Building from the nascent debate pertaining to the internationalization trajectories followed by EMNCs, this article proposes to better understand behaviors of multinational companies from emerging ...markets (EMNCs). A database containing the complete internationalization trajectory of 110 firms was created to analyze sequence patterns. Optimal matching technique helped us to build a taxonomy of seven distinct sequence patterns (serial acquirers, late acquirers, sequential acquirers, contractual internationalizers, collaborative internationalizers, opportunistic internationalizers, wholly owned internationalizers). Our findings partially confirm previous works pertaining to the internationalization process of EMNCs and shed a light on atypical behaviors which have not been studied yet. These findings allow us to obtain new insights, deepening our understanding of theories depicting how EMNCs behave such as springboard theory and the Linkage Leverage Learning framework. We also provide recommendations to MNC managers and for public policy.
Cet article propose une analyse bibliométrique du champ des stratégies au bas de la pyramide (BoP) fondée sur 364 articles citants issus de la plateforme Web of Science fournissant une base de 15 292 ...références. Différents outils sont mobilisés, pour mettre en évidence la structure du champ BoP d’une part, et pour identifier les tendances du front de recherche d’autre part. Six groupes structurant le champ émergent des analyses, chacun mettant en évidence un courant de recherche, et cinq tendances rythment les recherches actuelles sur le BoP. Ces analyses permettent de proposer quatre perspectives pour le futur du management international.
Les multinationales émergentes (EMNE) sont souvent considérées comme des firmes à l’internationalisation accélérée, « en sens inverse » des modèles classiques. Dans le cadre conceptuel de la théorie ...de l’internationalisation incrémentale, cet article analyse les chemins d’internationalisation de 110 EMNE. Il propose une typologie nouvelle et complète des chemins d’internationalisation - prudent, méthodique, explorateur, intrépide - qui dépasse la distinction binaire entre approches classique et moderne. Les résultats rendent compte de la diversité des trajectoires d’internationalisation des EMNE. Un croisement avec certaines caractéristiques des firmes, permet d’identifier des spécificités liées aux pays d’origine des EMNE ainsi qu’à l’effet du contexte des années 2000.
L’émergence de l’Afrique sur la scène internationale questionne les choix de localisation sur ce territoire. À partir du modèle d’Uppsala et de la théorie de l’apprentissage organisationnel, ...l’article interroge le rôle de l’expérience de la firme et l’influence du résultat d’une première localisation, sur la décision d’une deuxième. L’étude d’une PME française montre qu’une base expérientielle solide et importante conduit à poursuivre et étendre géographiquement les implantations. Nos résultats renforcent la pertinence du modèle des aspirations organisationnelles et tendent à confirmer qu’un succès initial limite le développement de connaissances locales en encourageant les décideurs à simplifier le processus de décision.
L'objectif de la recherche est de questionner le comportement des firmes multinationales issues de pays émergent (FMNE) lors de leur première acquisition majoritaire à l'international. En effet, ...devenue un phénomène d'ampleur mondial, l'internationalisation de ces firmes du Sud représente une nouveauté, une menace, mais également une opportunité dans le paysage économique mondial. Notre étude teste empiriquement les théories classiques du management international pensées pour les firmes du Nord (FMN) selon des méthodes quantitatives appliquées à un échantillon unique de 504 FMNE issues de la base de données SDC Platinum. Les résultats montrent qu'il existe trois catégories de FMNE influencées par les attributs du pays cibles, leur expérience d'acquisition internationale et leur réseau d'affaires étendu. En revanche, ces mêmes entreprises ne sont influencées ni par les attributs de leur pays domestique ni par leur expérience d'acquisition domestique ni par leur réseau d'affaires proche. Ces résultats éclairent ainsi les connaissances du champ des FMNE en confirmant certaines études dans la littérature tout en en contredisant d'autres. Ce travail de recherche précise donc un ensemble de connaissances scientifiques relatives au phénomène des FMNE et cristallise les réponses aux questionnements du champ à travers l'étude empirique des acquisitions majoritaires à l'international.
