Consumption of a Western diet during the perinatal period is associated with development of cardiovascular disease. Resistance training (RT) has been used to treat cardiovascular disorders. The aim ...of this work was to assess the effect of RT on cardiometabolic disorders in rats exposed to a Western diet in the perinatal period.
Female Wistar rats were fed with control or Western diet during pregnancy and lactation. The pups were divided into three groups: Control (C), Western Diet Sedentary (WDS) and Western Diet + RT (WDRT). At 60 days of age, all animals started the RT protocol (five times a week for four weeks). At the end, blood pressure was recorded for analysis of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis.
RT reduced blood pressure and vascular sympathetic modulation and increased BRS. There were improvements in biochemical profile, with reductions in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein.
RT led to beneficial adaptations in the cardiovascular system, mediated by changes in the mechanisms of autonomic control and biochemical profile of animals exposed to a Western diet in the perinatal period.
Dexamethasone is the most clinically used glucocorticoid with an established role in the treatment of a wide spectrum of inflammatory-related diseases. While the therapeutic actions are well known, ...dexamethasone treatment causes a number of cardiovascular side effects, which are complex, frequent and, in some cases, clinically unnoticeable. Here, we investigated whether a therapeutic regimen of dexamethasone affects cardiac arrhythmogenesis, focusing on the contribution of Nox-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Male Wistar rats were treated with dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days. Afterward, hemodynamic measurements, autonomic modulation, left ventricular function, cardiac fibrosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Nox protein expression, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, and arrhythmias incidence were evaluated. Here, we show that dexamethasone increases blood pressure, associated with enhanced cardiac and vascular sympathetic modulation. Moreover, a marked increase in the cardiac ROS generation was observed, whereas the enhanced SOD activity did not prevent the higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the dexamethasone group. On the other hand, increased cardiac Nox 4 expression and hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate was observed in dexamethasone-treated rats, while Nox 2 remained unchanged. Interestingly, although preserved ventricular contractility and β-adrenergic responsiveness, we found that dexamethasone-treated rats displayed greater interstitial and perivascular fibrosis than control. Surprisingly, despite the absence of arrhythmias at basal condition, we demonstrated, by in vivo and ex vivo approaches, that dexamethasone-treated rats are more susceptible to develop harmful forms of ventricular arrhythmias when challenged with pharmacological drugs or burst pacing-induced arrhythmias. Notably, concomitant treatment with apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, prevented these ectopic ventricular events. Together, our results reveal that hearts become arrhythmogenic during dexamethasone treatment, uncovering the pivotal role of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases for arrhythmias vulnerability.
•Autonomic imbalance underlies hypertension in dexamethasone-treated rats.•Dexamethasone causes cardiac oxidative stress without ventricular dysfunction.•Dexamethasone-treated rats displayed greater cardiac fibrosis.•Dexamethasone-treated rats have higher incidence of arrhythmias.•Inhibition of NADPH oxidase prevents arrhythmias in dexamethasone-treated rats.
O consumo da dieta ocidental está associado ao surgimento de doenças cardiovasculares. O treinamento de resistência (TR) tem sido utilizado no tratamento destas doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi ...avaliar o efeito do TR sobre as alterações cardiometabólicas na prole de ratas expostas a dieta ocidental no período perinatal.
Ratas Wistar receberam dieta controle ou ocidental durante a gravidez e lactação. Os filhotes foram divididos em três grupos: Controle (C), dieta ocidental sedentário (OCS) e dieta ocidental+TR (OCTR). Aos 60 dias de vida, os animais iniciaram o protocolo de TR realizado cinco vezes por semana durante quatro semanas. Ao fim, foi registrada pressão arterial para análise da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e sensibilidade do barorreflexo (SBR). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para análise bioquímica.
O TR foi capaz de reduzir a pressão arterial, a modulação simpática vascular e aumentar a SBR. Houve melhoria no perfil bioquímico, com redução na glicemia de jejum, colesterol total e lipoproteínas de baixa densidade, além de aumento das lipoproteínas de alta densidade.
