Abstract Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer of men all over the world. In the last few decades, new imaging techniques based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have been developed ...to improve diagnosis. In practise, diagnosis can be affected by multiple factors such as observer variability and visibility and complexity of the lesions. In this regard, computer-aided detection and computer-aided diagnosis systems have been designed to help radiologists in their clinical practice. Research on computer-aided systems specifically focused for prostate cancer is a young technology and has been part of a dynamic field of research for the last 10 years. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in this lapse of time, focusing on the different stages composing the work-flow of a computer-aided system. We also provide a comparison between studies and a discussion about the potential avenues for future research. In addition, this paper presents a new public online dataset which is made available to the research community with the aim of providing a common evaluation framework to overcome some of the current limitations identified in this survey.
Cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein, hepatocyte specific (CREBH), is a liver-enriched, endoplasmic reticulum-tethered transcription factor known to regulate the hepatic acute-phase response ...and lipid homeostasis. In this study, we demonstrate that CREBH functions as a circadian transcriptional regulator that plays major roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis. The proteolytic cleavage and posttranslational acetylation modification of CREBH are regulated by the circadian clock. Functionally, CREBH is required in order to maintain circadian homeostasis of hepatic glycogen storage and blood glucose levels. CREBH regulates the rhythmic expression of the genes encoding the rate-limiting enzymes for glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, including liver glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), and the glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC). CREBH interacts with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) to synergize its transcriptional activities in hepatic gluconeogenesis. The acetylation of CREBH at lysine residue 294 controls CREBH-PPARα interaction and synergy in regulating hepatic glucose metabolism in mice. CREBH deficiency leads to reduced blood glucose levels but increases hepatic glycogen levels during the daytime or upon fasting. In summary, our studies revealed that CREBH functions as a key metabolic regulator that controls glucose homeostasis across the circadian cycle or under metabolic stress.
•A parallel hydraulic hybrid vehicle model is built to research its powertrain dynamics.•Power on gear shift control strategy is designed to avoid torque interruption.•LQR is used to compromise ...vehicle vibration, driving comfort and dynamic performance.•Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is adopted to estimate the powertrain parameters.•Torque compensation capability is studied with different accumulator charging state.
The power on gear shift control of a parallel hydraulic hybrid vehicle (PHHV) is researched in this paper. A multibody dynamic model is built to capture the main vibration characteristics of PHHV powertrain, based on which the power on gear shift control strategy is designed and verified. To avoid the vehicle driving torque interruption during gear shift, power on gear shift control strategy is designed. In the control strategy, hydraulic pump/motor (HPM) compensates the engine torque when the engine clutch is disengaged for gear shift. The engine clutch engagement process is carefully controlled by LQR control strategy to mitigate the vehicle powertrain vibration and improve the vehicle driving comfort. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is adopted to estimate the PHHV parameters required by LQR control. The available HPM torque depends on its working pressure which varies a lot with different accumulator state of charge. So the HPM torque compensation capability is investigated by analysing the traction force requirement during gear shift. To obtain the gear shift traction force demand, a gear shift schedule considering both vehicle fuel economy and dynamic performance is designed. The simulation results show that the HPM could satisfy most of the torque compensation requirements during gear shifts with the designed gear shift schedule in typical driving cycles.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the active damping of automotive powertrains for the suppression of gear shift related transient vibrations. Conventionally, powertrain vibration is ...usually suppressed passively through the application of torsional dampers in dual clutch transmissions (DCT) and torque converters in planetary automatic transmissions (AT). This paper presents an approach for active suppression of transient responses utilising only the current sensors available in the powertrain. An active control strategy for manipulating engine or electric machine output torque post gear change via a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is developed and implemented. Whilst conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) powertrains require manipulation of the engine throttle, for HEV powertrains the electric machine (EM) output torque is controlled to rapidly suppress powertrain transients. Simulations for both conventional internal combustion engine and parallel hybrid vehicles are performed to evaluate the proposed strategy. Results show that while both the conventional and hybrid powertrains are both capable of successfully suppressing undesirable transients, the EM is more successful in achieving vibration suppression.
•This paper studies active damping of powertrain vibrations resulting from gear change.•Control method is applied to conventional and hybrid vehicle powertrains.•The proposed control strategy is demonstrated to successfully suppress these vibrations.
Laser-plasma acceleration promises compact sources of high-brightness relativistic electron beams. However, the limited stability often associated with laser-plasma acceleration has previously ...prevented a detailed mapping of the drive laser and electron performance and represents a major obstacle towards advancing laser-plasma acceleration for applications. Here, we correlate drive laser and electron-beam parameters with high statistics to identify and quantify sources of electron energy drift and jitter. Based on our findings, we provide a parametrization to predict the electron energy drift with subpercent accuracy for many hours from measured laser parameters, which opens a path for performance improvements by active stabilization. Our results are enabled by the first stable 24-h operation of a laser-plasma accelerator and the statistics from 100 000 consecutive electron beams, which, by itself, marks an important milestone.
