•TVP produced from faba bean protein concentrate and oat beta-glucan rich fraction.•Feed rate and moisture content during LME had most impact on the TVP properties.•Best LME conditions at 28.5/5/150 ...or 30.8/4/160 for MC (%), FR (Kg/h) and HZ6 (⁰C).•The blending improved the DIAAS score.•The beta glucan content qualifies for EFSA health claim “reduces LDL-cholesterol”.
Texturized vegetable protein (TVP) from a blend of faba bean protein concentrate and an oat beta-glucan rich fraction was produced by low-moisture extrusion to combine nutritional benefits of both ingredients. The effect of extrusion conditions (temperature in zone 6 (HZ6), feed rate (FR) and moisture content (MC)) on physicochemical, nutritional, textural, and sensory attributes was studied. Overall, effect of the FR and MC of the blend showed greater impact on TVP properties rather than the temperature. TVPs produced at 28.5%, 5 Kg/h and 150⁰C and at 30.8%, 4 Kg/h and 160⁰C for MC, FR and HZ6, respectively, presented improved properties to be further formulated into a meat analogue product. The beta-glucan content of TVP (5.6g/100g dm) was high enough to reach >1 g beta-glucan per serving in a final food product (e.g., vegan burger), which qualifies for the health claim “reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol” approved by the European Food Safety Authority. The combination of these ingredients resulted simultaneously in an improved composition of essential amino acids and increased the protein quality of the blend as the calculated digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) improved from 72.2 (beta-glucan rich fraction alone) or 76.1 (faba bean protein concentrate alone) to 90.2 (blend).
•Myelodisplastic disorders are associated with higher bone marrow proviral loads.•Viral and proviral loads in serum or bone marrow classify the infection stage.•Molecular methods to detect feline ...leukemia virus for endemic areas.•Severity of hematological disease depends of leukemia viral and proviral loads.
This study was conducted to correlate clinical, laboratory, and bone marrow (BM) changes in cats naturally infected with feline leukemia virus and their association with viral loads in blood and BM and proviral loads in BM. Cats were classified into five groups based on antigenemia, clinical and/or laboratory findings and viral/proviral loads, according to a prospective study: symptomatic progressive (GI); asymptomatic progressive (GII); regressive (GIII); unclassified (GIV); or healthy (GV). |Correlations between these five groups and viral/proviral loads were evaluated. High viral and proviral loads were detected in GI and GII and viral loads were significantly associated with laboratory signs. Proviral loads detected in BM were significantly lower in GIII and GIV. GI cats were more likely to develop hematopoietic disorders than those from the other groups. Hematological and clinical disorders and disease severity are related to higher viral blood and proviral BM loads.
Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV1) is a member of the family
Herpesviridae
, subfamily
Alphaherpesvirinae
, genus
Varicellovirus
. To date, no full genome sequence of BuHV has been published. Here, ...we report the complete genome sequence of bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV1) strain b6 (BuHV1-b6), isolated from a water buffalo (
Bubalus bubalis
) in 1972 in Australia. The virus was multiplied in MDBK cells, and the DNA was extracted and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The reads were aligned and combined into a single genome sequence, with bovine alphaherpesvirus 5 (BoHV5) strain SV507/99 (accession number NC005261) as a reference. The BuHV1-b6 genome is a linear double-stranded DNA molecule, 137,452 bp long, with a GC content of 76.8%. The genome consists of two unique sequences: a long, or UL, sequence (103,818 bp) and a short, or US, sequence (9,586 bp), with the latter being flanked by inverted IR and TR elements of 12,024 bp each. The arrangement is typical of herpesvirus genomes of the D-type. The overall sequence has a 92.2% similarity at the nucleotide level to the reference BoHV5 strain. Our report provides a significant landmark in the history of herpesviruses, represented by the genome sequence of this 44-year-old virus isolate.