O TR promoveu adaptações benéficas ao sistema cardiovascular, mediadas por ajustes nos mecanismos de controle autonômico e perfil bioquímico dos animais expostos à dieta ocidental no período perinatal.
Consumption of a Western diet during the perinatal period is associated with development of cardiovascular disease. Resistance training (RT) has been used to treat cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of RT on cardiometabolic disorders in rats exposed to a Western diet in the perinatal period.
Female Wistar rats were fed with control or Western diet during pregnancy and lactation. The pups were divided into three groups: Control (C), Western Diet Sedentary (WDS) and Western Diet + RT (WDRT). At 60 days of age, all animals started the RT protocol (five times a week for four weeks). At the end, blood pressure was recorded for analysis of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis.
RT reduced blood pressure and vascular sympathetic modulation and increased BRS. There were improvements in biochemical profile, with reductions in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein, and an increase in high‐density lipoprotein.
RT led to beneficial adaptations in the cardiovascular system, mediated by changes in the mechanisms of autonomic control and biochemical profile of animals exposed to a Western diet in the perinatal period.
AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesConsumption of a Western diet during the perinatal period is associated with development of cardiovascular disease. Resistance training (RT) has been used to treat ...cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of RT on cardiometabolic disorders in rats exposed to a Western diet in the perinatal period.MethodsFemale Wistar rats were fed with control or Western diet during pregnancy and lactation. The pups were divided into three groups: Control (C), Western Diet Sedentary (WDS) and Western Diet+RT (WDRT). At 60 days of age, all animals started the RT protocol (five times a week for four weeks). At the end, blood pressure was recorded for analysis of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis.ResultsRT reduced blood pressure and vascular sympathetic modulation and increased BRS. There were improvements in biochemical profile, with reductions in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein.ConclusionRT led to beneficial adaptations in the cardiovascular system, mediated by changes in the mechanisms of autonomic control and biochemical profile of animals exposed to a Western diet in the perinatal period.
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Studies have shown that hormonal, metabolic and nutritional disorders during the early phase of development and/or in the gestation may lead to transitory or permanent structural and ...functional changes of several organs of the offspring. Our aim was to investigate the impact of high fat diet during the gestation and lactation on biochemical parameters in the offspring of rats. High fat diet was given from day 1 of gestation until weaning of puppies. The biochemical evaluation was performed at 30, 60 and 90 days after birth from High Fat Diet dams (HFDD, n= 6) or Normal Diet dams (NDD, n= 6). Animals from HFDD group presented hyperglycemia starting from day 30 (119 ± 1.6 vs 94.03 ± 2 mg/dl, p<0.05) and LDL (45 ± 7 vs 23 ± 4 mg/dl, p<0.05). In the day 60 OHFD showed difference at TAG ( 61 ± 3 vs 51 ± 1 mg/dl, p<0.05), TC ( 98 ± 5 vs 75 ± 2 mg/dl, p<0.05), VLDL ( 13 ± 0.69 vs 10 ± 0.2 mg/dl, p<0.05) and decrease HDL (42 ± 3 vs 61.42 ± 4 mg/dl, p<0.05). These findings suggest that high fat diet during pregnancy and lactation leads dyslipidemia in adult offspring rats.