The research aims to investigate the emerging multinationals' (EMNE) behaviour through their first international acquisition. Indeed, because of the scope and scale of this international phenomenon, the internationalization of these firms portrayed a novelty, a threat, and an opportunity in the worldwide landscape as well. Our study tests empirically the international management theories basically thought for firms from industrialized economies (MNE) according to quantitative methodologies applied on a unique sample of 504 EMNE from SDC platinum database. The results find three EMNE groups influenced by target-country characteristics, international acquisition experience and extensive network. However, these same firms are not influenced by domestic-country characteristics, their domestic acquisition experience and their close network. These results highlight the field both in corroborate some studies and refute others. This research finally clarifies a set of scientific knowledge related to the EMNE phenomenon through an empirical study of the international acquisitions.
This study aims to compare the tribological properties of classical hard anodisation (HA) and a ground micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating. Analysis on MAO showed that its hardness and elastic modulus ...are around three times greater than HA. Wear tests were evaluated using a linearly reciprocating ball-on-flat using alumina balls. The HA coating did not withstand the test. The substrate was severely degraded. MAO coating wear rate is 3.1 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1. It is 22 times lower than that on HA coating. Energy dissipated calculation showed that 26 kJ is needed to remove 1 mm3 of materials from MAO tribocouple. Conversely, only 0.7 kJ is needed to remove 1 mm3 from HA tribocouple.
•Ground MAO coating is made of α−, γ−alumina, aluminosilicate and amorphous silica;•Ground MAO mechanical properties are about three times higher than those of the HA coating;•The best wear resistance condition on was the ground MAO coating.
Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) are extensively studied for their relevance in human medical research. Despite being critically endangered in the wild, they have gained popularity as household pets. ...Although they have been kept in captivity for over a century, detailed descriptions of their coelomic organ anatomy remain limited. Also, this species exhibits significant variations compared to other amphibians. Ultrasound is a non-invasive and painless medical imaging technique, ideally suited for investigating internal organs or structures. This study focused on describing the ultrasound appearance of the axolotl coelomic cavity. It details the identification, localization and parenchymal description of major organs in 28 neotenic axolotls using ultrasound frequencies ranging from 7 to 15 MHz. The accuracy of the results was validated by comparing ultrasound findings with necropsy results from one male and one female axolotl. The heart, lung surface, liver and reproductive tracts were visualized. Measurements, along with confidence intervals, were calculated for the spleen, kidneys, testicles, gastric wall, gallbladder, and pylorus. Occasional detection of hyperechoic millimetric particles in the gallbladder or ascites was noted. However, visualization of the pancreas and bladder was not possible. This research outcomes involve the development of a comprehensive atlas comprising images obtained throughout the study. Additionally, the experiment established a reproducible and readily accessible protocol for conducting anatomy-morphological assessments in axolotl medicine. This protocol stands as a crucial preliminary stage before advancing to lesion identification.
Intussusception diagnosis and surgical management in axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) is poorly documented.
A client-owned, 5-year-old, sexually intact, female axolotl was presented for hyporexia of ...4-week duration associated with regurgitation after feedings. Clinical examination showed lethargy, weight loss, and firm tissue at coelomic palpation. Coelomic ultrasonography was consistent with an intestinal intussusception. An exploratory coeliotomy was performed, followed by an intestinal resection and anastomosis of a thickened portion of intestinal loop. Following surgical excision of the invaginated intestinal loops, anorexia was not resolved, and the axolotl died 4 days later. A necropsy revealed a serofibrinous coelomitis. Histopathology confirmed the presence of an obstructive mass in the resected portion of the intestines.
This report describes an intussusception diagnosis and attempted treatment in an axolotl. Ultrasonography in axolotls with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms is recommended for evaluation of the coelomic organs.
PDF