Robustness against parameter mismatches and position-sensorless operation are two important research topics for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. Usually, the existing observers are ...designed for achieving a specific function. While here, both the above two functions are integrated into the proposed sliding-mode disturbance observer: (i) if a position sensor is equipped, accurate current regulation can be achieved by deadbeat predictive current control despite mismatched motor parameters; (ii) if the position sensor is not equipped but with a good estimation of motor parameters, the observer can serve as a back electromotive force estimator. Then, the rotor position can be extracted for position-sensorless control. Usually, a low-pass filter is required to suppress high-frequency noises in the conventional sliding-mode observer. This inevitably leads to phase delay in the estimation. By comparison, a complex coefficient filter is inherently embedded in the proposed method, which can provide accurate estimation without phase delay or magnitude error. Experimental results obtained from a 2.4 kW PMSM drive platform indicate that high-performance current control can be achieved with good robustness for position sensor-based operation. Also, rotor position can be accurately estimated with good steady and dynamic performance for position-sensorless operation.
•A new concept of bilateral Harpoon-shift synchronizer for electric vehicles is proposed.•Small axial shifting force is required during engagement of bilateral Harpoon shift.•A detailed multi-body ...dynamic model is built to figure out the interacting ways between the engaging-related parts.•Chamfer angle and torque spring stiffness are optimized to reduce shifting shocks.
This paper introduces a new concept of bilateral Harpoon-shift synchronizer for electric vehicles (EVs) equipped with multi-speed clutchless automated manual transmissions (CLAMTs), aiming to improve the shifting quality and efficiency. In addition, it overcomes some of the biggest issues of conventional counterparts, including friction loss and wear. To investigate the engaging performance of the proposed synchronizer comprehensively, a detailed and original multi-body dynamic model of the bilateral Harpoon shift is developed to capture the synchronizer’s transient behavior during engagement. In the model, the engaging process is defined as six stages, and it can simulate the interactions between the engaging-related parts. Then a model of EV powertrain system, which integrates the synchronizer model, is established to analyze the gearshift vibrations, allowing to evaluate the engaging performance of the bilateral Harpoon shift in terms of shifting shocks. Also, to guarantee a smooth gear change, torque and speed profiles are designed based on a modified step function for the motor torque control and active speed synchronization. Based on the integrated model, the effects of the torque spring stiffness and tooth chamfer angle on the shifting shocks are comprehensively analyzed, and then the optimized values of these two significant parameters are obtained through quantitative analysis. Results show that the proposed synchronizer is able to achieve high quality shifting for EVs and meanwhile overcome the friction-related drawbacks of traditional synchronizers. Besides, it greatly simplifies the shift control strategy due to its special engaging mechanism.
Peptides as cancer vaccines Calvo Tardón, Marta; Allard, Mathilde; Dutoit, Valérie ...
Current opinion in pharmacology,
August 2019, 2019-08-00, 20190801, Letnik:
47
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•Peptide cancer vaccines are safe, but have low therapeutic effect.•New epitopes are being discovered through genomics, peptidomics, and bioinformatics.•High throughput technologies make personalized ...peptide vaccines feasible.•Peptide vaccine efficacy depend on strong adjuvants and immunomodulators.•Optimal combination therapies for clinical application are still to be identified.
Cancer vaccines based on synthetic peptides are a safe, well-tolerated immunotherapy able to specifically stimulate tumor-reactive T cells. However, their clinical efficacy does not approach that achieved with other immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade. Nevertheless, major advances have been made in selecting tumor antigens to target, identifying epitopes binding to classical and non-classical HLA molecules, and incorporating these into optimal sized peptides for formulation into a vaccine. Limited potency of currently used adjuvants and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment are now understood to be major impediments to vaccine efficacy that need to be overcome. Rationally designed combination therapies are now being tested and should ultimately enable peptide vaccination to be added to immuno-oncology treatment options.
Shahrastānī and the Ismailis Walker, Paul E.
Journal of the American Oriental Society,
04/2023, Letnik:
143, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The exact sectarian affiliation of Shahrastānī has long been a matter of serious debate. Was he possibly an adherent of the Ismaili cause? Considerable recent scholarship purports to establish a ...connection. The evidence consists of some off-handed remarks by his own contemporaries; what he himself has to say about the Ismailis in his Kitāb al-Milal wa-l-niḥal; and finally, a set of doctrines or analytical categories he uses in his later writings that were later adopted by Nizari Ismailis. However, an impartial look at the evidence does not support the claim that Shahrastānī was himself in any significant way an Ismaili.
•Development of a seamless two-speed transmission applied in a BEV.•Proposing a power-on gearshift control strategy.•Improving the gearshift quality by the optimal coordinating gearshift ...controllers.•Developing observers for estimating the unmeasured torque information to achieve the feedback control.
With the sustained technology advancement in the power battery, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are considered as the most advisable alternatives of their internal combustion engine (ICE) counterparts. Research reveals that the implementation of multispeed transmissions for BEVs can reduce the vehicle energy consumption, improve the vehicle dynamic performance and downsize the battery package and the driving motor volume. Considering the potential advantages of multispeed transmissions equipped BEVs, this paper presents an investigation into the optimal coordinating gearshift control of a seamless two-speed transmission for BEVs. Firstly, to achieve the gearshift transient behaviour, the mathematical model of the powertrain system is established. Next, model-based gearshift tactics are proposed for the torque phase and the inertia phase respectively. Subsequently, the proposed control tactics based optimal controllers are developed to achieve high-quality gearshift in the whole gear shifting process. To be more specific, in the torque phase, the controller aims at optimising dual objectives together, namely the vehicle jerk and friction work, and the control objective of the inertia phase only focuses on decreasing the friction work due to the coordinating gear shifting tactic. Finally, based on available sensor signals, sliding mode observers are employed to estimate unmeasurable torque as feedback information for the optimal controllers in different gear states. Simulation results demonstrate that the devised control approaches can promote gear change performance comprehensively.
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