Support: CNPq, Fapitec and CAPES
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An adequate nutritional support is important to ensure a normal development of the fetuses. Changes in the nutritional support during gestation may lead to transitory or permanent ...structural and functional changes of several organs of the offspring. We aimed to investigate the impact of a high fat diet during the gestation on cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems (ANS) in the offspring of rats. High fat diet was given from day 1 of gestation until weaning of puppies. Sixty‐day‐old offspring from High Fat Diet dams (HFDD, n= 6) or Normal Diet dams (NDD, n= 6) had femoral arteries surgically assessed for the measurements of heart rate (HR), mean (MAP), systolic (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). To investigate the balance of ANS, we established the high (HF) and low frequency (LF) bands of pulse interval (PI) and LF band of SAP spectrum. HFDD had increased MAP (135 ± 2vs 103± 1 mmHg, p<0.05), SAP (160 ± 3 vs 128 ± 4 mmHg, p<0.05), DAP (111 ± 2vs 91 ± 2 mmHg, p<0.05) and HR (417 ± 23 vs 352 ± 8 bpm, p<0.05) when compared to NDD. After spectral analysis of PI and SAP, LF band of SAP spectrum (6.19 ± 0.84 vs 2.29 ± 0.56 mmHg
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, p<0.05) and LF/HF ratio of PI (0.71 ± 0.22 vs 0.14 ± 0.016 p<0.05) was higher in HFDD under spontaneous condition. These findings suggest that high fat diet during pregnancy and lactation leads to autonomic misbalance and hypertension in adult offspring rats.
Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: O consumo da dieta ocidental está associado ao surgimento de doenças cardiovasculares. O treinamento de resistência (TR) tem sido utilizado no tratamento destas ...doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do TR sobre as alterações cardiometabólicas na prole de ratas expostas a dieta ocidental no período perinatal. Métodos: Ratas Wistar receberam dieta controle ou ocidental durante a gravidez e lactação. Os filhotes foram divididos em três grupos: Controle (C), dieta ocidental sedentário (OCS) e dieta ocidental + TR (OCTR). Aos 60 dias de vida, os animais iniciaram o protocolo de TR realizado cinco vezes por semana durante quatro semanas. Ao fim, foi registrada pressão arterial para análise da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e sensibilidade do barorreflexo (SBR). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para análise bioquímica. Resultados: O TR foi capaz de reduzir a pressão arterial, a modulação simpática vascular e aumentar a SBR. Houve melhoria no perfil bioquímico, com redução na glicemia de jejum, colesterol total e lipoproteínas de baixa densidade, além de aumento das lipoproteínas de alta densidade. Conclusão: O TR promoveu adaptações benéficas ao sistema cardiovascular, mediadas por ajustes nos mecanismos de controle autonômico e perfil bioquímico dos animais expostos à dieta ocidental no período perinatal. Abstract: Introduction and objectives: Consumption of a Western diet during the perinatal period is associated with development of cardiovascular disease. Resistance training (RT) has been used to treat cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of RT on cardiometabolic disorders in rats exposed to a Western diet in the perinatal period. Methods: Female Wistar rats were fed with control or Western diet during pregnancy and lactation. The pups were divided into three groups: Control (C), Western Diet Sedentary (WDS) and Western Diet + RT (WDRT). At 60 days of age, all animals started the RT protocol (five times a week for four weeks). At the end, blood pressure was recorded for analysis of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: RT reduced blood pressure and vascular sympathetic modulation and increased BRS. There were improvements in biochemical profile, with reductions in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein, and an increase in high‐density lipoprotein. Conclusion: RT led to beneficial adaptations in the cardiovascular system, mediated by changes in the mechanisms of autonomic control and biochemical profile of animals exposed to a Western diet in the perinatal period. Palavras‐chave: Treinamento de resistência, Sistema nervoso autônomo, Dieta ocidental, Keywords: Resistance training, Autonomic nervous system, Western diet
