The present report describes the ultrastructural localization of bronchial antileukoprotease (ALP) in human central and peripheral airways by using polyclonal as well as monoclonal ALP-specific ...antibodies in a two-step gold-labeling procedure. In the serous cells of bronchial glands, ALP could be demonstrated in secretory granules. These granules, among which 4 phenotypes could be distinguished morphologically in ultrathin sections, showed the following labeling patterns: phenotype I, which had an electron lucent, fine granular content, and phenotype II, which was homogeneously electron dense, both showed gold label over their entire area. The granules expressing zonal differences in electron density (phenotype III) showed only label in their electron-dense cores and the electron-lucent granules (phenotype IV) showed a minimal labeling. Sometimes gold particles could be observed in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope, suggesting that ALP is present in these cell organelles. In the bronchiolar epithelium, ALP could be localized only in the secretory granules of Clara cells and goblet cells. These findings indicate that ALP is also synthesized in bronchioli. To our knowledge this is the first time that a well-defined protein has been described that is produced and secreted by human Clara cells.
Understanding the quark and gluon substructure of the nucleon has been a prime goal of both nuclear and particle physics for more than thirty years and has led to much of the progress in strong ...interaction physics. Still the flavor dependence of the nucleon's spin is a significant fundamental question that is not understood. Experiments measuring the spin content of the nucleon have reported conflicting results on the amount of nucleon spin carried by strange quarks. Quasi-elastic neutrino scattering, observed using a novel detection technique, provides a theoretically clean measure of this quantity. The optimum neutrino beam energy needed to measure the strange spin of the nucleon is 1 GeV. This is also an ideal energy to search for neutrino oscillations at high \(\Delta m^2\) in an astrophysically interesting region. Models of the r-process in supernovae which include high-mass sterile neutrinos may explain the abundance of neutron-rich heavy metals in the universe. These high-mass sterile neutrinos are outside the sensitivity region of any previous neutrino oscillation experiments. The Booster neutrino beamline at Fermilab provides the world's highest intensity neutrino beam in the 0.5-1.0 GeV energy range, a range ideal for both of these measurements. A small detector located upstream of the MiniBooNE detector, 100 m from the recently commissioned Booster neutrino source, could definitively measure the strange quark contribution to the nucleon spin. This detector, in conjunction with the MiniBooNE detector, could also investigate \(\nu_{\mu}\) disappearance in a currently unexplored, cosmologically interesting region.
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is a 1000 T D
2O Cerenkov detector that is sensitive to
8B solar neutrinos. The energy, radius, and direction with respect to the sun is measured for each neutrino ...event; these distributions are used to separately determine the rates of the charged current, neutral current and electron scattering reactions of neutrinos on deuterium. Assuming an undistorted
8B spectrum, the
ν
e
component of the
8B solar flux is
φ
e
= 1.76
+0.05
−0.05(stat.)
+0.09
−0.09 (syst.) × 10
6 cm
−2s
−1 based on events with a measured kinetic enegy above 5 MeV. The non-
ν
e
component is
φ
μτ
= 3.41
+0.45
−0.45(stat.)
+0.48
−0.45 (syst.) × 10
6 cm
−2s
−1, 5.3
σ greater than zero, providing strong evidence for solar
ν
e
flavor transformation. The total flux measured with the NC reaction is
φ
NC = 5.09
+0.044
−0.43(stat.)
+0.46
−0.43 (syst.) × 10
6 cm
−2s
−1, consistent with solar models. The night minus day rate is 14.0% ± 6.3%
+1.5
−1.4% of the average rate. If the total flux of active neutrinos is additionally constrained to have no asymmetry, the
ν
e
asymmetry is found to be 7.0% ± 4.9%
+1.3
−1.2%. A global solar neutrino analysis is terms of matter-enhanced oscillations of two active flavors strongly favors the Large Mixing Angle (LMA) solution.
Spline analysis of Hydrographic data Davies, Andrew; Kinoshita, Mark; Van de Water, Richard ...
Mathematical modelling,
1986, 1986-00-00, Letnik:
7, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The basic problem involved in determining where the ship can not go is an attempt to reconstruct the sea bed. The interpolation of points necessary to reconstruct the sea bed was done using a bicubic ...spline. This method was chosen because of the similarities between the boundary conditions believed to be characteristic of the modeling problem and those of the natural spline. These include the continuity of the first and second derivatives, and the minimum curvature exhibited by the spline method which is characteristic of the sea bottom. The major problem faced in modeling the sea bed was selecting the extra data points needed in order to find a meaningful solution. This selection was done both by intuition and by constructing splines to model the possible behavior along a straight line. The results were two different models: a ridge model, characterized by a single shallow ridge in the center of the region; and a hill model, characterized by two smaller ridges. By varying one of these extra data points (called critical points), several models of both these extremes as well as intermediate models were generated. However, it was found that the number of given points did not permit a definitive model. Data was needed inside the region, especially at the critical points and at the exterior points in order to better define the boundary. The boundary could not be reliably determined since our spline model does not allow for accurate extrapolation. Thus, the model, although close to what is believed to be the correct model, is not good enough to allow for navigation because of the limited number of given data points.
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