We describe the construction of novel end-to-end jet image classifiers to discriminate quark- versus gluon-initiated jets using the simulated CMS Open Data. These multi-detector images correspond to ...true maps of the low-level energy deposits in the detector, giving the classifiers direct access to the maximum recorded event information about the jet, differing fundamentally from conventional jet images constructed from reconstructed particle-level information. Using this approach, we achieve classification performance competitive with current state-of-the-art jet classifiers that are dominated by particle-based algorithms. We find the performance to be driven by the availability of precise spatial information, highlighting the importance of high-fidelity detector images. We then illustrate how end-to-end jet classification techniques can be incorporated into event classification workflows using Quantum Chromodynamics di-quark versus di-gluon events. We conclude with the end-to-end event classification of full detector images, which we find to be robust against the effects of underlying event and pileup outside the jet regions-of-interest.
A systematic approach to the chattering analysis in systems with second-order sliding modes is developed. The neglected actuator dynamics is considered to be the main cause of chattering in real ...systems. The magnitude of oscillations in nonlinear systems with unmodeled fast nonlinear actuators driven by second-order sliding-mode control generalized suboptimal (2-SMC G-SO) algorithms is evaluated. Sufficient conditions for the existence of orbitally stable periodic motions are found in terms of the properties of corresponding Poincare maps. For linear systems driven by 2-SMC G-SO algorithms, analysis tools based on the frequency-domain methods are developed. The first of these techniques is based on the describing function method and provides for a simple approximate approach to evaluate the frequency and the amplitude of possible periodic motions. The second technique represents a modified Tsypkin's method and provides for a relatively simple, theoretically exact, approach to evaluate the periodic motion parameters. Examples of analysis and simulation results are given throughout this paper.
This paper endows the second-order sliding mode control (2-SMC) approach with additional capabilities of learning and control adaptation. We present a 2-SMC scheme that estimates and compensates for ...the uncertainties affecting the system dynamics. It also adjusts the discontinuous control effort online, so that it can be reduced to arbitrarily small values. The proposed scheme is particularly useful when the available information regarding the uncertainties is conservative, and the classical `fixed-gain' SMC would inevitably lead to largely oversized discontinuous control effort. Benefits from the viewpoint of chattering reduction are obtained, as confirmed by computer simulations.
In the presence of methyl acetate triglycerides such as vegetable oils are transformed simultaneously into the corresponding fatty acid methyl esters and triacetyl glycerol (triacetin). The reaction, ...catalyzed by lipases, was studied as a function of some critical parameters, such as type of catalyst, enzyme hydration and immobilization support. The aim of the work was to achieve a conversion of the triglyceride as high as possible and to maximize the yield of the triacetin, the reaction end point. It was found that by using the immobilized lipase from
Candida antarctica yields as high as 80% of both fatty acid esters and triacetin could be achieved. These results were obtained by carefully controlling the amount of water present in the reaction medium and the hydration level of the enzyme macromolecule.
This paper presents a novel scheme for the speed/position control of permanent-magnet (PM) DC motor drives. A cascade-control scheme, based on multiple instances of a second-order ...sliding-mode-control (2-SMC) algorithm, is suggested, which provides accurate tracking performance under large uncertainty about the motor and load parameters. The overall control scheme is composed of three main blocks: (1) a 2-SMC-based velocity observer which uses only position measurements; (2) a 2-SMC-based velocity control loop that provides a reference command current; and 3) a 2-SMC-based current control loop generating the reference voltage. The proposed scheme has been implemented and tested experimentally on a commercial PM DC motor drive. The experimental results confirm the precise and robust performance and the ease of tuning and implementation, featured by the proposed scheme.
Relying on the possibility of generating a second-order sliding motion by using, as control, the first derivative of the control signal instead of the actual control, a new solution to the problem of ...chattering elimination in variable structure control (VSC) is presented. Such a solution, inspired by the classical bang-bang optimal control strategy, is first depicted and expressed in terms of a control algorithm by introducing a suitable auxiliary problem involving a second-order uncertain system with unavailable velocity. Then, the applicability of the algorithm is extended, via suitable modifications, to the case of nonlinear systems with uncertainties of more general types. The proposed algorithm does not require the use of observers and differential inequalities and can be applied in practice by exploiting such commercial components as peak detectors or other approximated methods to evaluate the change of the sign of the derivative of the quantity accounting for the distance to the sliding manifold.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a finger millet-based broiler feed on the meat quality of chicken. Proximate nutrient composition was analyzed on the finger millet meal and a ...feed formulated with finger millet as the main energy source. The feed was formulated on percent crude protein (CP) basis using Pearson square method. An experiment was designed and conducted on Ross Hybrid chickens to determine the effect of the feed on lean tissue development. A two-tailed t-test statistical analysis was conducted at a significance level of 5% to determine the effect of the feed on fat deposition and lean tissue development in broiler muscle. The finger millet feed increased mean lean tissue mass by 3.47%. This study showed that use of finger millet feed reduced the fat deposition and favored protein deposition in broiler muscle (increased leanness). This study also showed that finger millet feed significantly enhanced broiler growth performance. We concluded that finger millet has the potential to replace maize meal in broiler feed formulation in order to produce lean and healthier meat for consumers.
A solution to the problem of eliminating the chattering effect, which is always associated with practical implementations of variable structure control, is presented with reference to a class of ...uncertain multi-input nonlinear systems. The solution procedure relies on the application of an original control approach capable of enforcing a second-order sliding mode (i.e., a sliding regime on a surface sx(t)=0 in the system state space, with s/spl dot/x(t) identically equal to zero, a regime enforced by a control signal depending on sx(t), but directly acting only on s/spl uml/x(t)). Such an approach, in its original formulation, only applies to single-input nonlinear systems with particular types of uncertainties. In the present paper, its validity is extended to multi-input nonlinear systems characterized by uncertainties of more general nature, covering a wide class of real processes.
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