Introduction: The intrauterine environment is responsible for the development and health of the progeny. Thus, consumption of diets with the western pattern during the perinatal period can cause ...deleterious effects on the fetus with persistent pathological consequences of adolescence and adult life. Objective: To evaluate the supply of a western diet during gestation and lactation, promoting vascular and markers of oxidative stress in offspring of male rats at 60 days of age. Methods: Sixteen male rats and eight male Wistar rats were available for 2 to 3 months. From the determination of pregnancy, a western diet (O = 8, 31% lipids) or control (C = 8, 18% of lipids) was offered until the weaning of the pups. After 60 days of life, rats from the western offspring (PO, n = 34) or control (PC, n = 32) were euthanized, and the thoracic aorta bed (LAT) was removed for the vascular reactivity study. Concentration curves were performed on acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (NPS), phenylephrine (FEN), potassium chloride (KCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) in an isolated organ bath. In addition, the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was measured. Also, intracellular levels of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion were measured in the muscle cells of the thoracic aorta by probes that emit fluorescence in the presence of these substrates (NO and O.-). Values were expressed as the mean ± SEM. Unpaired t-test for the maximum response (Rmax) and sensitivity (Log EC50) values extracted from the vascular reactivity curves. The unpaired t-test for oxidative stress markers was also used, except for NO bioavailability, which was used with Bonferroni post-test Anova one-way. Results: At 60 days, an increase in efficacy (RMax) to phenylephrine in rings without endothelium (PC: 5.78 ± 0.3 vs. PO: 7.7 ± 0.5 * mN / mm) and with endothelium (PC: 4.6 ± 0.4 vs. PO: 6.43 ± 0.4 * mN / mm), to potassium chloride (KCl) in rings with endothelium (PC: 3.89 ± 0.28 vs. PO: 4 (PC: 3,78 ± 0,12 vs PO: 4,82 ± 0,09 mN / mm) and to CaCl2 in rings without endothelium (PC: 5, 7 ± 0.16 vs. PO: 6.75 ± 0.18 mN / mm) and a reduction in efficacy to ACh (PC: 93 ± 3.1 vs. PO: 86 ± 1.8 *% relax) as in Sensitivity (Log EC50) to NPS (PC: 8.5 ± 0.05 vs. PO: 8.2 ± 0.04 *% relax). In addition, the PO presented a lower bioavailability of NO in the basal condition (PC: 1.0 ± 0.03 vs. PO: 0.4 ± 0.01 ua) and stimulated with Ach (PC: 1.46 ± 0, 04 vs. PO: 0.88 ± 0.02 water). In addition, PO presented a higher production of superoxide anion (PC: 1.0 ± 0.06 vs. PO: 2.06 ± 0.13 water) associated with a higher SOD activity (PC: 0.026 ± 0.004 vs. PO : 0.27 ± 0.06 mg / ptn) and a reduction of CAT (PC: 0.021 ± 0.03 vs. PO: 0.08 ± 0.03 mg / ptn). Conclusion: The introduction of a western diet in the perinatal period reduced relaxation and increased contraction of the thoracic aortic bed associated with the reduction of NO bioavailability and elevation of intracellular levels of superoxide anion in the offspring of 60 - day - old male rats.
Introdução: O ambiente intrauterino é responsável pelo desenvolvimento e saúde da progênie. Assim, o consumo de dietas com o padrão ocidental durante o período perinatal pode causar efeitos deletérios no feto com consequências patológicas persistentes da adolescência e vida adulta. Objetivo: Avaliar se à oferta de uma dieta ocidental durante a gestação e a lactação, promove alterações vasculares e nos marcadores do estresse oxidativo da prole de ratos machos com 60 dias de vida. Métodos: Foram utilizadas 16 ratas virgens e 8 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar com 2 a 3 meses. A partir da determinação da prenhez foi oferecida uma dieta ocidental (O = 8, 31% lipídios) ou controle (C = 8, 18% de lipídios) até o desmame dos filhotes. Após 60 dias de vida, os ratos da prole ocidental (PO, n = 34) ou controle (PC, n = 32) foram eutanasiados, e o leito aorta torácico (LAT) foi removido para a realização do estudo de reatividade vascular. Foram realizadas curvas concentração respostas à acetilcolina (ACh), nitroprussiato de sódio (NPS), fenilefrina (FEN), cloreto de potássio (KCl) e cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2) em um banho isolado de órgãos. Além disso, foi mensurada a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT). Também, foram mensurados nas células musculares da aorta torácica os níveis intracelulares do óxido nítrico (NO) e do ânion superóxido através de sondas que emitem fluorescência na presença destes substratos (NO e O.