Students’ Loneliness Batinić, Lana; Vrselja, Ivana; Fabijanić, Sara
Psihologijske teme,
01/2024, Letnik:
33, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Paper
Odprti dostop
The aim of this study was to investigate whether support in the offline world and some aspects of social network use predict loneliness in students. A cross-sectional online study was conducted in ...March 2023 on a sample of 211 (80.6% female) students aged 18 to 26. Participants provided information on the social support they receive in the offline world (tangible support, evaluative support, self-esteem support, and belonging support), some aspects of their social network use (intensity of use, number of friends, and number of likes and comments), and loneliness. The data was analysed using a hierarchical regression analysis. As expected, the analysis showed that stronger appraisal, stronger self-esteem, and stronger belonging support in offline life were associated with lower loneliness in students. Surprisingly, none of the measured aspects of social network use significantly predicted students’ loneliness. These results provide valuable insight into understanding loneliness in the context of offline and online social relationships.
Efficacy beliefs are important determinants of human behavior. In the context of social cognitive theory, the perception of collective efficacy is closely related to the individual perception of ...self-efficacy, which is influenced by socio-structural factors such as socioeconomic status (SES). Surprisingly, the relationship between these variables has received little attention in the literature on environmental issues. Within the framework of social cognitive theory, the aim of this study was to investigate whether SES has a direct effect on pro-environmental behavior and whether it has an indirect effect via perceptions of self-efficacy and collective efficacy, in relation to climate change mitigation behavior. An online cross-sectional study was conducted using a quota sample of 1075 participants (51.9% women) aged 18–79 years. Participants reported their SES using objective and subjective measures, perceptions of their own and collective efficacy in mitigating climate change, and the frequency of their pro-environmental behaviors. Structural equation modeling revealed that the model with serial mediation effects of self-efficacy and collective efficacy between SES (both objective and subjective) and pro-environmental behaviors showed a good model fit. As expected, both objective and subjective SES had no direct effect on pro-environmental behavior. Surprisingly, neither objective nor subjective SES had an indirect effect (via efficacy beliefs) on pro-environmental behavior. However, both self-efficacy and collective efficacy were associated with pro-environmental behavior. These findings have practical implications for the development of strategies aimed at enhancing pro-environmental behavior.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between exposure to climate change information in traditional and modern media, cognitive and emotional aspects of climate change risk judgment, ...and pro-environmental behavior (PEB).
A cross-sectional online study was conducted on a quota sample of 1,075 participants (51.9% women) aged 18-79 years. Participants self-reported their exposure to climate change-related information in traditional (e.g. television) and modern media (e.g. social networks), cognitive assessment of climate change risk, level of worry about climate change, and the frequency of PEB.
Structural equation modeling showed a good fit for the parallel mediation model, involving cognitive risk judgment and worry as mediators between exposure to climate change information in traditional and modern media and PEB. Exposure to climate change information in traditional media had indirect effect on PEB through heightened worry, but not cognitive risk judgment. In contrast, exposure to climate change information in modern media had no indirect effect on PEB.
Since the link between exposure to climate change information in traditional media and PEB has been shown to be mediated by climate change worry, it is important to enhance the coverage of climate change in traditional media in Croatia, taking care to offer solutions to reduce possible negative impact on people's well-being.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of harmonious and obsessive passion for playing video games with behavioral school engagement, and to determine whether these two types of ...passion are indirectly related to behavioral school engagement through time spent playing video games. Data for this correlational, on-line study were collected from a convenience quota sample of 568 high-school students (55.5% boys) between 14 and 19 years old (M = 15.89; SD = 1.16). Participants self-reported their passion for playing video games, the amount of time they spent playing video games, and their behavioral school engagement. Path analysis showed that both harmonious and obsessive passion exerted direct effects on behavioral school engagement, as well as indirect effects through time spent playing video games. Higher harmonious passion was directly related to higher school engagement, but it was also indirectly related to lower school engagement because of its association with more time spent playing video games. In contrast, higher obsessive passion was related to lower school engagement both directly as well as indirectly through its association with more time spent playing. The results are discussed in the context of the dualistic model of passion.
Conservation of resources theory (COR) establishes a link between resource loss and the stress response. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of resource loss in the form of home ...damage and the choice of active or passive coping strategies to PTSD symptoms in survivors of the 2020 Petrinja (Croatia) earthquake.
A total of 374 adults (29.9% men) aged 18-64 years living in the counties surrounding the epicenter of the Petrinja (Croatia) earthquake participated in an online cross-sectional survey. The questionnaire included the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Coping Inventory, and the binary item assessing whether or not the participants' home was damaged.
Hierarchical regression analysis showed that home damage was a significant predictor of PTSD symptoms. Participants whose homes were damaged by the earthquake were significantly more likely to use passive coping strategies, namely avoidance and emotional venting, and one active coping strategy, action, than those whose homes were spared. Finally, more frequent use of passive coping was associated with a higher risk of PTSD symptoms.
