The distribution network is the most exposed part of the electrical power system relative to different abnormal events; therefore, it reports the highest occurrence rates in terms of electrical and ...mechanical failures. The present project describes a strategy for restoring faulty areas after the occurrence of an abnormal event causing an outage; consequently, the proposed algorithm is not only focused on the maximization of the connected loads but also deals with the minimization of the switching operations by considering technical operational constraints. The remarked study has two stages: The first one finds an initial set of tie-line candidates using the spanning tree technique, while the second stage applies a genetic algorithm to determine the optimal solution considering all the constraints. Three cases studies have been used to test the proposed algorithm, then the simulation and results of IEEE 13, 37 and 94 node feeders depict the effectiveness of the restoration strategy.
This study describes a practical methodology for a resilient planning and routing of power distribution networks considering real scenarios based on georeferenced data. Customers’ demand and their ...location are the basis for distribution transformer allocation considering the minimal construction costs and reduction of utility’s budget. MST (Minimum Spanning Tree) techniques are implemented to determine the optimal location of distribution transformers and Medium voltage network routing. Additionally, the allocation of tie points is determined to minimise the total load shedding when unusual and extreme events are faced by the distribution grid, improving reliability and resilience reducing downtime during those events. The proposed methodology provides a coverage of 100%, supplying electricity to the totality of customers within statutory limits during normal and unusual conditions.
Electrical power systems represent a fundamental part of society, and their efficient operations are of vital importance for social and economic development. Power systems have been designed to ...withstand interruptions under already provided safety and quality principles; however, there are some extreme and not so frequent events that could represent inconveniences for the correct operation of the entire system. For this reason, in recent years the term resilience, which serves to describe the capacity of a system to recover from an unwanted event, has been analyzed on planning, operation and remedial actions. This work is focused on the implementation of a topological reconfiguration tool, which is oriented to change the structure of primary feeders based on changing the status of switchgears. Once the distribution network has been reconfigured, an algorithm of protection coordination is executed based on communication peer-to-peer between Matlab and PowerFactory, which develops an adaptive calculation to determine the current setting and the time multiplier setting. The reconfiguration and coordination protection algorithms could be implemented and evaluated on different distribution networks, areas and locations.
Influenza is a leading cause of respiratory mortality and morbidity. While inflammation is essential for fighting infection, a balance of anti-viral defense and host tolerance is necessary for ...recovery. Circadian rhythms have been shown to modulate inflammation. However, the importance of diurnal variability in the timing of influenza infection is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that endogenous rhythms affect survival in influenza infection. Circadian control of influenza infection is mediated by enhanced inflammation as proven by increased cellularity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), pulmonary transcriptomic profile and histology and is not attributable to viral burden. Better survival is associated with a time dependent preponderance of NK and NKT cells and lower proportion of inflammatory monocytes in the lung. Further, using a series of genetic mouse mutants, we elucidate cellular mechanisms underlying circadian gating of influenza infection.
Designing and planning of electrical distribution systems is a task that design engineers perform during their daily activities. These designs, which are completed manually, are made according to the ...expertise of the designer; as a consequence, the obtained product varies depending on the person in charge of executing the layout, highlighting the fact that those designs are susceptible to involuntary human mistakes resulting in no optimal solutions and high cost consequences. The work presented below explains the implementation of an intelligent decision tool that allows the design of network distribution system planning considering the current electrical company standards, in order to have a clear and quick initial overview of the configuration that an electricity network should have in response to an increasing demand, considering not only the coverage and capacity of the transformers but also voltage drop along the conductors, which must not exceed 3% of the nominal value. The objective of this design tool is that it can be applicable in real scenarios; for this reason, the routing of the conductors and the location of the transformers are based on a georeferenced map. It is important to mention that the optimization problem is focused on minimizing the amount of transformers and at the same time ensuring a total coverge of 100% end users connected to the grid. This tool would be very useful in the educational and practical fields, since private and public electricity companies could use it to obtain a quick and efficient base product on which they could start to develop expansion and planning of distribution networks. The concept and development of such a tool is the subject of this paper.
Oligodendrocytes extend elaborate microtubule arbors that contact up to 50 axon segments per cell, then spiral around myelin sheaths, penetrating from outer to inner layers. However, how they ...establish this complex cytoarchitecture is unclear. Here, we show that oligodendrocytes contain Golgi outposts, an organelle that can function as an acentrosomal microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). We identify a specific marker for Golgi outposts—TPPP (tubulin polymerization promoting protein)—that we use to purify this organelle and characterize its proteome. In in vitro cell-free assays, recombinant TPPP nucleates microtubules. Primary oligodendrocytes from Tppp knockout (KO) mice have aberrant microtubule branching, mixed microtubule polarity, and shorter myelin sheaths when cultured on 3-dimensional (3D) microfibers. Tppp KO mice exhibit hypomyelination with shorter, thinner myelin sheaths and motor coordination deficits. Together, our data demonstrate that microtubule nucleation outside the cell body at Golgi outposts by TPPP is critical for elongation of the myelin sheath.