-). Os valores foram expressos como a média ± EPM. Teste t não pareado para os valores da resposta máxima (Rmax) e sensibilidade (Log EC50) extraídos das curvas de reatividade vascular. Foi utilizado também o teste t não pareado para os marcadores do estresse oxidativo com exceção da biodisponibilidade de NO que foi utilizado Anova one way com pós-teste de Bonferroni. Resultados: Aos 60 dias foi observou-se um aumento na eficácia (RMax) à fenilefrina em anéis sem endotélio (PC:5,78±0,3 vs. PO:7.7±0,5* mN/mm) e com endotélio (PC:4,6±0,4 vs. PO:6,43±0,4* mN/mm), ao cloreto de potássio (KCl) em anéis com endotélio (PC: 3,89±0,28 vs. PO:4,64±0,26 mN/mm) e sem endotélio (PC:3,78±0,12 vs. PO:4,82±0,09 mN/mm) e ao CaCl2 em anéis sem endotélio(PC: 5,7 ± 0,16 vs. PO: 6,75 ± 0,18 mN/mm) e uma redução da eficácia à ACh (PC:93±3,1 vs. PO:86±1,8* %relax) como na sensibilidade (Log EC50) ao NPS (PC:8,5±0,05 vs. PO:8,2±0,04* %relax). Além disso, a PO apresentou uma menor biodisponibilidade do NO em condição basal (PC: 1,0 ± 0,03 vs. PO: 0,4 ± 0,01 ua) e estimulados com Ach (PC: 1,46 ± 0,04 vs. PO: 0,88 ± 0,02 ua). Ademais, a PO apresentou uma maior produção do ânion superóxido (PC: 1,0 ± 0,06 vs. PO: 2,06 ± 0,13 ua) associado a uma maior atividade da SOD (PC: 0,026 ± 0,004 vs. PO: 0,27 ± 0,06 mg/ptn) e uma redução da CAT (PC: 0,021 ± 0,03 vs. PO: 0,08 ± 0,03 mg/ptn). Conclusão: A introdução de uma dieta ocidental no período perinatal reduziu o relaxamento e aumentou a contração do leito aórtico torácico associado a redução da biodisponibilidade do NO e elevação nos níveis intracelulares do ânion superóxido na prole de ratos machos com 60 dias de vida.
São Cristóvão, SE
An adequate nutritional support is important to ensure a normal development of the fetuses. Changes in the nutritional support during gestation may lead to transitory or permanent structural and ...functional changes of several organs of the offspring. We aimed to investigate the impact of a high fat diet during the gestation and lactation on anthropometry, cardiovascular, autonomic nervous systems (ANS) and biochemical parameters in the offspring of rats. Wistar rats was used for study. High fat diet was given from day 1 of gestation until weaning of puppies. Anthropometric data of offspring were measured weekly from the 1st postnatal week until the 14th week.Sixty days of life offspring high fat diet group (PH, n= 6) or offspring control (PC, n= 6) had femoral arteries surgically assessed for the measuring of heart rate (HR), mean (MAP), systolic (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). To investigate the balance of ANS, we established the high (HF) and low frequency (LF) bands of pulse interval (PI) and LF band of SAP spectrum. Biochemical evaluation was performed in three periods at 30, 60 and 90 days of life, through the methodology for Doles kits. From the 5th week postnatal the PH group increased the weight (53 ± 1 vs. 50 ± 1, p<0.05) when compared with PC. PH increased MAP (135 ± 2 vs. 103± 1 mmHg, p<0.05), SAP (160 ± 3 vs. 128 ± 4 mmHg, p<0.05), DAP (111 ± 2 vs. 91 ± 2 mmHg, p<0.05) and HR (417 ± 23 vs. 352 ± 8 bpm, p<0.05) when compared to PC. After spectral analysis of PI and SAP, LF band of SAP spectrum (6.19 ± 0.84 vs. 2.29 ± 0.56 mmHg2, p<0.05) and LF/HF ratio of PI (0.71 ± 0.22 vs. 0.14 ± 0.016 p<0.05) was higher in PH under spontaneous condition. PH presented hyperglycemia starting from day 30 (116.2± 1 vs 97.3 ± 3 mg/dL, p<0.05) and LDL (45 ± 7 vs 28 ± 4 mg/dL, p<0.05). In the day 60 PH showed difference at TAG (64.6 ± 2 vs 49 ± 1 mg/dL, p<0.05), CT (86 ± 2 vs 68 ± 2 mg/dL, p<0.05), VLDL ( 14 ± 1 vs 10 ± 1 mg/dL, p<0.05) and decrease HDL (38 ± 3 vs 55 ± 3 mg/dL , p<0.05), when compared with PC. These findings suggest that high fat diet during pregnancy and lactation leads to autonomic misbalance, dyslipidemia and hypertension in adult offspring rats.