The aim of this study was to investigate certain parameters regarding the maternal-fetal outcomes in a diet-induced obesity model. Obese, glucose-intolerant females who were exposed to a high-fat ...diet prior to pregnancy had lower placental efficiency and lower birth weight pups compared to the controls. Simple linear regression analyses showed that maternal obesity disrupts the proportionality between maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy. Maternal obesity is correlated with fetal outcomes, perhaps because of problems with hormonal signaling and exacerbation of inflammation in the maternal metabolic environment. The maternal obese phenotype altered the thickness of the placental layer, the transport of fatty acids, and the expression of growth factors. For example, lower expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA in the obesity-prone group may have contributed to the rupture of the placental layers, leading to adverse fetal outcomes. Furthermore, maintenance of maternal glucose homeostasis and overexpression of placental growth factor (PGF) in the obesity-resistant group likely protected the placenta and fetuses from morphological and functional damage.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a method for the isolation, culture, and PEG-mediated protoplast transfection from leaves of in vitro-grown plants of Ricinus communis.
Factors such as the ...enzymatic composition and the incubation time were evaluated. The enzymatic solution, containing 1.6% Cellulase-R10 and 0.8% Macerozyme-R10, with 16 h of incubation, was the best condition to achieve a high protoplast yield (481.16 × 10
protoplasts/g FW) with a high percentage of viability (95%). The combination and concentration of enzymes have been shown to affect the protoplast isolation efficiency significantly. Furthermore, we found that a higher number of protoplasts (8.5 × 10
protoplast/g FW) was obtained at a longer incubation time, but their viability decreased. We obtained a simple and efficient protocol to isolate protoplast from Ricinus communis leaves and culture. A PEG-mediated protoplast transfection protocol was also established to introduce plasmid DNA into Ricinus communis genotypes cultivated in Colombia. Thus, strengthening advances in the genetic improvement processes for this crop are presented.
•Consumers seek ‘clean label’ products but categorisation behaviour is under-researched.•90 consumers completed a projective mapping task for ingredients of ‘free from’ foods.•Consumer categorize ...according to type, function and subjective assessment.•Communicational framing of products has some impact on frequency of associations.•Results confirm what companies expect consumers to perceive.
Consumers are said to increasingly assess processed food in terms of whether or not they perceive it to be ‘clean label’ food. This term refers to what is seen as little processed and ‘natural’ or ‘free from’ negatively associated ingredients. However, it is difficult for food producers to predict how the product ingredients will be perceived, and how they should position new products. The present study aimed at exploring how consumers perceive and categorize food ingredients, and testing this under different communication frames. These frames are positioning the product in relation to different consumer choice motives. Potato protein as a replacement for negatively associated ingredients was used a case study. Ninety consumers participated in a projective mapping task in Denmark that consisted of placing and characterising ingredients on a bi-dimensional surface. In a between-subjects design, three groups of consumers had to map the ingredients of four products (dairy-free ice cream, vegetarian candy, plant-based sausage, and a protein drink). In each group products were presented as either sustainable, healthy, or plant-based. The results showed that consumers categorized ingredients in terms of firstly and secondly, objective type of ingredient or its function, and thirdly, subjective individual assessment of its value. Communicational framing had little impact, but ingredient-level differences emerged from the comparison of the frames. Despite product-related differences, a similar pattern emerged for the different food categories. Findings confirm that consumers perceive ingredients according to a ‘known-natural-good’ vs. the opposite category. Implications for food industry are discussed.
Considering the great impact of texture on consumers’ liking of several products, it is important for food companies to understand how consumers describe the texture of food products. The aim of the ...present study was to get an insight on consumers’ texture vocabulary in three different Spanish-speaking countries: Argentina, Spain and Uruguay. A free listing task was carried out in each country with 107–120 consumers. Participants were asked to list all the texture characteristics of food products they knew about. Between 80 and 112 terms were elicited by consumers, comprising mainly words related to texture characteristics of food products. By simultaneously considering frequency of mention and average order of elicited terms, the most familiar texture terms in each country were identified, being the most frequently used texture terms similar. Results from the present work would contribute to a greater knowledge of the vocabulary used by consumers to describe the texture of food products and show the existence of cross-cultural differences in word usage within a same language.
