Hearing loss in Turner syndrome Parkin, Monique; Walker, Paul
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology,
02/2009, Letnik:
73, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Summary Objective Recent reports have suggested a significant incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children with Turner syndrome. This study reviewed a cohort of Australian children to ...clarify the incidence and pattern of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. Methods Retrospective cohort study of 23 individuals with Turner syndrome was identified – mean age 10 years 4 months. A retrospective review was undertaken and otologic status assigned. Results Middle ear disease affected 91% of patients. Two children (9%) demonstrated sensorineural hearing loss attributable to Turner syndrome. Average age of onset was 15 years – one demonstrated a classic U-shaped mid-frequency loss, the other a bilateral down-sloping sensorineural loss. Conclusions In this Turner syndrome cohort, 91% of subjects suffered middle ear disease, whilst the incidence of SNHL was 9%. It is recommended that individuals with Turner syndrome should be screened for onset and progression of hearing loss.
Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) can enhance subtle changes in videos to reveal what was once invisible to the naked eye. In this proof of concept study, we investigated using EVM as a novel form ...of free flap monitoring. Free flaps with skin paddles were filmed in the operating room with manipulation of their pedicles. In a representative 77-year-old female who received a latissimus dorsi-serratus-rib composite free flap, EVM was able to detect blockage of arterial or venous supply instantaneously, providing a visible representation through degree of color change in videos. EVM has the potential to serve as a powerful free flap monitoring tool with the benefit of being noninvasive, sensitive, easy-to-use, and nearly cost-free.
•Two high content screening assays: phospholipidosis and lysosomal trapping.•Validation of two cellular models: HepG2 and H9c2 cells.•Applicability domains are required for compound classes like ...aminoglycosides.•In vitro and in silico methods to predict phospholipidosis in vivo are compared.•Formulation of a screening strategy to better predict phospholipidosis in vivo.
Drug induced phospholipidosis (PLD) is an adverse side effect which can affect registration of new drug entities. Phospholipids can accumulate in lysosomes, organelles essential in cellular biogenesis and if compromised can lead to cellular toxicity. Drug accumulation in lysosomes (lysosomotropism) is a known mechanism leading to PLD, however phospholipidosis can also occur indirectly by altering synthesis and processing of phospholipids.
Drug induced PLD can be measured in vitro using High Content Screening (HCS) approaches, by either determining accumulation of phospholipids conjugated to dyes in cells or by determining accumulation of drugs within lysosomes, by competitive loss of lysosomal dye uptake. In this study we validate two in vitro assays using HepG2 and H9c2 cells in conjunction with in silico models based on physico-chemical properties using 56 compounds (28 phospholipidogenic, 25 non-phospholipidogenic and three kidney specific). Using HCS to determine PLD and lysosomal trapping in HepG2 cells in combination with in silico modelling increase the overall prediction of PLD in vivo with a sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 92% and overall accuracy of 94%.
The findings of this study demonstrate the applicability of in vitro and in silico approaches to understand the mechanism underlying PLD and the utility of these approaches as a screening strategy in the pharmaceutical industry to select drug candidates with a low in vivo PLD liability.
Radiographic contrast material‐induced nephropathy (RCIN) is the third most common cause of hospital‐acquired renal insufficiency and has been associated with an increase in patient mortality. Many ...strategies to prevent RCIN have been explored unsuccessfully. The standard of care remains hydration with 0.45% sodium chloride before and after administration of contrast material. Recently, N‐acetylcysteine and fenoldopam have been studied to determine their efficacy in preventing RCIN. Of seven prospective studies using various dosing regimens of N‐acetylcysteine, four revealed beneficial results. Although some discrepancies exist, the data strongly suggest that N‐acetylcysteine has a role in patients at risk for the development of RCIN. The data for fenoldopam are more limited, with only one retrospective study showing benefit. Additional prospective data are required to determine if fenoldopam has a role in the prevention of RCIN.
The seminal contribution known as the Condorcet Jury Theorem observes that under a specific set of conditions an increase in the size of a group tasked with making a binary decision (“guilty or ...“innocent, say) leads to an improvement in the group’s ability to make the correct choice. An assumption that is not properly appreciated in the relevant literature is that the competency of the group members is assumed to be exogenous. In numerous applications, members of the group make investments to improve the accuracy of their decision making (e.g., pre-meeting efforts). We consider the collective action problem that arises. We show that if individual competence is endogenous, then increases in the group size encourages free riding. This trades off with the value of information aggregation. Thus, the value of the larger group size is muted. Extensions illustrate that if committee members are allowed to exit/not participate, the equilibrium committee size is reduced. Additionally, supermajority voting rules encourage investments and, consequently, individual competence.
ABSTRACT
This paper argues that the mainstream approaches to the theory of the firm do not provide a theory of the human capital‐based or knowledge firm. We examine the neoclassical theory of the ...firm, the transaction cost model, the incentive‐system approach and the Grossman Hart Moore approach and argue that none of them is able to fully capture the changes to the firm that the movement towards a knowledge economy entails. We also consider the effects of knowledge on the organisation of production. Will production take place within a single large factory, or several smaller factories or even within households?
Introduction
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created unprecedented challenges on the healthcare system. The aim of this multi-centre study was to measure the impact of COVID-19 on IR ...services in the UK.
Material and Methods
Retrospective cross-sectional study of IR practice in six UK centres during the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out. All therapeutic IR procedures were identified using the respective hospital radiology information systems and COVID-19 status found on the hospital patient record systems. The total number of therapeutic IR procedures was recorded over two time periods, 25/03/2019–21/04/2019 (control group) and 30/03/2020–26/04/2020 (COVID-19 group). The data points collected were: procedure type, aerosol-generating nature, acute or elective case, modality used, in- or out-of-hours case and whether the procedure was done at the bedside (portable).
Results
A 31% decrease in overall number of IR procedures was observed during COVID-19 compared to the control group (1363 cases vs 942 cases); however, the acute work decreased by only 0.5%. An increase in out-of-hours work by 10% was observed. COVID-19 was suspected or laboratory proved in 9.9% of cases (
n
= 93), and 15% of total cases (
n
= 141) were classed as aerosol-generating procedures. A 66% rise in cholecystostomy was noted during COVID-19. Image-guided ablation, IVC filters, aortic stent grafting and visceral vascular stenting had the greatest % decreases in practice during COVID-19, with 91.7%, 83.3%, 80.8% and 80.2% decreases, respectively.
Conclusion
During the global pandemic, IR has continued to provide emergency and elective treatment highlighting the adaptability of IR in supporting other specialties.
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