Rad donosi nove podatke iz muzejsko-arhivske dokumentacije Zavičajnog muzeja Varaždinske Toplice, važne za predstavljanje i stručnu interpretaciju očuvanih šuta i prališča u centru kulturno-povijesne ...i zaštićene jezgre grada Varaždinskih Toplica, koje su danas jedan od glavnih simbola bogate lječilišne povijesti.
Sumporna
termalna voda, od prapovijesti do danas, jedan je od iskonskih i najznačajnijih simbola, ali i glavni pokretač ekonomskog razvoja Varaždinskih Toplica. Upravo element termalne ljekovite vode prisutan je u očuvanoj kulturno-povijesnoj jezgri grada na svakom koraku u arhitektonskom obliku, ali i funkciji raznih povijesnih zgrada, a posebno u specifičnom obliku građevinskog, ambijentalnog, tradicijsko-balneološkog otiska u vidu zanimljive balneološke arhitekture tzv. šuta i prališča. U obje topličke povijesne zone u tzv. „ Gornjem“ i „ Donjem mjestu“ gdje se danas specifični objekti nalaze i još uvijek su u upotrebi, a od pamtivijeka zauzimali su u memoriji Topličanaca posebno važno mjesto, ne samo zbog mogućnosti slobodnog pristupa korištenju i uzimanju termalne vode za svakodnevnu upotrebu, već i kao posebne kultne zone zone susreta, druženja i razmjene informacija.
Tijek
om provedenog istraživanja teme od 2022. - 2023. godine, u zbirkama i dokumentaciji topličkog Muzeja došlo se do spoznaje kako se tijekom godina uspjela sakupiti važna muzejska baza raznih povijesnih, tradicijskih, arhitektonskih, balneoloških,
ali i konzervatorsko- restauratorskih podataka koji mogu uvelike doprinijeti
boljem poznavanju, ali i interpretaciji, te nužnoj popularizaciji specifične kulturno-
povijesne baštine Varaždinskih Toplica.
Ovaj rad stoga ima osnovni cilj prikazati čitateljima stručne informacije o topličkim
šutama i prališčima jer kako nam je poznato do sada na spomenutu temu
nije bio objavljen niti jedan stručni rad koji bi u potpunosti publici predstavio topličke
objekte vezane uz korištenje ljekovite termalne vode. Potrebno je istaknuti,
kako svi povijesno-lječilišni objekti danas termalnu vodu dobivaju iz srca antičkog
rimskog naselja Aquae Iasae, iz očuvanog rimskog kaptažnog bazena u sklopu kojeg
se termalna voda temperature 58 °C prirodno skuplja, te hladi na otvorenom
prostoru na identičan način kao i u antici korištenjem zračnih struja. To je tek drugi
takav poznati arheološki primjer očuvanog u potpunosti funkcionalnog bazena za
sakupljanje i hlađenje ljekovite vode iz antičke arheologije.
U radu se po prvi puta donose vrijedni povijesni i novi baštinski podaci, ali i druge
muzejske zanimljive znanstvene spoznaje do kojih se provedenim istraživanjem
došlo u dokumentaciji Zavičajnog muzeja Varaždinske Toplice, Specijalne bolnice
za medicinsku rehabilitaciju Varaždinske Toplice i službenoj arhivi Grada Varaždinske
Toplice.
Prema izvorima kojima raspolažemo, u kupalištu Varaždinske Toplice nakon Prvog svjetskog rata u novoj državi, Kraljevini Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca dolazi do značajnih promjena s obzirom na liječenje, ...zbrinjavanje invalida i članova njihovih obitelji, zbog čega se događa niz reformi u funkcioniranju Saveza kupališta, banja, lječilišta, ljetovališta, mineralnih voda i sanatorija. Osjeća se sve veći pritisak različitih državnih institucija na ovo kupalište da se precizno i redovito vodi dokumentacija i ažuriraju statistički podatci vezani uz djelovanje kupališta, smještaj ratnih invalida i članova njihovih obitelji te uvažavanje njihovih prava. Dokumenti potvrđuju da većina invalida nije poštivala pravila vezana uz smještaj u ovom kupalištu pa je često dolazilo do problema. Vrijeme je to poslije Prvog svjetskog rata, kad se još uvijek osjeća nedostatak nekih prehrambenih artikala, ali i osiromašenost Topličana. Posebnu zanimljivost u radu predstavlja istraživanje bogate arhive zagrebačkog Kaptola, koju čuva Zavičajni muzej Varaždinske Toplice, a ovom se prilikom prvi put objavljuje, s ciljem da se učine dostupnim upravno-pravni postupci koje su vodili ratni invalidi, udovice i siročad za vrijeme Velikog rata i nakon njega. Suočeni smo s činjenicom da su postupci dokazivanja prava bili dugotrajni te se do pozitivnog ili negativnog rješenja na pravo uživanja invalidske potpore dolazilo nakon višegodišnjih neizvjesnosti. U tim dugim upravno-pravnim postupcima bilo je primjera da su nakon desetak godina neki nasljednici invalidskih prava preminuli, dok su drugi postupke izgubili.
