Neck circumference (NC) is being used to identify the risk of chronic diseases. There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Latin America, and neck circumference is a simple and practical ...measurement to assess this, especially in primary health centers. We analyzed the correlation between the NC anthropometric indicator and other anthropometric measurements such as BMI and waist circumference (WC) in eight Latin American cities. We applied Pearson’s correlation to identify the correlate NC with the other anthropometric variables stratified by sex; the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) by sex were evaluated according to the cut-off established with the Youden Index. The strongest correlations between NC and WC were found when stratified by sex (women: r = 0.71; men: r = 0.69, respectively) followed by the correlation between NC and BMI (r = 0.65, both sex). NC cut-off points of 39.0 cm in men and 32.9 cm in women identified those individuals with an increased WC and 39.8 and 33.7 cm, respectively, for a substantial increase in WC. For BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 for men, the cut-off point was 37.5 cm, and for women, it was 33.1 cm, and for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, the cut-off points were 39.2 and 34.2 cm, for men and women, respectively. Conclusion: NC proved to be a useful, practical, and inexpensive tool that can be used to identify, evaluate, and monitor overweight and obese individuals.
Cardiac hypertrophy is the result of responses to various physiological or pathological stimuli. Recently, we showed that polycystin-1 participates in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy elicited by pressure ...overload and mechanical stress. Interestingly, polycystin-1 knockdown does not affect phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, suggesting that the effects of polycystin-1 are stimulus-dependent. In this study, we aimed to identify the role of polycystin-1 in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling in cardiomyocytes. Polycystin-1 knockdown completely blunted IGF-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We then investigated the molecular mechanism underlying this result. We found that polycystin-1 silencing impaired the activation of the IGF-1 receptor, Akt, and ERK1/2 elicited by IGF-1. Remarkably, IGF-1-induced IGF-1 receptor, Akt, and ERK1/2 phosphorylations were restored when protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B was inhibited, suggesting that polycystin-1 knockdown deregulates this phosphatase in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition also restored IGF-1-dependent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in polycystin-1-deficient cells. Our findings provide the first evidence that polycystin-1 regulates IGF-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through a mechanism involving protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B.
The proposal in the present research study is the result of a more than two-year process developed in a pallet manufacturing company for anchor enterprises in Southern Sonora, Mexico dedicated to ...beer production and export to the United States of America. Considering the high pallet demand for this supplier, a strategic plan was created in 2021, establishing an important project for developing technological solutions to improve decision making supported by graphical user interface and focused on sustainability. This study shows the application of system dynamics in all the wood and pallet manufacturing processes with a strategic sourcing supply chain. The method used for its development had the following stages: (1) developing the mapping process; (2) creating the causal loop diagram; (3) developing a flow and stock model with the representing mathematical equations; (4) simulating and validating current scenarios; (5) evaluating normal, optimistic, and pessimistic scenarios with multicriteria decision making using Technique to Order Preferences by Similarity and the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Faire Un Choix Adéquat (FUCA); (6) building the graphical interface. The most relevant results for the company were having quantitative information regarding the pallet demand required by the main client for wood availability, which was the main restriction in the supply chain. The solution was based on four validation tests that allowed decision makers to support the production proposals considering the assistance of the dynamic models. The main conclusion demonstrated that using well-defined operation rules and policies—considering the installed capacity and pallet demand through the model solution—allows anticipating decisions on pallet quantity and reducing the risk of out-of-time deliveries.
Enseñanza de la comunicación oral en contexto indígena Ramírez, María Paz Vásquez; Del Pino, Miguel
Educaçao e Pesquisa: Revista da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo,
2022, Letnik:
48, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Resumen La comunicación oral como eje en el plan de estudio escolar en Chile es un tema relevante para las comunidades indígenas mapuche de la Región de La Araucanía, sobre todo, porque la oralidad ...es la fuente de conocimiento y transmisión de saberes para este pueblo. Aunque este eje se considera en el currículo oficial, se enseña y se evalúa desde métodos educativos occidentales. Este estudio tiene como finalidad identificar y describir componentes de la comunicación oral, cuya inclusión es necesaria en escuelas con estudiantes mapuche y chileno-occidentales. Para esto, el estudio fue participativo en base al enfoque dialógico-kishu kimkelay ta che, por medio de una fase de revisión de fuentes documentales, y una fase de trabajo con profesores/as que se desempeñan en contexto indígena rural y urbano. Entre los principales resultados, se identifica la distancia epistémica entre la oralidad de los programas ministeriales y la experiencia del profesorado, como también, se presentan recursos metodológicos, tanto didácticos como evaluativos, cuya incorporación es importante en las prácticas de aula cuando se desempeña en contextos con población indígena.