Resumo Introdução O bruxismo é uma condição prevalente e pode ser destrutivo à cavidade bucal, sendo amplamente abordado na Odontologia, especialmente por sua etiologia multifatorial e prevalência ...controversa. Objetivo Este estudo teve o objetivo de investigar a prevalência do autorrelato de bruxismo entre universitários e correlacionar a parafunção com a ansiedade e o estresse autopercebidos Material e método Utilizaram-se o autorrelato de bruxismo, Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) e Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse de LIPP (LIPP) para avaliar a prevalência de bruxismo, ansiedade e estresse, respectivamente. Setecentos e quatorze estudantes de todos os cursos da universidade foram entrevistados, com idade entre 18 e 45 anos. Análises estatísticas descritivas foram realizadas por cálculos de frequências (absolutas e relativas), bem como medidas de tendência central e dispersão (média e desvio padrão). Quanto às análises estatísticas inferenciais, o teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher foi utilizado na comparação de proporções e o teste t de Student ou ANOVA, como critério para comparar médias, todos com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado A prevalência de bruxismo foi 46,92%; houve diferença significante da proporão do bruxismo com a ansiedade estado (p = 0,00) e traço (p ≤ 0,0001) de personalidade. Conclusão Conclui-se que, apesar de o bruxismo não ter prevalecido entre estudantes, um elevado percentual de estudantes afirmou realizar essa atividade repetitiva e a proporção de bruxistas com ansiedade foi relevante, evidenciando a importância desse fator psicológico na fisiopatologia da parafunção.
Abstract Introduction Bruxism is a prevalent condition and can be destructive to the oral cavity, being widely addressed in dentistry, especially due to its multifactorial etiology and controversial prevalence. Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-reported bruxism among university students and to correlate it with self-perceived anxiety and stress. Material and method Self-reported Bruxism, Trait-State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and LIPP Stress Symptoms Inventory (LIPP) were used to assess the prevalence of bruxism, anxiety and stress, respectively. 714 students of all courses of a university were interviewed, they were between 18 and 45 years. Descriptive statistical analyzes performed by calculations of frequencies (absolute and relative), as well as measures of central tendency and dispersion (mean and standard deviation). About inferential statistical analyzes, the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used to compare proportions and the Student t test or ANOVA was a criterion for comparing means, all with a 5% significance level. Result The prevalence for bruxism was 46.92%; there was a significant difference in the proportion of bruxism with state anxiety (p = 0.00) and personality trait (p = <0.0001). Conclusion It is concluded that although bruxism did not prevail among students, a high percentage of students stated to perform this repetitive activity and the proportion of bruxists with anxiety was relevant, showing the importance of this psychological factor in the pathophysiology of parafunction.
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, and 1.2b), type 5 (subtypes 5a, 5b, and 5c), and bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) induce highly, though not fully cross-reactive serological responses. ...Most types and subtypes of these viruses circulate particularly in countries of the southern hemisphere, notably Brazil and Argentina. Therefore, the detection of infected animals is important in defining prevention and control strategies, particularly when flocks are destined for international trade. Identification of infected herds is most often achieved by assays that detect antibodies, such as enzyme immunoassays (ELISAs). However, to date, no ELISA has been evaluated in its capacity to detect antibodies to these alphaherpesviruses. Here, an ELISA was developed to detect antibodies to all currently recognized BoAHV-1, BoAHV-5, and BuAHV-1 types/subtypes, and its sensitivity and specificity were determined. Six hundred bovine sera were screened in serum neutralization tests (SN) against the seven viruses. ELISAs prepared with each of the viruses were compared to SN. Subsequently, a combined assay with multiple antigens LISA was prepared by mixing five viral antigens, chosen for their highest sensitivity in the preparative assays. In comparison to SN, the mAgELISA sensitivity was 96.5% with 96.1% specificity (κ = 0.93; PPV = 95.0%; NPV = 97.3%). The findings reveal that the mAgELISA developed here is highly suitable for the detection of antibodies, comparable in sensitivity and specificity to that of SN when performed with all known types and subtypes of bovine and bubaline alphaherpesviruses.
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