After the First World War significant changes occurred in treatment and care for the disabled and their family members in the Varaždinske Toplice baths, as, according to the available sources, numerous disabled persons were treated in these baths at the time of the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Alongside many other changes and novelties in the new state, there were also changes in the Association of bathing resorts, baths, spas, summer resorts, mineral waters and sanatoria. Increasing pressure from various state institutions was being exerted on this bathing resort, whether it was in regard to documentation related to the activities of the bathing resort, to statistical data, or to the accommodation of those disabled in war and their family members and the rights they were entitled to. It is true, as evidenced by the documents, that most disabled persons did not follow the rules related to the accommodation in this bathing resort, so problems often occurred. It was the aftermath of World War I when the lack of certain food items as well as the impoverishment of the local population were still being felt. Of special interest in this work is the research of the rich archives of Zagreb’s Kaptol (the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb) which have been stored in the Varaždinske Toplice Local History Museum and published for the first time with the aim to make public the administrative and legal proceedings brought by the war-disabled, widows and orphans during and after the Great War. We are confronted by the facts showing the length of time needed to obtain a positive or a negative decision in regard to receiving support for the disabled. During these lengthy administrative and legal proceedings there were examples of some disability rights heirs even dying after a period of about ten years, while others tried to extort their rights and lost the proceedings.
Rad donosi nove podatke iz arhivske dokumentacije važne za razumijevanje izvora
slane vode kod Slanog potoka (kraj Stubice) i dva izvora slane vode sela Slanje (kraj Varaždinskih
Toplica). Kako je ...sol od uvijek do danas imala važnu ulogu u prehrani ljudi i životinja
te u raznim epohama razvoja ljudske civilizacije, osigurala je velik utjecaj u raznim
kulturama diljem svijeta. Podaci u radu imaju osnovni cilj pridonijeti boljem poznavanju
zaboravljenih izvora slane vode Slanja. U kronološkom slijedu dan je presjek događaja
koji su vezani uz istraživanje izvora vode kraj Slanja tzv. Slanca, a prikazuju se po prvi
puta i povijesno vrijedne skice navedenih lokaliteta koje je izradio Alojz Rikard Schmiedt
(1804.-1899.).
Tijekom provedenog istraživanja 2018., kada je otkrivena navedena arhivska dokumentacija
u Hrvatskom državnom arhivu u Zagrebu, ista je bila temelj, ali i poticaj
za nova terenska istraživanja na lokalitetu Slanje. S obzirom da su vremenom navedeni
izvori vode pali u zaborav i sada se nalaze u zapuštenom stanju, ovaj rad ima također cilj
skrenuti pozornost stručnjaka na njihovu vrijednost i važnost u potrebi izrade nove interpretacije,
valorizacije i popularizacije kao posebne grane geološke baštine Republike
Hrvatske. U radu se donose i ostali vrijedni povijesni podaci za navedeno područje, ali i
druge nove znanstvene spoznaje do kojih se istraživanjem došlo.
The paper presents new data on the discovery of historical documentation important for understanding the saltwater source near Slani potok near Stubica and two saltwater sources near the village of ...Slanje near Varaždinske Toplice. As salt has played a very important role in human and animal nutrition since time immemorial and in various epochs of human civilization has had a great influence in various cultures around the world. In chronological order, a cross-section of events related to the research of the water source Slanja, the so-called Slanca, and for the first time historical very valuable sketches of the mentioned localities made by Alojz Rikard Schmiedt are shown. During the research conducted in 2018, when the aforementioned archival documentation was discovered in the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb, it was the new basis for the conducted field research at the aforementioned Slanje site. Given that over time these water sources have fallen into oblivion and are now in a state of disrepair, they are no longer used, this paper therefore has the main goal to draw the attention of experts to their value and importance in the need for new interpretation, valorization and popularization of special branch of geological heritage of the Republic of Croatia which is today located in the area of Varaždin County. The paper also presents other valuable historical data for this area, as well as other new scientific knowledge gained through research.
