Background Risk factors for increased anaphylaxis severity are poorly understood. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been associated with severe anaphylactic reactions in patients ...with hymenoptera venom allergy. Studies evaluating the association between beta-blockers and severe anaphylaxis have been conflicting. Objective To evaluate the association between antihypertensive medication use and increased anaphylaxis severity. Methods We included emergency department anaphylaxis patients aged 18 years and older. Markers of severe anaphylaxis were defined as (1) syncope, hypotension, or hypoxia; (2) signs and symptoms involving 3 or more organ systems; and (3) hospitalization. Antihypertensive medications evaluated included beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, and diuretics. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the association between antihypertensive medication use and markers of increased anaphylaxis severity. Results Among 302 patients with anaphylaxis, 55 (18%) had syncope, hypoxia, or hypotension, 57 (19%) required hospitalization, and 139 (46%) had 3 or more organ system involvement. After adjusting for age, gender, suspected trigger, and preexisting lung disease, beta-blocker, ACE-inhibitor, diuretic, or antihypertensive medication use in aggregate remained associated with both 3 or more organ system involvement and need for hospital admission. The adjusted associations between antihypertensive medication use in aggregate and 3 or more organ system involvement yielded an odds ratio of 2.8 (95% CI, 1.5-5.2; P = .0008) and with hospitalization an odds ratio of 4.0 (95% CI, 1.9-8.4; P = .0001). Conclusions In emergency department anaphylaxis patients, antihypertensive medication use is associated with increased organ system involvement and increased odds of hospital admission, independent of age, gender, suspected trigger, or preexisting lung disease.
The ability of intelligent agents to play games in human-like fashion is popularly considered a benchmark of progress in Artificial Intelligence. In our work, we introduce the first computational ...model aimed at Pictionary, the popular word-guessing social game. We first introduce Sketch-QA, a guessing task. Styled after Pictionary, Sketch-QA uses incrementally accumulated sketch stroke sequences as visual data. Sketch-QA involves asking a fixed question ("What object is being drawn?") and gathering open-ended guess-words from human guessers. We analyze the resulting dataset and present many interesting findings therein. To mimic Pictionary-style guessing, we propose a deep neural model which generates guess-words in response to temporally evolving human-drawn object sketches. Our model even makes human-like mistakes while guessing, thus amplifying the human mimicry factor. We evaluate our model on the large-scale guess-word dataset generated via Sketch-QA task and compare with various baselines. We also conduct a Visual Turing Test to obtain human impressions of the guess-words generated by humans and our model. Experimental results demonstrate the promise of our approach for Pictionary and similarly themed games.
Organismal responses to temperature fluctuations include an evolutionarily conserved cytosolic chaperone machinery as well as adaptive alterations in lipid constituents of cellular membranes. Using ...C. elegans as a model system, we asked whether adaptable lipid homeostasis is required for survival during physiologically relevant heat stress. By systematic analyses of lipid composition in worms during and before heat stress, we found that unsaturated fatty acids are reduced in heat-stressed animals. This is accompanied by the transcriptional downregulation of fatty acid desaturase enzymes encoded by fat-1, fat-3, fat-4, fat-5, fat-6, and fat-7 genes. Conversely, overexpression of the Δ9 desaturase FAT-7, responsible for the synthesis of PUFA precursor oleic acid, and supplementation of oleic acid causes accelerated death of worms during heat stress. Interestingly, heat stress causes permeability defects in the worm's cuticle. We show that fat-7 expression is reduced in the permeability defective collagen (PDC) mutant, dpy-10, known to have enhanced heat stress resistance (HSR). Further, we show that the HSR of dpy-10 animals is dependent on the upregulation of PTR-23, a patched-like receptor in the epidermis, and that PTR-23 downregulates the expression of fat-7. Consequently, abrogation of ptr-23 in wild type animals affects its survival during heat stress. This study provides evidence for the negative regulation of fatty acid desaturase expression in the soma of C. elegans via the non-canonical role of a patched receptor signaling component. Taken together, this constitutes a skin-gut axis for the regulation of lipid desaturation to promote the survival of worms during heat stress.
The uses of magnesium and magnesium alloys in various fields impedes earnestly due to the low corrosion resistant and poor high temperature properties. In this present investigation, the two problems ...has been noticed and solved; firstly immense chemical activity and secondly the Mg alloys chemical activity has been inhomogeneous on its surface. This work tries to solve those problems by superhydrophobic (SHP) layer on AZ91D Mg alloy. The SHP surface on magnesium alloy with an angle of contact for water greater than 150° and a sliding angle lesser than 10° is a excellent water-repelling ability has been obtained. The present results confirm that this form of SHP coating has definite anti-corrosion effect in typical corrosive solution. The presented method is uncomplicated, cost effective, and environmentally friendly and has enormous potential value in the production of a large-scale industry.