The study corroborates the COR theory link between resource loss and the stress response, as well as the general consensus that passive coping is a less adaptive strategy than active coping. In addition to passive coping, individuals who lacked resources may have been inclined to take some active steps because they either needed to repair or relocate their homes and because most buildings were only moderately to minimally damaged in the Petrinja earthquake.
Polazeći od teorijskih postavki modela obiteljskog stresa cilj je rada bio empirijski provjeriti ostvaruje li ekonomska prilagodba obitelji svoj učinak na izraženost depresivnost kod adolescenata ...izravno i/ili neizravno, učincima na depresivnost roditelja i osjećaj roditeljske samoefikasnosti. U radu su analizirani podatci prikupljeni od adolescenata (N=247) koji žive u dvoroditeljskim obiteljima te obaju njihovih roditelja, a u okviru projekta "Rad roditelja, ekonomske teškoće obitelji i dobrobit roditelja i djece". Djeca su procijenila svoju depresivnost, a roditelji svoju depresivnost i roditeljsku samoefikasnost te ekonomsku prilagodbu obitelji. Kako bi se provjerilo postojanje izravnog i neizravnog učinka otežane ekonomske prilagode obitelji na izraženost depresivnosti kod adolescenata, provedene su dvije serijalne medijacijske analize (jedna na uzorku očeva i jedna na uzorku majki) u PROCESS makrou za SPPS. Rezultati tih analiza pokazali su kako otežana ekonomska prilagodba obitelji izravno i neizravno, samo preko izražene depresivnosti majke i smanjenog osjećaja roditeljske samoefikasnosti majke, pridonosi izraženijoj depresivnosti kod adolescenata. Neizravan serijalni učinak ekonomske prilagode obitelji na depresivnost adolescenata, putem depresivnosti i roditeljske samoefikasnosti oca, nije se pokazao značajnim. Nalazi rada upućuju na različite procese kojima ekonomska prilagodba obitelji djeluje na ponašanje i doživljavanje roditelja i adolescenata.
Based on the theoretical assumptions of Family Stress Model, the aim of the paper was to empirically examine whether the effect of family's economic adjustment on the severity of depression in adolescents is direct and/or indirect through depression of parents and parental self-efficacy. Data used in this paper were collected from adolescents (N=247) who live in two-parent families, and their parents within the project "Parents' work, family economic hardship and well-being of parents and children". Children rated their depression, and parents rated their depression and parental self-efficacy as well as an economic adjustment that family had to make. To examine the existence of a direct and indirect effect of family's economic adjustment on depression in adolescents, two serial mediation analyses (one on the sample of fathers and one on the sample of mothers) were performed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. The results of these analyses showed that difficult family's economic adjustment contributes to higher depression in adolescents directly and indirectly, through mothers' depression and low maternal self-efficacy. The indirect serial effect of family's economic adjustment on depression of adolescents through fathers' depression and parental self-efficacy, was not significant. The findings point to different processes by which economic adjustment affects parents and adolescents.
Partiendo de las suposiciones teóricas del modelo de estrés familiar, el objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar empíricamente si el ajuste económico de la familia surte su efecto sobre el grado de la depresión directa y/o indirectamente a través del efecto sobre la depresión de los padres y el sentimiento de la autoeficacia parental. En el trabajo se analizan datos obtenidos de los adolescentes (N=247) que viven en las familias biparentales y de ambos padres en el marco del proyecto "Trabajo de los padres, dificultades económicas en familia y el bienestar de padres e hijos". Los hijos evaluaron su depresión, mientras que los padres evaluaron tanto su depresión y autoeficacia parental, como su ajuste económico. Para verificar si el ajuste económico dificultoso surte efecto directo e indirecto en el grado de depresión, se llevaron a cabo dos análisis seriales de mediación (uno en la muestra de los padres y otro en la muestra de las madres) a través de la macro PROCES para SPSS. Los resultados de estos análisis demostraron que el ajuste económico dificultoso influye directa e indirectamente en la depresión en los adolescentes, pero sólo a través de la depresión más grave de la madre y su sentimiento reducido de la autoeficacia parental. No parece ser significativo el efecto serial indirecto del ajuste económico de la familia sobre la depresión en los adolescentes a través de la depresión y la autoeficacia parental del padre. Los hallazgos del trabajo indican varios procesos a través de los cuales el ajuste económico de la familia influye en la conducta y las reacciones de los padres y los adolescentes.