The work brings to light the discovery of five late Roman fragments of frescoes discovered during a protective archaeological survey on brothers Radić street in Varaždinske Toplice. Particular ...attention was paid to the work of conservation and restoration analysis of the discovered murals, as well as to the new discovery of the perserved architectural part of the partially perserved Roman walls at the location of brothers Radić street in Varaždinske Toplice. The text also gives an overview of the newly discovered movable archaeological material that was saved by the works at the specified location. A particularly valuable and interesting ancient building structure was discovered at the house number 5, 7 and 8. The conducted field research has confirmed that it represents a new preserved important segment of the Roman wall and floor structure with preserved parts that still have a Roman plaster and hypocustic system. The discovered ancient structure was very likely in antiquity an important architectural segment of the widely known ancient settlement Aquae Iasae whose original remains are located today near the aforementioned street location in a nearby city park in the center of Varaždinske Toplice. This paper presents the latest conservation, restoration and archeological data related to the historical urban fabric of the ancient period, which have been preserved under the existing recent residential-architecture of Varaždinske Toplice.
This paper gives an overview of activities of the Regional Museum Varaždinske Toplice in European cross-border project acronyms ‘‘The Birth of Europe“ in the development of cultural tourism ...Varaždinske Toplice held a round table on March 13 in Varaždinske Toplice called ‘‘Aquae Iasae and projects of the European Union“ organized by the Croatian Academy of sciences and arts - Institute for scientific research work in Varaždin and Regional Museum Varaždinske Toplice.
While carrying out work in 2013 for the renovation of the interior of the Church of Bishop St. Martin in Varaždinske Toplice, and during the work to dismantle an old stone slab, valuable ...archaeological data in part of the main sanctuary and the side-chapel was discovered. As stated in the title of this work, we present the findings on two crypts from this church. Since little has been written until now on this topic, and it also represents a rarity in the professional literature, we are providing the most recent data, which will probably interest the profession and, we assume, a wider circle of readers.
During the archaeological inspection, it was established that the opened crypt was built of stone with a beautifully shaped arch and an earthen floor. A high degree of moisture could be felt in the air, which also had an effect on the condition of the wooden coffins, sepulchral ornamentations, artistic decorations, etc. that were revealed. It was established that the coffins in the interior were divided into two groups. One group (on the left side) was comprised of coffins in which the deceased men and women were lay people, which can be concluded from the partially preserved clothing, and who were probably members of the wealthier social class. Based on the degree of preservation of the hair and the hairstyles it was possible to determine if they were male or female. The second group was comprised of deceased buried in wooden coffins who were identified as members of the church based on the preserved clothing (robes). In addition to these groups of coffins, there is also a partitioned area of the crypt of sufficient size for the burial of one coffin. We are assuming that Isidor Hochreiter is buried here. Hochreiter was a senior church official and a canon of the Zagreb metropolitan see who was born on 10 December 1784 and died at “Jaziška Toplica” on 28 August 1858. We corroborated this assumption by the panel above the tomb that is located above the crypt of the side-chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows. From the text on the panel we learn that the friars Ambrosius and Bartholomew had this tomb monument (a relief panel) installed, and from the signature that is legible on the panel we are assuming that it is the work of Master Hanke of Graz.
In addition to information written in Croatian that is legible on wooden fragments of the coffins of two women, one can read 1848 and 1859, which leads us to the connection with the panel above the tomb of Isidor Hochreiter and the year of his death.
The work is analogous to conservation-restoration works being carried out at the Church of St. Mark in Zagreb and in the Cathedral of St. Theresa of Ávila in Požega. By this analysis, we succeeded in identifying the many similarities in the archaeological finds of the three sacral buildings, but we were also able to establish their differences
This paper offers a detailed overview of conservation and restoration works on the antic relief with a three-nymph motif uncovered during excavations in 2006 in the area of the forum, within the ...confines of the Roman collection pool on the Aquae Iasae site in Varaždinske Toplice. Regarding the most upto- date archaeological research during the past few years, we should especially like to emphasize the individuality and the uniqueness of this site due to the geo-archaeological layer of the therapeutic mud called fango and the presence of thermal waters reaching 58°C. It is a fact that the research performed within the confines of the Roman collection pool is unique in Croatia but also the world, as are the means and the methods used in order to obtain archaeological finds on the site in question. It is well know that archaeological works of this nature have not been performed in Croatia; therefore, said works represent a pioneering undertaking of sorts. Faced with complex conditions, on 16 November 2006, a 90 x 59 cm marble slab was discovered depicting nymphs – protectors of the thermal spring. When unearthed, the slab was initially covered with the therapeutic mud fango or peloid; therefore, therapeutic water was used to clean the slab. All details characteristically found in the fantasy-and- mythology water world were present on the slab. In addition to the three nymphs, the relief shows (symbols of ) dolphins, urns, reeds, bay-leaf wreaths, water, and the entire slab is framed with spiral edges and a laurel garland. The find dates back to the 2nd or 3rd century. After the initial cleaning, the slab was treated for salt reduction in order to prepare conditions for conservation and restoration works. Detailed examination and reattachment of fragments that have broken away, as well as all necessary conservation and restoration works on this find were performed by Jenny Pfeifruck. Best and most effective conservation and restoration procedures were used in order to prepare this valuable find for its future place in a museum. Thanks to geological and archaeological layers at this unique site, we can report extraordinary good condition, i.e. conservation of the unearthed relief slab, as proven by the performed geologic analyses of the uncovered Roman pool layers.
