We compared SimoaTM and EllaTM immunoassays to assess serum neurofilament‐light chain levels in 203 multiple sclerosis patients from the OFSEP HD study. There was a strong correlation (ρ = 0.86, ...p < 0.0001) between both platforms. The EllaTM instrument overestimated values by 17%, but as the data were linear (p = 0.57), it was possible to apply a correction factor to EllaTM results. As for SimoaTM, serum neurofilament‐light chain levels measured by EllaTM were correlated with age and EDSS and were significantly higher in active multiple sclerosis, suggesting that these assays are equivalent and can be used in routine clinical practice.
Les vaccins ont été soupçonnés de déclencher la sclérose en plaques (SEP) ou les poussées. Avec l’enrichissement des thérapeutiques, des questions se posent sur les risques infectieux ou l’efficacité ...vaccinale.
Établir des recommandations sur les vaccinations et la SEP.
Le groupe français pour les recommandations dans la sclérose en plaques (France4MS) a fait une revue systématique des articles issus de PubMed et d’autres bases documentaires publiés entre janvier 1975 et juin 2018, selon la méthode de consensus formalisé RAND/UCLA. Vingt-deux experts ont contribué à la rédaction de la revue détaillée et un groupe de 110 professionnels de santé multidisciplinaires a validé la version finale de la synthèse des recommandations.
Les vaccins ne sont pas associés à un risque accru de survenue d’une SEP, y compris les vaccins contre l’hépatite B et le papillomavirus humain ; ils ne sont pas associés à un risque accru de poussée (données insuffisantes pour la fièvre jaune). Il est recommandé de :
– vérifier le statut vaccinal dès le diagnostic et avant introduction de traitements immunoactifs ;
– d’appliquer le calendrier vaccinal ;
– de proposer toujours la vaccination contre la grippe saisonnière.
En cas d’immunosuppression, il est recommandé :
– d’informer des risques infectieux et d’appliquer les recommandations du haut conseil pour la santé publique ;
– d’appliquer à l’entourage immédiat le calendrier vaccinal, la vaccination contre la grippe et la varicelle ; les vaccins vivants atténués sont contre-indiqués ; les autres vaccins peuvent être proposés, mais leur efficacité pourrait être réduite.
Les professionnels de santé et les patients devraient être informés des recommandations mises à jour sur les vaccinations et la SEP. Ces recommandations pratiques seront diffusées par la SFSEP.
The progressive phase of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the one most often associated with irreversible accumulation of disability. An important question remains about the place of primary progressive MS ...(PP-MS): does it form an integral part of the disease spectrum, or is it maybe a distinct entity? This question could apparently be very theoretical, but it is not, as patients with PP-MS remain orphans when regarding disease-modifying treatments. Thus, they are usually excluded from therapeutic trials. A clue to this question could be the comparison between the different MS subtypes with a progressive phase. We discuss here the clinical similarities and differences between secondary and primary progressive MS.
Prognosis of multiple sclerosis is highly variable. Clinical variables have been identified that are assessable early in the disease and are predictors of the time from the disease onset to the onset ...of irreversible disability. Our objective was to determine if these clinical variables still have an effect after the first stages of disability have been reached. We determined the dates of disease onset and assignment of scores of irreversible disability in 1844 patients with multiple sclerosis. We used three scores on the Kurtzke Disability Status Scale as benchmarks of disability accumulation: 4 (limited walking but without aid); 6 (walking with unilateral aid); and 7 (wheelchair bound). We used Kaplan–Meier analyses and Cox regression models to determine the influence of the clinical variables on the time to disability onset. Median times from onset of multiple sclerosis to assignment of a score of 4, 6 and 7 were significantly influenced by gender, age, symptoms and course (relapsing–remitting or progressive) at onset of the disease, degree of recovery from the first relapse, time to a second neurological episode, and the number of relapses in the first 5 years of the disease. Similarly, times from onset of multiple sclerosis to a score of 6 and 7 were influenced by time to a score of 4. In contrast, none of the variables substantially affected the time from a score of 4 to a score of 6 or 7, or from a score of 6 to a score of 7. Early assessable clinical variables significantly influence the time from the onset of multiple sclerosis to the assignment of a disability score of 4, but not the subsequent progression of irreversible disability.
The discovery of highly specific auto-antibodies directed against the water channel aquaporin 4 was a quantum leap in the definition, classification and management of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). ...Herein, we propose an update on epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic advances in the field, underlining unmet needs.
Large-scale epidemiological studies have recently provided a more precise evaluation of NMO prevalence and a better stratification regarding ethnicity and sex. New criteria have been proposed for so-called NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and their relevance is currently being assessed. The identification of a new clinical entity associated to antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein questions the border of NMOSD.
The concept of NMOSD is opening a new era in clinical practice, allowing an easier and more homogeneous diagnosis and an increase in newly identified cases. This will facilitate clinical studies and support new therapeutic trial. Future researches should focus on the position of seronegative NMOSD and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG disorders in the field and on promising strategies, including the immune tolerisation approaches, to eventually cure NMO.
The 2010 McDonald criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis are widely used in research and clinical practice. Scientific advances in the past 7 years suggest that they might no longer provide ...the most up-to-date guidance for clinicians and researchers. The International Panel on Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis reviewed the 2010 McDonald criteria and recommended revisions. The 2017 McDonald criteria continue to apply primarily to patients experiencing a typical clinically isolated syndrome, define what is needed to fulfil dissemination in time and space of lesions in the CNS, and stress the need for no better explanation for the presentation. The following changes were made: in patients with a typical clinically isolated syndrome and clinical or MRI demonstration of dissemination in space, the presence of CSF-specific oligoclonal bands allows a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis; symptomatic lesions can be used to demonstrate dissemination in space or time in patients with supratentorial, infratentorial, or spinal cord syndrome; and cortical lesions can be used to demonstrate dissemination in space. Research to further refine the criteria should focus on optic nerve involvement, validation in diverse populations, and incorporation of advanced imaging, neurophysiological, and body fluid markers.
Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a recently identified autoimmune disorder that presents in both adults and children as CNS demyelination. Although there are ...clinical phenotypic overlaps between MOGAD, multiple sclerosis, and aquaporin-4 antibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) cumulative biological, clinical, and pathological evidence discriminates between these conditions. Patients should not be diagnosed with multiple sclerosis or NMOSD if they have anti-MOG antibodies in their serum. However, many questions related to the clinical characterisation of MOGAD and pathogenetic role of MOG antibodies are still unanswered. Furthermore, therapy is mainly based on standard protocols for aquaporin-4 antibody-associated NMOSD and multiple sclerosis, and more evidence is needed regarding how and when to treat patients with MOGAD.
Traditionally, multiple sclerosis has been categorised by distinct clinical descriptors-relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive-for patient care, research, and regulatory ...approval of medications. Accumulating evidence suggests that the clinical course of multiple sclerosis is better considered as a continuum, with contributions from concurrent pathophysiological processes that vary across individuals and over time. The apparent evolution to a progressive course reflects a partial shift from predominantly localised acute injury to widespread inflammation and neurodegeneration, coupled with failure of compensatory mechanisms, such as neuroplasticity and remyelination. Ageing increases neural susceptibility to injury and decreases resilience. These observations encourage a new consideration of the course of multiple sclerosis as a spectrum defined by the relative contributions of overlapping pathological and reparative or compensatory processes. New understanding of key mechanisms underlying progression and measures to quantify progressive pathology will potentially have important and beneficial implications for clinical care, treatment targets, and regulatory decision-making.
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