A collection of 45 serologically distinct strains of Morganella morganii from several European countries was typed by morganocin production (p) and sensitivity (s). This permitted their ...differentiation into 33 morganocin p/s types; 15 new types of morganocin and one new morganocin sensitivity type were found and are defined. Morganocin production and sensitivity characteristics appeared to be unrelated to the O and H antigens of the strain. The finest strain recognition in M. morganii might be achieved by a combination of bacteriocin and serotyping methods.
A new, simple and stable method for typing Morganella morganii strains is described. The 150 strains examined, principally from faeces, contained haemolytic and non-haemolytic representatives of ...diverse O serogroup, bacteriocin type and biotype. Among the biotypes were some trehalose-fermenting, tetracycline-resistant strains and some non-motile, tetracycline-sensitive, glycerol fermenters. After analysis of cell lysates by sodium dodecyl sulphate-discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, strains could be differentiated into 21 types on the basis of outer membrane proteins (OMP) of 35-40 Kda. The OMP profile was not altered by culture on various common media and was unrelated to either O antigen or morganocin p-type. The finest strain recognition in M. morganii can be achieved by application of all three distinct typing methods.
The paper deals with the parameter identification of nonlinear dynamic systems with input saturation and output backlash using three-block cascade models. Multiple application of a decomposition ...technique provides special formulas for the corresponding nonlinear model description that are linear in parameters. A least-squares-based iterative technique allows estimation of all the model parameters based on measured input/output data. Examples of three-block cascade system identification illustrate the feasibility of proposed method.
We present a large set of vertical excitation calculations for the ortho‐nitrobenzaldehyde (oNBA) molecule, which exhibits a very challenging excited‐state electronic structure like other ...nitroaromatic compounds. The single‐reference methods produce mostly consistent results up to about 5.5 eV. By contrast, the CAS second‐order perturbation theory (CASPT2) results depend sensitively on the employed parameters. At the CAS self‐consistent field level, the energies of the bright ππ* states are strongly overestimated while doubly excited states appear too low and mix with these ππ* states. This mixing hampers the CASPT2 step, leading to inconsistent results. Only by increasing the number of states in the state‐averaging step to about 40—to cover all bright ππ* states embedded in the double excitations—and employing extended multistate CASPT2 could CASPT2 results consistent with experiment be obtained. We assign the four bands in the molecule's spectrum: The weakest band at 3.7 eV arises from the nNO2π* states, the second one at 4.4 eV from the ππ* (Lb) state, the shoulder at 5.2 eV from the ππ* (La) state, and the maximum at 5.7 eV from the ππ* (Ba/Bb) states. We also highlight the importance of modern wave function analysis techniques in elucidating the absorption spectrum of challenging molecules.
We present vertical excitation calculations for the oNBA molecule at different levels of theory. We show that correlated single‐reference methods produce consistent results and can describe the bright states adequately, whereas CASPT2 calculations require special attention concerning the number of included states and (extended) multistate treatment. Based on the results, we can assign the entire UV/Vis absorption spectrum.
An approach to modeling and identification of nonlinear cascade systems with a linear dynamic system and an output hysteresis is presented. The proposed mathematical model is based on the application ...of the key term separation principle and a special form of Coleman–Hodgdon hysteresis model. A least-squares based iterative algorithm with internal variable estimation is used for the cascade systems parameter identification. The feasibility of proposed approach is demonstrated on illustrative examples.
Scale Sizes of Magnetosheath Jets Plaschke, Ferdinand; Hietala, Heli; Vörös, Zoltan
Journal of geophysical research. Space physics,
September 2020, 2020-09-00, 20200901, Letnik:
125, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Magnetosheath jets are plasma entities that feature a significantly enhanced dynamic pressure with respect to the ambient plasma. They occur more often downstream of the quasi‐parallel bow shock. ...Jets can propagate through the entire magnetosheath and impact on the magnetopause. We reanalyze multi‐spacecraft data from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission to obtain the first unbiased distributions of scale sizes of the jets, in the directions parallel and perpendicular to their propagation direction. These distributions are log‐normal; they fit well to the observations. We argue that jet scales should be log‐normally distributed as they should result from multiplicative processes in the foreshock and in the magnetosheath. We find that typical jet scales are on the order of 0.1 Earth radii (RE), one order of magnitude smaller than previously reported. Median scale sizes of 0.12 RE and 0.15 RE in the perpendicular and parallel directions are obtained. The small scales may be related to the substructure of Short Large Amplitude Magnetic Structures (SLAMS) in the foreshock, or to the break up of larger jets within the magnetosheath. Use of the log‐normal distributions also allows for an analysis of impact rates of small‐scale jets: While previous results on large jets hitting the magnetopause several times per hour remain largely unchanged, we now find that hundreds to thousands of mostly small‐scale jets could potentially impact the dayside magnetopause every hour.
Key Points
We report the first unbiased distributions of scale sizes of magnetosheath jets
Most magnetosheath jets are an order of magnitude smaller than previously reported
Hundreds to thousands of small‐scale jets potentially impact the dayside magnetopause every hour
A new analytic form of backlash characteristic description is introduced, which uses appropriate switching functions and their complements. The backlash parameters in the model equation are ...separated; hence their estimation can be solved as a quasi-linear problem using an iterative method with internal variable estimation. Also, the identification of cascaded systems consisting of an input backlash followed by a linear dynamic system is presented. Simulation studies of backlash and cascaded systems identification are included.
1. Declines in raptor populations often result from the transformation of natural habitats to anthropogenic land uses, but the rate of population change can vary greatly among species. Declines ...associated with land transformation have been linked to loss of foraging habitat, prey resources and nest sites due to expanding cultivation, overgrazing and disturbance of nests and persecution by humans. 2. We combined extensive road-survey counts of raptors, large-scale GIS data sets and a singlevisit conditional likelihood N-mixture model to generate biome-scale projections of abundance as a function of environmental covariates while correcting for detection error and other forms of zero inflation. This approach was employed to investigate how land-use transformations in the threatened Cerrado savannas and Pantanal wetlands in Brazil have affected the populations of raptors on a large scale (> 300 000 km²). We predicted that predominance of land uses with fewer or less accessible prey and scarcer nesting sites would sustain smaller raptor populations. 3. Twelve species were encountered sufficiently to estimate abundance, while 20 others were encountered too infrequently to permit abundance estimation. Detection of all 12 species was influenced by time of day, with variable species-specific effects that followed expectations based on foraging and flight behaviour. 4. Abundance of most species was negatively influenced by conversion of natural habitats to pastures, an effect that held even for generalist species considered poor indicators of habitat quality, but was not universally impacted by urbanization and soya beans, sugarcane and Eucalyptus plantations, confirming the expectation that some species may tolerate these habitats. Spatial projections of abundance appeared realistic for most species. 5. Synthesis and applications. Protection of the remaining natural habitats is essential to prevent further decline of raptor populations in the Brazilian Cerrado and Pantanal, and restoration of unproductive pastures into natural habitat could prove an efficient strategy to recover diminished raptor populations. The conditional likelihood single-visit approach is a valid and useful tool for measuring population size and for making detection-corrected inferences of abundance over large geographical scales with sensible research budgets. Incorporating the approach into a multispecies framework would allow future studies to make important inferences for entire communities.
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