Rad donosi pregled djelovanja Zavičajnog muzeja Varaždinske Toplice u Europskom prekograničnom projektu akronima ‘‘Rođenje Europe“ u funkciji razvoja kulturnog turizma Varaždinskih Toplica s održanog ...okruglog stola 13. ožujka u Varaždinskim Toplicama pod nazivom ‘‘Aquae Iasae i projekti Europske unije“ u organizaciji Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti – Zavod za znanstveni rad Varaždin i Zavičajnog muzeja Varaždinske Toplice.
Tijekom izvođenja građevinskih radova 2013. godine pri uređenju unutrašnjosti
Crkve sv. Martina Biskupa u Varaždinskim Toplicama, a prilikom radova demontaže
starog kamenog opločenja došlo se do ...vrijednih arheoloških podataka u dijelu glavnog
svetišta i bočne kapele.Vezano uz naslov ovog rada donosimo nalaze o otkriću dviju
kripta u topličkoj Crkvi. Kako je do sada o ovoj temi malo pisano, a predstavlja i u
stručnoj literaturi rijetkost, podstiremo najnovije podatke koji će vjerojatno zanimati
prije svega struku, a pretpostavljamo i širi krug čitatelja.
Za vrijeme arheološkog nadzora utvrđeno je da je otvorena kripta građena od kamena
s lijepo oblikovanom boltom i zemljanim podom. Osjećala se visoka prisutnost
vlage u zraku što se odrazilo i na stanje zatečenih drvenih lijesova, grobnih priloga,
likovnih dekoracija i dr. Utvrđeno je, da su lijesovi u unutrašnjosti položeni u dvije skupine.
Jednu (na lijevoj strani) skupinu čine drveni lijesovi u kojoj su pokojnici ženskog
i muškog spola civili, što se moglo zaključiti po djelomično sačuvanim odjevnim predmetima,
najvjerojatnije pripadnici bogatijeg topličkog staleža. Po sačuvanosti kose i
frizure moglo se determinirati da li se radi o muškarcima ili ženama. Drugu skupinu
pokojnika čine pokojnici sahranjeni u drvenim lijesovima za koje je utvrđeno da su
pripadnici crkvenih redova što je dokazano na temelju sačuvane odjeće (mantije). Uz
tu skupinu lijesova nalazi se i pregrađeni dio kripte dovoljne veličine za ukop jednog
lijesa. Pretpostavljamo da je ovdje ukopan Isidor Hochreiter crkveni dostojanstvenik,
kanonik metropolije zagrebačke, rođen 10. prosinca 1784., a preminuo u “Jaziškim
Toplicama“ 28. kolovoza 1858. godine. Tu pretpostavku potkrepljujemo nadgrobnom
pločom koja se nalazi iznad kripte bočne kapele Žalosne Majke Božje. Iz teksta na ploči
doznajemo da su nadgrobni spomenik (reljefnu ploču) dali postaviti fratri Ambrozije
i Bartolomej, a u potpisu čitljivom na ploči pretpostavljamo da je istu izradio majstor
Hanke iz Graca.
Prema pisanim podacima (hrvatski jezik) koji su čitljivi na drvenim fragmentima
lijesova dviju ženskih osoba mogu se pročitati 1849. i 1858. godina, što dovodimo u
vezu s nadgrobnom pločom Isidora Hochreitera i njegovom godinom smrti.
Rad donosi analogiju s konzervatorsko-restauratorskim radovima provedenima u
Crkvi sv. Marka u Zagrebu i radovima u Katedrali sv. Terezije Avilske u Požegi. Tom
analizom uspjelo se doći do brojnih podudaranja u arheološkim nalazima spomenuta
tri sakralna objekta, a utvrđene su i razlike.
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