Abstract Oral communication as an axis in the school curriculum in Chile is a relevant issue for the Mapuche indigenous communities of the Araucanía Region, especially because orality is a source of knowledge and knowledge and skills transmission for these people. Although this axis is included in the official curriculum, it is taught and assessed using Western educational methods. This study aims to identify and describe components of oral communication, whose inclusion is necessary in schools with Mapuche and Western-chilean students. For this, the study was participatory based on the dialogic approach-kishu kimkelay ta che, through a review phase of documentary sources, and a phase of work with teachers who perfom in rural and urban indigenous context. Among the main results, the epistemic distance between the orality of the ministerial programs and the experience of the teaching staff is identified, as well as methodological resources, both didactic and evaluative, whose incorporation is important in classroom practices when carried out in educational contexts with indigenous population.
En Chile la Formación Inicial Docente ha cobrado una especial relevancia en los últimos años, ya que la preparación de los futuros profesionales de la educación tiene una repercusión directa en la ...calidad de la docencia. Objetivo. identificar el grado de importancia sobre los atributos y competencias docentes calificadas como eficaces en la formación inicial docente de profesores y profesoras de educación física, según la perspectiva de académicos y estudiantes. Material y Métodos. Participaron 250 estudiantes de 1º a 5º año de formación inicial docente de Pedagogía en Educación Física de una Universidad en la región de Valparaíso, Chile; y 19 académicos (as) que imparten asignaturas disciplinares en el plan de estudios. Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre mejores prácticas docentes en Educación Superior, asociadas a la excelencia académica y eficacia docente. Resultados. Se evidenció que existe concordancia, entre académicos (as) y estudiantes en la valoración de prácticas pedagógicas que favorecen clases interactivas y participativas, sin embargo, los y las estudiantes atribuyen una menor importancia a todas aquellas prácticas pedagógicas asociadas a la construcción de relaciones y perspicacia intrapersonal. Conclusión. Los académicos (as) valoran en mayor medida aquellas prácticas pedagógicas eficaces asociadas al establecimiento de normas, responsabilidad y generación del clima del aula, en tanto los y las estudiantes, otorgan un mayor valor a las prácticas pedagógicas eficaces relacionadas a la actualización constante de contenidos, elaboración de evaluaciones contextualizadas y el compromiso con la docencia que muestren sus profesores y profesoras.
Palabras Claves: Calidad en Educación, Educación Superior, Educación Física, Mejores prácticas docentes, Profesores Eficaces.
Abstract. In Chile, Initial Teacher Training has gained special relevance in recent years, since the preparation of future education professionals has a direct impact on the quality of teaching. Objective. to identify the degree of importance of the teaching attributes and competencies qualified as effective in the initial teacher training of physical education teachers, according to the perspective of academics and students. Material and methods. Participants were 250 students from 1st to 5th year of initial teacher training in Physical Education Pedagogy at a University in the region of Valparaíso, Chile; and 19 academics (as) who teach disciplinary subjects in the curriculum. A questionnaire on best teaching practices in Higher Education, associated with academic excellence and teaching effectiveness, was applied. Results. It was evidenced that there is agreement between academics and students in the assessment of pedagogical practices that favor interactive and participatory classes, however, the students attribute less importance to all those pedagogical practices associated with the construction of relationships and insight. intrapersonal. Conclusion. The academics (as) value to a greater extent those effective pedagogical practices associated with the establishment of norms, responsibility and generation of the classroom climate, while the students give a greater value to the effective pedagogical practices related to the constant updating of content, preparation of contextualized evaluations and the commitment to teaching shown by their teachers.
Keywords: Quality in Education, Higher Education, Physical Education, Best Teaching Practices, Effective Teachers.
Resumen En esta investigación se aborda cómo las mujeres que cumplen el rol de madre trabajadora perciben el impacto en estos roles posterior a la experiencia de tener/haber tenido cáncer de mama, ...desde el Modelo Persona Ambiente Ocupación, considerando todos sus componentes y como su interacción influye en el desempeño ocupacional. La metodología utilizada se centra en la recopilación de información, por medio de entrevistas realizadas a 10 mujeres acerca de sus experiencias en relación con este diagnóstico, de las cuales 5 están en tratamiento, y las restantes se encuentran recuperadas. De acuerdo con los resultados, las mujeres perciben que su desempeño se vio impactado, debido a las consecuencias físicas, socioemocionales y cognitivas que conlleva el tener/haber tenido cáncer de mama. A su vez se generó un impacto en los roles que desempeñan estas mujeres, por lo cual se evidenció la importancia de contar con redes de apoyo durante todo el proceso. Debido a esto, es necesario llevar a cabo futuras investigaciones que puedan contribuir y fundamentar la importancia de la terapia ocupacional en esta patología para así favorecer un tratamiento integral, considerando sus ocupaciones significativas y los contextos en los cuales se desenvuelven.
