure time (PT). The fluoroscopy integration module (FIM) uses prerecorded fluoroscopy images and allows ablation similar to conventional technique without creating an anatomical map. In this study, we investigated the effects of combining the FIM with traditional technique on PT, success, and radiation exposure.
Methods
A total of 131 patients who had undergone AP ablation were included in our study. In 37 patients, right and left anterior oblique (RAO‐LAO) images were acquired after catheter placement and integrated with the FIM. The ablation procedure was then similar to the conventional technique, but without the use of fluoroscopy. For the purpose of acceleration, anatomical and activation maps have not been created. Contact‐force catheters were not used. 94 patients underwent conventional ablation using fluoroscopy only.
Results
FIM into AP ablation procedures led to a significant reduction in radiation exposure, lowering FT from 7.4 to 2.8 min (p < .001) and dose‐area product from 12.47 to 5.8 μGym² (p < .001). While the FIM group experienced a reasonable longer PT (69 vs. 50 min p < .001). FIM reduces FT regardless of operator experience and location of APs
Conclusion
Combining FIM integration with conventional AP ablation offers reduced radiation exposure without compromising success rates and complication.
Fluoroscopy integration module (FIM) facilitates 3D guided accessory pathway ablation without anatomical reconstruction. Combining conventional technique with FIM provide significantly reduced radiation exposure with reasonable procedure time.
FIM, fluoroscopy integration module; 3D, 3 dimensional.