Cilj je rada bio provjeriti postoje li značajne razlike između onih adolescenata koji nikad nisu sekstali i onih koji su se upustili u takvo ponašanje barem jedanput u nizu varijabli: seksualno ...rizičnom ponašanju, ljutnji, depresivnosti, anksioznosti, samoefikasnosti i druženju s vršnjacima koji se ponašaju devijantno. Također, cilj rada bio je provjeriti jesu li ljutnja i neugodne emocije depresivnosti i anksioznosti značajni prediktori sekstinga te imaju li samoefikasnost i druženje s vršnjacima koji se devijantno ponašaju moderatorsku ulogu u odnosu između navedenih prediktora i sekstinga. Analizirani su podaci prikupljeni istraživanjem koje je provedeno 2012. godine na 311 učenika (149 mladića, 162 djevojke) u dobi od petnaest do sedamnaest godina. Rezultati su niza nezavisnih t-testova pokazali postojanje značajnih razlika između dviju skupina sudionika u seksualno rizičnom ponašanju i druženju s devijantnim vršnjacima, pri čemu su se oni koji su sekstali barem jedanput, u usporedbi s onima koji nikad nisu sekstali, češće upustili u seksualno rizična ponašanja te se više druže s devijantnim vršnjacima. Rezultati su hijerarhijske binarne logističke regresijske analize pokazali da ljutnja, depresivnost i anksioznost ne predviđaju značajno seksting, kao i da samoefikasnost i druženje s devijantnim vršnjacima ne mijenjaju odnos između ljutnje i sekstinga te neugodnih emocija depresivnosti i anksioznosti i sekstinga. Dobiveni su rezultati komentirani u vidu nalaza prijašnjih istraživanja, ali i u okviru odnosa između navedenih varijabli specificiranih u okviru Agnewove (1992) generalne teorije stresa.
For a long time, delinquency that appears in the adolescent period, so-called late delinquency, has been neglected in research. Based on Moffitt's late delinquency theory (1993), the goal of this ...paper was to explore whether desire for autonomy and deviant peers association, and their interaction, are significant predictors of a late delinquents group, separate for boys and girls. Analyzed data were gathered on 425 students (303 boys) from eight high schools located in the City of Zagreb, aged between 15 and 17. Participants rated their desire for autonomy, and they filled out a questionnaire which measures their association with deviant peers, as well as self-reported risk and delinquent behaviors questionnaire. The results of hierarchical binary logistic analysis showed that the increased desire for autonomy and deviant peers association are significant predictors of a late delinquents group on both samples. However, moderation analyses showed that the interaction of these two variables is not significant in predicting a late delinquents group in the sample of boys, nor in the sample of girls. The results represent a significant contribution to the existing knowledge gap on the risk factors of late delinquency.
Delinkvencija koja se javlja tek u razdoblju adolescencije, tzv. kasna delinkvencija, dugo se zanemarivala u istraivanjima. Polazeci od postavki Moffittine teorije kasne delinkvencije (1993), cilj ...rada bio je provjeriti predvidaju li elja za autonomijom i druenje s devijantnim vrnjacima te njihova interakcija pripadnost skupini kasnih delinkvenata, i to zasebno na uzorku mladica i djevojaka. U radu su analizirani podatci prikupljeni na 425 ucenika (303 mladica) iz osam srednjih kola na podrucju Grada Zagreba u dobi izmedu 15 i 17 godina. Sudionici u istraivanju procjenjivali su kolika je njihova elja za autonomijom te su ispunili i jedan upitnik druenja s devijantnim vrnjacima te upitnik samoiskaza rizicnoga i delinkventnoga ponaanja. Rezultati hijerarhijskih binarnih logistickih analiza pokazali su da izraenija elja za autonomijom i druenje s devijantnim vrnjacima znacajno predvidaju pripadnost skupini kasnih delinkvenata na uzorku mladih obaju spolova. Medutim, moderacijske su analize pokazale da interakcija ovih dviju varijabli nije znacajna u predvidanju pripadnosti skupini kasnih delinkvenata na uzorku mladica, a ni djevojaka. Dobiveni rezultati znace vaan doprinos nedostatnim spoznajama u literaturi o rizicnim cimbenicima kasne delinkvencije. Kljucne rijeci: kasna delinkvencija, elja za autonomijom, devijantni vrnjaci For a long time, delinquency that appears in the adolescent period, so-called late delinquency, has been neglected in research. Based on Moffitt's late delinquency theory (1993), the goal of this paper was to explore whether desire for autonomy and deviant peers association, and their interaction, are significant predictors of a late delinquents group, separate for boys and girls. Analyzed data were gathered on 425 students (303 boys) from eight high schools located in the City of Zagreb, aged between 15 and 1 7. Participants rated their desire for autonomy, and they filled out a questionnaire which measures their association with deviant peers, as well as self-reported risk and delinquent behaviors questionnaire. The results of hierarchical binary logistic analysis showed that the increased desire for autonomy and deviant peers association are significant predictors of a late delinquents group on both samples. However, moderation analyses showed that the interaction of these two variables is not significant in predicting a late delinquents group in the sample of boys, nor in the sample of girls. The results represent a significant contribution to the existing knowledge gap on the risk factors of late delinquency. Keywords: late delinquency, desire for autonomy, deviant peers
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