Resumo Esta pesquisa aborda, a partir do Modelo Pessoa Ambiente Ocupação, como as mulheres que cumprem o papel de mães trabalhadoras percebem o impacto destes papéis, após a experiência de ter/ter tido câncer de mama, considerando todos os seus componentes e como sua interação influencia o desempenho ocupacional. A metodologia utilizada centra-se na coleta de informação, através de entrevistas a 10 mulheres sobre as suas vivências em relação a este diagnóstico, das quais cinco estão em tratamento e as restantes recuperadas. De acordo com os resultados, as mulheres percebem que seu desempenho foi impactado, devido às consequências físicas, socioemocionais e cognitivas de ter/ter tido câncer de mama. Ao mesmo tempo, gerou-se um impacto nos papéis que essas mulheres desempenham, para o qual ficou evidente a importância de contar com redes de apoio ao longo do processo. Diante disso, faz-se necessária a realização de pesquisas futuras que possam contribuir e fundamentar a importância da terapia ocupacional nessa patologia de forma a favorecer um tratamento integral, considerando suas ocupações significativas e os contextos em que estão inseridas.
Abstract This research addresses the perceptions of women who identify as working mothers regarding the impact on their occupational roles following a breast cancer diagnosis, based on the Person-Environment-Occupation Model. The methodology involved conducting interviews with ten women about their experiences related to their breast cancer diagnosis, of which five were undergoing treatment and five had recovered. The results reveal that these women perceive their performance to be impacted by the physical, socioemotional, and cognitive consequences of having or having had breast cancer. Furthermore, the illness also affected the various roles they inhabited, highlighting the importance of support networks throughout the process. Therefore, future research is essential to underscore the importance of occupational therapy in treating this condition, considering the women’s significant occupations and the contexts in which they occur.
The Communicative-Kvmecegeam evaluation approach in education is the result of extensive research and reflections within the Mapuche context in the south-central and southern regions of Chile. This ...approach is inspired by recognition and participation as dimensions to overcome socio-educational inequality seen in this context and is consistent with the transformative paradigm of evaluation. This approach first accounts for an educational evaluation based on territorial, cultural, social and linguistic components. Second, it integrates evaluation cycles that account for orientations, methodologies and participatory evaluation procedures with various people—teachers, family members, Elders—who offer their knowledge to guide the evaluation. Finally, the article presents some lessons learned to date, such as the transition from a traditional concept in evaluation to a more processual and formative one within the framework of social justice.
Angiotensin-(1-9) is a peptide from the noncanonical renin-angiotensin system with anti-hypertrophic effects in cardiomyocytes via an unknown mechanism. In the present study we aimed to elucidate it, ...basing us initially on previous work from our group and colleagues who proved a relationship between disturbances in mitochondrial morphology and calcium handling, associated with the setting of cardiac hypertrophy. Our first finding was that angiotensin-(1-9) can induce mitochondrial fusion through DRP1 phosphorylation. Secondly, angiotensin-(1-9) blocked mitochondrial fission and intracellular calcium dysregulation in a model of norepinephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, preventing the activation of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway. To further investigate angiotensin-(1-9) anti-hypertrophic mechanism, we performed RNA-seq studies, identifying the upregulation of miR-129 under angiotensin-(1-9) treatment. miR-129 decreased the transcript levels of the protein kinase A inhibitor (PKIA), resulting in the activation of the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. Finally, we showed that PKA activity is necessary for the effects of angiotensin-(1-9) over mitochondrial dynamics, calcium handling and its anti-hypertrophic effects.
Twenty-six years after it was last detected, Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) genotype III reemerged in 2005 in C6rdoba, Argentina, where it caused an outbreak. Two genotype III SLEV strains ...were isolated from Culex quinquefasciatus. A 71.43% prevalence for neutralizing antibodies was found in domestic fowl in the homestead of a patient with encephalitis.
The Latin American (LA) region is still facing an ongoing epidemiological transition and shows a complex public health scenario regarding non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A healthy diet and ...consumption of specific food groups may decrease the risk of NCDs, however there is a lack of dietary intake data in LA countries.
Provide updated data on the dietary intake of key science-based selected food groups related to NCDs risk in LA countries.
ELANS (Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health) is a multicenter cross-sectional study assessing food consumption from an urban sample between15 to 65 years old from 8 LA countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). Two 24-HR were obtained from 9,218 individuals. The daily intake of 10 food groups related to NCDs risk (fruits; vegetables; legumes/beans; nuts and seeds; whole grains products; fish and seafood; yogurt; red meat; processed meats; sugar-sweetened beverages (ready-to-drink and homemade)) were assessed and compared to global recommendations.
Only 7.2% of the overall sample reached WHO's recommendation for fruits and vegetables consumption (400 grams per day). Regarding the dietary patterns related to a reduced risk of NCDs, among the overall sample legumes and fruits were the food groups with closer intake to the recommendation, although much lower than expected (13.1% and 11.5%, respectively). Less than 3.5% of the sample met the optimal consumption level of vegetables, nuts, whole grains, fish and yogurt. Largest country-dependent differences in average daily consumption were found for legumes, nuts, fish, and yogurt. Mean consumption of SSB showed large differences between countries.
Diet intake quality is deficient for nutrient-dense food groups, suggesting a higher risk for NCDs in the urban LA region in upcoming decades. These data provide relevant and up-to-date information to take urgent public health actions to improve consumption of critically foods in order to prevent NCDs.
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