In order to monitor the Qingke beer brewing process in real time, this paper presents an analytical method for predicting the content of key components in the wort during the mashing and boiling ...stages using multi-spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. The results showed that the Neural Networks (NN) model based on Raman spectroscopy (RPD = 3.9727) and the NN model based on NIR spectroscopy (RPD = 5.1952) had the best prediction performance for the reducing sugar content in the mashing and boiling stages; The partial least Squares (PLS) model based on Raman spectroscopy (RPD = 2.7301) and the NN model based on Raman spectroscopy (RPD = 4.3892) predicted the content of free amino nitrogen best; The PLS model based on UV-Vis spectroscopy (RPD = 4.0412) and the NN model based on Raman spectroscopy (RPD = 4.0540) are most suitable for the quantitative analysis of total phenols. The results can be used as a guide for real-time control of wort quality in industrial production.
•A new method is proposed to reduce the charging delay of non-insulated superconducting coils and is promising to achieve better control precision than the classic feedback control based on real-time ...field measurement.•Based on the lumped circuit model, the current charging curve corresponding to a desired field excitation could be calculated for the NI coil.•Using the proposed fast excitation method could successfully achieve the desired field with high accuracy and mitigate the field delay from 130 s to almost 0 s.•At 77 K, the no-insulated coil solidified by fusible alloys has excellent magnetothermal stability.
No-insulation (NI) coil has been recognized as the most practical solution at present to achieve ultra-high magnetic field with the REBCO high temperature superconductor thanks to its passive quench protection mechanism which is originated from the inter-turn current bypass. However, for the NI technique, one of the most important obstacles to a more general application is the field delay which is also a consequence of the lack of inter-turn insulation. The proportional and integral (PI) active feedback control of power supply has been developed to achieve a designed field ramping rate. The efficiency of this method could however be affected by the measurement accuracy of measuring equipment, sampling frequency, control accuracy of power supply and other factors. In this manuscript, we tried to use a more fundamental method to mitigate the field delay. The point is, though unlike in insulated coils the field generated is not proportional to coil current in NI coils, they do have a certain linear relation for a certain coil. Based on the lumped circuit model, the current charging curve corresponding to a desired field excitation could be calculated for a NI coil. We verified this method on several solder impregnated no-insulation coils (SINoInCs) to excite their field with different rates, for which the field delay with normal charging method could be very large because of the very low inter-turn resistance. The test results show that this kind of fast excitation method could successfully achieve the desired field with high accuracy and mitigate the field delay from 130 s to almost 0 s. Besides, the large overshoot current introduced by the fast charging does not quench the coils even with an overshoot current which is almost double of the coils’ operating current.
•A multi-physics model, which involves an electrical circuit module and a heat transfer module as well as their coupling, is established to simulate the quench-back effect in a CCT quadrupole ...magnet.•The difference of quench integrals between the calculated and measured values are less than 5%.•This model is easily reproducible and could be applied to CCT magnets with different configurations.•At the nominal operating condition of the studied magnet, the quench-back effect could reduce the quench integral by more than 2/3, strongly releasing the difficulty of quench protection and leaving potential for further increase the current density of the CCT magnet.
Quench-back is a complex but fascinating effect that could occur in canted-cosine-theta (CCT) magnets: the fast discharge after quench of the superconducting coil induces significant eddy currents in the conductive coil formers and then the eddy current evenly heats up the whole coil, accelerating the current decay in the coil without increasing its terminal voltage. In this study, we introduce a multi-physics model, which involves an electrical circuit module and a heat transfer module as well as their coupling, to simulate the quench behavior in a CCT quadrupole magnet with special attention on the quench-back effect. The simulation is found to reproduce the measured current decay of a CCT quadrupole magnet well, with less than 5% deviation in the quench integrals at different quench currents. Under the nominal operating condition of the studied coil, the quench-back effect reduces the quench integral by more than two-thirds, strongly releasing the difficulty of quench protection. Accurate simulation of the quench-back effect would allow it to be fully utilized in magnet design, and eventually allows higher operating current density in CCT magnets.
