KTM Experimental Complex Project Status Tazhibayeva, I. L.; Azizov, E. A.; Krylov, V. A. ...
Fusion science and technology,
04/2005, Letnik:
47, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A review of KTM experimental complex project status, which is aimed the creation of a Kazakhstani spherical tokamak for study and tests materials and components of future fusion reactors. Revised ...basic parameters of the KTM facility and ground of the changes taking into account new plasma core geometry, new design of vacuum chamber and modified magnetic system, transport sluice and movable divertor devices, and additional RF-heating system are presented here.
The primary proton spectrum in the kinetic energy range 0.2 to 200 GeV was measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during space shuttle flight STS–91 at an altitude of 380 km. The complete ...data set combining three shuttle attitudes and including all known systematic effects is presented.
Leptons in near earth orbit Ambrosi, G.; Ao, L.; Arefiev, A. ...
Physics letters. B,
06/2000, Letnik:
484, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The lepton spectra in the kinetic energy ranges 0.2 to 40 GeV for e
− and 0.2 to 3 GeV for e
+ were measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during space shuttle flight STS–91 at altitudes ...near 380
km. From the origin of the leptons two distinct spectra were observed: a higher energy spectrum and a substantial second spectrum with positrons much more abundant than electrons. Tracing leptons from the second spectra shows that most of these leptons travel for an extended period of time in the geomagnetic field and that the e
+ and e
− originate from two complementary geographic regions.
The world consumption of power in the 21st century is sure to grow considerably, especially in developing countries. Even if the rate of the process, which depends on progress in the world economy, ...population growth, and the trend toward to a more just and uniform distribution of power over the regions of the world, is low, the global consumption of power will virtually double by the middle of the century. Over 80% of the world primary power is obtained from organic fuels. Nuclear power provides about 6% and is chiefly used in developed countries. Renewable sources like biomass are used in some developing countries. Hydraulic power engineering covers about 6% of the world demand for power, and the total contribution of other renewable sources is less than 1%. Mankind possesses power resources sufficient for the 21st century. However, the cost of power will inevitably grow considerably with the exhaustion of various resources and due to growing competition for the remaining ones. Yearly expenditures in the world power industry will grow by a factor of 2.5 - 3 by the middle of the century and the cost of fuels and power will increase by more than 30% according to the most conservative estimates.
The paper describes a high-performance computer network optimized for the transmission of experimental data generated by CERN for potential use by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) network community, ...including the Russian segment of this network. The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) is a global computing infrastructure whose mission is to provide computing resources for storing, distributing and analyzing data generated by the LHC at CERN, making the data equally accessible to all participants, regardless of their physical location. WLCG is a multi-layer distributed computing infrastructure. It provides a community of over 12,200 scientists of 110 nationalities from institutions in over 40 countries with near real-time access to LHC data. WLCG is the world's largest computer network. It is supported by many related national and international networks and projects around the world. Since the beginning of the WLCG Project the Russian computing centers in NRC "Kurchatov Institute" an JINR have participated with reliable and stable resources as well as personnel for the LHC. Contribution to the ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb Tier 1 and Tier 2 computing resources (disk and CPUs) in the last 10 years has been substantial. In this paper, we would like to show the evolution and technical updates in the Russian segment Tier1 and Tier 2. The Russian segment is an infrastructure fully integrated into the WLCG.
Development of industry and agriculture demands a huge fresh water consumption. Exhaust of water sources together with pollution arises a difficult problem of population, industry, and agriculture ...water supply. Request for additional water supply in next 50 years is expected from industrial and agricultural sectors of many countries in the world. The presented study of fusion power plant for water desalination and reuse is aimed to widen a range of possible fusion industrial applications. Fusion offers a safe, long-term source of energy with abundant resources and major environmental advantages. Thus fusion can provide an attractive energy option to society in the next century. Fusion power tokamak reactor based on RF DEMO-S project Proc. ISFNT-5 (2000) in press; Conceptual study of RF DEMO-S fusion reactor (2000) was chosen as an energy source. A steady state operation mode is considered with thermal power of 4.0 GW. The reactor has to operate in steady-state plasma mode with high fraction of bootstrap current. Average plant availability of ∼0.7 is required. A conventional type of water cooled blanket is the first choice, helium or lithium coolants are under consideration. Desalination plant includes two units: reverse osmosis and distillation. Heat to electricity conversion schemes is optimized fresh water production and satisfy internal plant electricity demand The plant freshwater capacity is ∼6 000 000 m
3 per day. Fusion power plant of this capacity can provide a region of a million populations with fresh water, heat and electricity.
A new approach to the organization of data pipelining in cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) and X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) experiments is presented. This approach, based on the progress in ...information technologies (IT) due to the development of containerization techniques, allows one to separate user’s work at the application level from the developments of IT experts at the system and middleware levels. A user must only perform two simple operations: pack application packages in containers and write a workflow with data processing logic in a standard format. Some examples of containerized workflows for Cryo-EM and XFEL experiments on study of the spatial structure of single biological nanoobjects (viruses, macromolecules, etc.) are discussed. Examples of program codes for installing applied packages in Docker containers and examples of applied workflows written in the high-level language CWL are presented at the site of the project. The examples have comments, which may help an IT-inexperienced researcher to gain an idea of how to organize Docker containers and form CWL workflows for Cryo-EM and XFEL data pipelining.
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