Um suporte nutricional adequado é importante para garantir o desenvolvimento normal dos fetos. Alterações nutricionais durante o período perinatal podem levar a alterações funcionais e estruturais em vários órgãos da prole. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o impacto de uma dieta hiperlipidíca durante a gestação e a lactação na antropometria, sistema nervoso autonômico (SNA) e, cardiovascular e parâmetros bioquímicos da prole. Foram utilizadas 12 ratas (220 250 g) com 2 a 3 meses da linhagem Wistar. A partir da determinação da prenhez foi oferecida uma dieta hiperlipídica ou controle até o desmame dos filhotes. Os dados antropométricos da prole foram aferidos semanalmente a partir da 1ª semana pós-natal até a 14ª semana. Com 60 dias de vida, os ratos da prole hiperlipídica (PH, n = 6), ou controle (PC, n = 6), foram submetidos a processo cirúrgico para introdução de uma cânula na artéria femoral, para a mensuração da frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial média (PAM), sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) e sensibilidade espontânea do barorreflexo (BRS). Para investigar o controle autonômico, foram estabelecidas as bandas alta frequência (HF) e baixa frequência (LF) do intervalo de pulso (IP) e a banda LF da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS). A avaliação bioquímica foi realizada em períodos distintos aos 30, 60 e 90 dias de vida, através da metodologia dos kits da DOLES. A PH apresentou maior peso corporal a partir da 5° semana pós natal ( 53 ± 1 vs 50 ± 1 g, p<0.05). A PAM foi maior quando comparado com a PC (135 ± 2 vs 103± 1 mmHg, p<0,05), PAS (160 ± 3 vs 128 ± 4 mmHg, p<0,05), PAD (111 ± 2 vs 91 ± 2 mmHg, p<0,05) e a FC (417 ± 23 vs 352 ± 8 bpm, p<0,05), quando comparados com o grupo PC. Após análise espectral do IP e PAS, a banda LF da PAS (6,19 ± 0.84 vs 2,29 ± 0,56 mmHg2, p<0,05) e a relação LF/HF do IP (0,71 ± 0,22 vs 0,14 ± 0,016 p<0,05) foi maior na PH sob condições espontâneas. A PH apresentou elevação nos níveis plasmáticos da glicemia a partir 30° dia de vida (116,2± 1 vs 97,3 ± 3 mg/dL, p<0,05) e na lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-C) (45 ± 7 vs 28 ± 4 mg/dL, p<0,05) quando comparado com o controle. A partir do dia 60° dia de vida a PH aumentou os níveis séricos de triacilglicerol (TAG) (64,6 ± 2 vs 49 ± 1 mg/dL, p<0,05), colesterol total (CT) (86 ± 2 vs 68 ± 2 mg/dL, p<0,05), lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade (VLDL) ( 14 ± 1 vs 10 ± 1 mg/dL, p<0,05) e redução nos níveis séricos de lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) (38 ± 3 vs 55 ± 3 mg/dL , p<0,05) quando comparados com a PC. Esses achados sugerem que uma dieta hiperlipidíca durante o período perinatal ocasiona um desequilíbrio autonômico, dislipidemia e hipertensão na prole adulta.
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