The widespread use of interoperability and interconnectivity of computing systems is becoming indispensable for enhancing our day-to-day actions. The susceptibilities deem cyber-security systems ...necessary for assuming communication interchanges. Secure transmission needs security measures for combating the threats and required developments to security measures that counter evolving security risks. Though firewalls were devised to secure networks, in real-time they cannot detect intrusions. Hence, destructive cyber-attacks put forward severe security complexities, requiring reliable and adaptable intrusion detection systems (IDS) that could monitor unauthorized access, policy violations, and malicious activity practically. Conventional machine learning (ML) techniques were revealed for identifying data patterns and detecting cyber-attacks IDSs successfully. Currently, deep learning (DL) methods are useful for designing accurate and effective IDS methods. In this aspect, this study develops an intelligent IDS using enhanced arithmetic optimization algorithm with deep learning (IIDS-EAOADL) method. The presented IIDS-EAOADL model performs data standardization process to normalize the input data. Besides, equilibrium optimizer based feature selection (EOFS) approach is developed to elect an optimal subset of features. For intrusion detection, deep wavelet autoencoder (DWAE) classifier is applied. Since the proper tuning of parameters of the DWNN is highly important, EAOA algorithm is used to tune them. For assuring the simulation results of the IIDS-EAOADL technique, a widespread simulation analysis takes place using a benchmark dataset. The experimentation outcomes demonstrate the improvements of the IIDS-EAOADL model over other existing techniques
Adapting coating material for copper absorber tubes with fins probably plays a significant role, which should have higher absorptance and lower emissivity. This study used FPC heat transfer ...augmentation through an absorber tube integrated with black nickel blended with industrial black matt paint and the coating thickness at 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1 μm made via spray pyrolysis. Based on a thermal mathematical model, heat absorption, heat transfer coefficient, and thermal and exergy efficiency of FPC were estimated, and the results were compared with the non-coating FPC. The excellent coating thickness exhibits a peak absorptance (0.98) and emissivity (0.097), leading to improved heat transfer behaviour, specifically 0.1 μm thin film-coated FPC. Hence, the outlet temperature of the working fluid is approximately 96.1 °C, when utilizing a 0.1 μm thin film coating. It represents the highest outlet temperature observed among the coating conditions and non-coating absorber tubes. The exposure of 0.1 µm thin black nickel coated FPC recorded superior heat absorption and heat transfer coefficient values of 1689W and 140.58 W m
−2
K
−1
. Similarly, the average thermal and exergy efficiency is about 74.3% and 54.9%, respectively, by 0.1 μm thin film coating absorber through higher absorptance and lower emissivity (0.097). Moreover, the 0.1 μm thin film coating exhibits the lowest entropy generation of about 0.00065 W K
−1
. It indicates that, in addition to achieving higher outlet temperatures, the 0.1 μm thin film coating performs more efficiently, minimizing irreversible processes.
Cobranding, the strategy of marketing brands in combination, has received increasing attention from academics and practitioners alike. This study examines two cobranding decisions facing a firm: the ...cobranding structure and the selection of a partner. Propositions rooted in the theories of attribution and categorization posit (a) how the levels of cobranding integration, exclusivity, and duration influence brand evaluation and consideration and (b) how consistency with the partner brand in hedonic attributes, complementarity in functional attributes, and brand breadth moderate the effect of partnership structure. Higher integration or longer duration likely has a greater impact on evaluation and consideration; an exclusive arrangement has a greater effect on evaluation but lowers consideration. For managers, these propositions are directly applicable; the outcomes of brand evaluation and consideration map onto the strategic goals of brand development and market development, respectively.
The wide range of textures that can be generated via wrinkling can imbue surfaces with functionalities useful for a variety of applications including tunable optics, stretchable electronics, and ...coatings with controlled wettability and adhesion. Conventional methods of wrinkle fabrication rely on batch processes in piece-by-piece fashion, not amenable for scale-up to enable commercialization of surface wrinkle-related technologies. In this work, a scalable manufacturing method for surface wrinkles is demonstrated on a cylindrical support using bending-induced strains. A bending strain is introduced to a thin layer of ultraviolet-curable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (UV-PDMS) coated on top of a soft PDMS substrate by wrapping the bilayer around a cylindrical roller. After curing the UV-PDMS and subsequently releasing the bending strain, one-dimensional or checkerboard surface wrinkles are produced. Based on experimental and computational analyses, we show that these patterns form as a result of the interplay between swelling and bending strains. The feasibility of continuous manufacturing of surface wrinkles is demonstrated by using a two-roller roll-to-roll prototype, which paves the way for scalable roll-to-roll processing. To demonstrate the utility of these textures, we show that surface wrinkles produced in this manner enhance the light harvesting and thus efficiency of a solar cell at oblique angles of illumination due to their strong light scattering properties.
The hydrothermal method was used to make the anatase phase of TiO
2
nanoparticles, TiO
2
/La
2
O
3
and TiO
2
/Al
2
O
3
composites. FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis absorption ...spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the crystal structure, shape, and optical characteristics of TiO
2
, TiO
2
/La
2
O
3
and TiO
2
/Al
2
O
3
nanomaterials. The photocatalytic studies were comparatively analyzed by degrading the textile dyes methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV). The degradation process was carried out in both UV light and visible light irradiation. The efficiency achieved by TiO
2
, TiO
2
/La
2
O
3
and TiO
2
/Al
2
O
3
was 87, 95, 45% and 80, 92, 29%, respectively, for MB and CV dye under UV light while under visible light it is 34, 27, 84%, and 29, 24, 81%, respectively, for MB and CV dye.
The anodic dissolution of carbon steel in ammonium chloride (NH
4
Cl) solutions (5, 10, and 20 wt%) is investigated via various electrochemical techniques and other complementary techniques. The ...polarization measurements reveals that the carbon steel is susceptible to general corrosion. The impedance data taken at various overpotentials shows multiple loops, corresponding to capacitance, inductance, and negative capacitance, and the number of time constants observed is also not the same for various NH
4
Cl concentrations. From reaction mechanism analysis, a multi-step reaction mechanism with three adsorbed intermediates and three dissolution paths (one chemical path and two electrochemical paths) is proposed to describe the observed patterns in impedance measurements. The surface coverage of intermediate species and the contribution of chemical reaction and electrochemical reaction to the overall corrosion rate are also estimated from the proposed model. The results obtained from field emission scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy measurements are also reported.