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•TPPP is a specific Golgi outpost marker. TPPP nucleates microtubules in vitro•Golgi outpost purification from brain using TPPP yielded organelle proteome•Tppp knockout oligodendrocytes have mixed microtubule polarity and shorter sheaths•In vivo, Tppp knockout mice have hypomyelination and motor coordination defects
The complex cytoarchitecture of oligodendrocytes critical for myelin sheath elongation is dependent on microtubule nucleation by TPPP at Golgi outposts outside the cell body.
Artificial Intelligence and Its Implications in Higher Education Ocaña-Fernández, Yolvi; Valenzuela-Fernández, Luis Alex; Garro-Aburto, Luzmila Lourdes
Journal of Educational Psychology - Propositos y Representaciones,
2019, Letnik:
7, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The new challenges of the information society demand from the university a severe change in its rigid canons of education. The artificial intelligence-based formats promise a very substantial ...improvement in education for all the different levels, with an unprecedented qualitative improvement: to provide the students with an accurate personalization of their learning according to their requirements, managing to integrate the different forms of human interaction and information and communications technologies. The great challenge of the university of the new millennium lies in the urgent need to plan, design, develop and implement digital skills in order to train better professionals capable of understanding and developing the technological environment according to their needs, as well as implementing the universalization of a digital language supported by programs developed under artificial intelligence formats.
Valley fever, a disease caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Coccidioides spp., is on the rise in the southwestern United States and is suspected of expanding its habitat in response to climate ...change. Many people residing in endemic areas are unaware of the risk of contracting coccidioidomycosis by inhaling fugitive dust that may contain dormant arthroconidia of this fungus. In an effort to teach students about the ongoing epidemic of valley fever and reduce incidence of the disease through education, we developed an inquiry-based, multi-focus laboratory exercise that (1) increases awareness of valley fever incidence, disease symptoms, and ongoing efforts of disease prevention; (2) teaches about the pathogen's ecology; and (3) familiarizes students with molecular techniques targeting pathogen identification. This laboratory exercise uses polymerase chain reaction to detect Coccidioides spp. in DNA extracts from soil samples collected by students across different soil environments. Additionally, this exercise will teach students how to use publicly available data to investigate disease incidence over time and characterize soils the pathogen may inhabit.
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of phytohormones playing diverse roles in plant growth and development, yet the limited access to SLs is largely impeding SL-based foundational investigations and ...applications. Here, we developed
–
consortia to establish a microbial biosynthetic platform for the synthesis of various SLs, including carlactone, carlactonoic acid, 5-deoxystrigol (5DS; 6.65 ± 1.71 μg/liter), 4-deoxyorobanchol (3.46 ± 0.28 μg/liter), and orobanchol (OB; 19.36 ± 5.20 μg/liter). The SL-producing platform enabled us to conduct functional identification of CYP722Cs from various plants as either OB or 5DS synthase. It also allowed us to quantitatively compare known variants of plant SL biosynthetic enzymes in the microbial system. The titer of 5DS was further enhanced through pathway engineering to 47.3 μg/liter. This work provides a unique platform for investigating SL biosynthesis and evolution and lays the foundation for developing SL microbial production process.
Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disease with multisystemic and heterogeneous manifestations, characterized by underlying high parathormone concentrations. Despite neuropsychiatric involvement being ...one of the manifestations, psychosis is rare. This is the case of a 68-year-old female with a 10-day clinical course of anorexia, mutism, dysphagia, constipation, and weight loss. The patient had disorganized speech associated with paranoid delusions. Prior to this visit, the patient was recently diagnosed with a mixed anxiety-depressive disorder. For this reason, treatment with antidepressants in combination with atypical antipsychotics was administered without a satisfactory response. Neuroimaging, infectious panel, and toxicology screening showed no abnormal findings. Hypercalcemia secondary to a retropharyngeal ectopic parathyroid adenoma was the causative etiology of her primary hyperparathyroidism, and hypercalcemia treatment resolved the psychotic episode. We highlight the importance of recognizing psychosis as a possible initial presentation of hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia. Ruling out organic etiologies prior to diagnosing a primary cause of psychosis is crucial, as their treatment can reverse the psychotic symptoms.
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