This paper presents a Lagrangian budgeting approach to quantify the uptake of CO2 by vegetation at horizontal scales of several tens of kilometers. For this purpose, CO2 and meteorological parameters ...were measured from a small aircraft during four flights in June 2001 over a flat homogeneous and productive temperate forest in the Landes region (southwestern France). Additional CO measurements were made in order to identify and quantify the potential influence of anthropogenic emissions on the net CO2 flux derived from the measurements. For one of four flights, Lagrangian conditions were nearly perfectly fulfilled. On average, the CO2 mixing ratio in the boundary layer decreased at a rate of 0.11 ppm km−1, yielding an average CO2 uptake by the forest of 16 ± 2.5 μmol m−2 s−1 between 1230 and 1430 UT. Our result is about 15% smaller than the local net ecosystem exchange measured by eddy covariance at a tower north of the flight domain and about 12% higher than a regional estimate based on remote sensing data for the whole experimental area. The contribution of anthropogenic emissions to the regional CO2 budget was estimated from the CO measurements to be to <0.5 μmol m−2 s−1.
The
112,120Sn(
γ
,
γ
′
) reactions were studied for different endpoint energies of the incident bremsstrahlung spectrum below the neutron separation energies at the superconducting Darmstadt electron ...linear accelerator S-DALINAC. Dipole transition strength distributions have been extracted for
112Sn; the analysis of
120Sn is still in progress. In the case of
112Sn a concentration of dipole excitations is observed between 5 and
8
MeV
. Combining with existing data for
116,124Sn provides a systematics of the pygmy dipole resonance (PDR) in stable Sn nuclei which serves as a benchmark test of recent microscopic calculations aiming at a description of the PDR in exotic neutron-rich Sn isotopes.
Kindler syndrome (KS) is a heritable skin disorder with a complex phenotype consisting of congenital skin blistering, photosensitivity, progressive generalized poikiloderma and extensive skin ...atrophy. Here we describe 2 siblings with KS, who are, to the best of our knowledge, the oldest patients reported so far in the literature. The diagnosis was established in their seventh and eighth decades of life, and confirmed by mutation analysis. Both patients were homozygous for the recurrent FERMT1 mutation, c.328C→T, p.R110X. Because of a relatively mild course of the disease, mucosal membranes in the eyes and oesophagus being predominantly affected in recent years, they had been treated under other diagnoses, such as scleroderma. Cutaneous precancerous lesions and epithelial skin cancer arose in both siblings after the age of 50 years and were treated in an early stage. Taken together, we describe the natural course of KS, the morphological abnormalities occurring in the skin of older KS patients, we discuss the differential diagnosis and the association between KS and squamous cell carcinoma.
Pretreatment of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with P2Y12 receptor antagonists is supported by guidelines and is a common practice despite the lack of definite evidence for ...its benefit.
Using data from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry on procedures between 2005 and 2016, we stratified all patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention due to STEMI in Sweden by whether or not they were pretreated with P2Y12 receptor antagonists. We investigated associations between pretreatment with P2Y12 receptor antagonists and the risk of adverse outcomes using propensity score-adjusted mixed-effects logistic regression, which accounted for clustering of patients within hospitals. The primary endpoint was all-cause death within 30 days. Secondary endpoints were infarct-related artery (IRA) occlusion, 30-day stent thrombosis, in-hospital bleeding, neurological complications, and cardiogenic shock. In total, 44 804 patients were included. They were treated with clopidogrel (N = 26 136, 58.3%), ticagrelor (N = 15 792, 35.3%), or prasugrel (N = 2352, 5.3%); 37 840 (84.5%) were pretreated, and 30 387 (67.8%) had IRA occlusion. At 30 days, there were 2488 (5.6%) deaths and 267 (0.6%) stent thrombosis. Pretreatment was not associated with better survival at 30 days odds ratio (OR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-1.24; P = 0.313, reduced IRA occlusion (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.92-1.05; P = 0.608), decreased stent thrombosis (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.69-1.43; P = 0.932), higher risk of in-hospital bleeding (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.89-1.26; P = 0.526), or neurological complications (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.43-1.21; P = 0.210).
Pretreatment of STEMI patients with P2Y12 receptor antagonists was not associated with improved clinical outcomes.
Expanding the temperature range of previous specific-heat measurements on the Th
7
(Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir)
3
system, we measure the effect of transition-metal substitution on total entropy (
), ...electronic specific heat (γ), and Debye temperature (Θ
D
). In addition we measure the pressure dependence, up to 10 kbar, of the superconducting transition.
Zusammenfassung
Im Rahmen der üblichen Schwangerschaftsvorsorge erfolgt meist im ersten Trimenon eine gynäkologische Untersuchung mit Inspektion der Zervix und Entnahme eines zytologischen Abstrichs. ...Hierbei zeigt sich bei bis zu 7 % der schwangeren Frauen ein auffälliger zytologischer Befund. Bei 0,05 % der Schwangeren wird zudem die Diagnose eines Zervixkarzinoms gestellt, das nach dem Mammakarzinom die häufigste Neoplasie in der Schwangerschaft ist. Die weitere Abklärung und Therapie präinvasiver und invasiver Läsionen der Zervix ist in der Schwangerschaft meist erschwert, sodass sich die betroffene Frau häufig in einem – oft als extrem belastend wahrgenommenen – Konflikt zwischen der eigenen Gesundheit und dem Wohlergehen des Kindes befindet. Aus Ermangelung prospektiver Studien beruhen viele Empfehlungen auf retrospektiven Daten. Aufgrund der besonderen Situation in graviditate muss die Therapie somit häufig individuell an die Patientin und ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden. Daher soll im Beitrag eine Übersicht gegeben werden über die aktuellen Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie der dysplastischen Veränderungen und Neoplasien der Zervix während der Schwangerschaft.
We summarise results from a workshop on "Model Benchmarking and Quality Assurance" of the EU-Network of Excellence ACCENT, including results from other activities (e.g. COST Action 732) and ...publications. A formalised evaluation protocol is presented, i.e. a generic formalism describing the procedure of how to perform a model evaluation. This includes eight steps and examples from global model applications which are given for illustration. The first and important step is concerning the purpose of the model application, i.e. the addressed underlying scientific or political question. We give examples to demonstrate that there is no model evaluation per se, i.e. without a focused purpose. Model evaluation is testing, whether a model is fit for its purpose. The following steps are deduced from the purpose and include model requirements, input data, key processes and quantities, benchmark data, quality indicators, sensitivities, as well as benchmarking and grading. We define "benchmarking" as the process of comparing the model output against either observational data or high fidelity model data, i.e. benchmark data. Special focus is given to the uncertainties, e.g. in observational data, which have the potential to lead to wrong conclusions in the model evaluation if not considered carefully.
Although dyspnea is considered the primary activity-limiting symptom in patients with COPD, other symptoms, such as fatigue, are frequently reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the ...relationship between fatigue and pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, depression, and quality of life in patients with COPD.
Forty-one patients (age = 62 ± 8 years; FEV1 = 1.08 ± 0.55 L; FEV1 percent predicted = 35.8 ± 17%) from two sites participated in the study. Spirometric measures of pulmonary function were carried out in each patient. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory was used to measure five subscales of fatigue: general, physical and mental fatigue, reduction in activity, and reduction in motivation. The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire, used to measure quality of life, has three subscale dimensions (symptom, activity, and impact), as well as an overall or total quality of life score. Depression was measured with the Centers of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. In 19 patients, exercise tolerance was determined with the 6-min walking distance.
General fatigue correlated with FEVl, percent predicted (r = −0.32, p < 0.05), exercise tolerance (r = −0.55, p < 0.05), depression (r = 0.44, p < 0.01), and overall quality of life (r = 0.75, p < 0.01). Among the dimensions of fatigue, depression correlated with general and mental fatigue only. Physical dimensions of fatigue correlated with an increase in the severity of pulmonary impairment and reduction in exercise tolerance. The cognitive components of fatigue, such as reduction in motivation and mental fatigue, were not found to be highly correlated with physical dimensions of quality of life. All five subscales of fatigue showed relationship to the functional impact dimension and total impairment score in quality of life.
These data show a relationship between dimensions of fatigue and pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, and quality of life in COPD. Based on these results, fatigue is an important symptom requiring evaluation and management in patients with COPD. These data clarified also the relationship between depression and fatigue in this patient population.
PDF