Abstract
Clivia miniata is renowned for its evergreen and strap-like leaves, whereas its floral color and scent are lacking diversity. Here, anthocyanin, volatile terpene, and carotenoid metabolisms ...were integrally investigated in C. miniata flowers. The results showed that pelargonidins and lutein might cooperate to confer orange or yellow color to C. miniata flowers, but only a trace amount of (+)-limonene was detected. The expression levels of CmF3′H and CmDFR appeared to be responsible for the ratio of cyanidin and pelargonidin derivatives in C. miniata, and the low expression of CmF3′H was responsible for the lack of cyanidins in flowers. Moreover, the CmF3′H promoter could not be activated by CmMYBAs, suggesting that it was controlled by novel regulators. Only two CmTPSs were functional, with CmTPS2 responsible for (+)-limonene synthesis, contributing to the monotonous flower volatile terpenes of C. miniata. CmCCD1a and CmCCD1b were able to cleave carotenoids at the 5,6 (5′,6′), and 9,10 (9′,10′) positions to generate volatile apocarotenoids, whereas the substrates found in low-quantities or specific subcellular localizations of CmCCD1s might constrain volatile apocarotenoid release. Consequently, activating F3′H and introducing novel F3′5′H or versatile TPS may be effective ways to modify the floral color and scent, respectively. Alternatively, modifying the carotenoid flux or CCD1 localization might affect floral color and scent simultaneously. Taking these results together, the present study provides a preliminary deciphering of the genetic constraints underlying flower color and scent development, and proposes possible schemes for further genetic modification of ornamental traits in C. miniata and other plants.
Background: The prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is unknown in China. We aimed to determine the prevalence of DDH in Chinese adults. Methods: In this study, we performed a ...cross?sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of Chinese adults. All participants underwent questionnaire investigation, physical examination, and X?ray examination. Factors associated with DDH were analyzed with logistic regression. Results: We invited 29,180 individuals aged 18 years and over to participate, randomly selected from 18 primary sampling units (street districts in urban areas and townships in rural areas). The survey and examination were completed in 25,767 people (10,296 men and 15,471 women). DDH was diagnosed in 391 people, yielding an overall DDH prevalence of 1.52%. Based on this information, we estimate the number of individuals with DDH in China to be approximately 16.05 million. DDH prevalence increased with age (odds ratio = 1.53 1.03–2.27, P = 0.036), was significantly higher among women than men (2.07% vs. 0.75%, P < 0.001), and was higher among rural residents than urban residents (1.75% vs. 1.29%, P < 0.001). Economic development was independently associated with the presence of DDH. There was no evidence of an association between body mass index alone, education, or current smoking or drinking and risk of DDH (P > 0.05). Conclusions: DDH has become an important public health problem. Special attention should be paid to residents with DDH. Screening for DDH should be performed in China.
We theoretically report an approach to support multispectral ultranarrow Fano resonances (FRs) from ultraviolet (UV) to visible region in a 3D metamaterial composed of aluminium vertical split-ring ...resonators with a nanogap (Al VSRRG). The plasmonic hybridization between the 1st order broad localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance of the Al VSRRG and the 1st order narrow optical diffraction mode propagated in the dielectric substrate caused by the Wood anomaly, and the plasmonic hybridization between the 2nd order LSP resonance and the 2nd order optical diffraction mode produce the dual ultranarrow FRs with quality (Q) factors of 118 and 437 in the visible and UV regions, respectively. The simulated dual FRs phenomenon of the proposed Al VSRRG array is well explained by the coupled oscillator theory. In comparison with the Al VSRR without a gap, both the Q-factors of the double FR peaks and the localized electromagnetic field intensities of the Al VSRRG are further increased. The positions and line shapes of the ultrahigh-Q double FRs tuned by different geometric parameters are also investigated. Our designed simple 3D gap metamaterial has large group indexes of 210 and 240 in visible and UV regions, suggesting promising applications in slow light nanodevices.
Influenza A virus （IAV） infection is a major worldwide public health problem. However, the factors involved in mediating the inflammatory response to this infection and their relationships remain ...poorly understood. Here, we show that IAV infection stimulates the expression of the soluble IL-6 receptor （slL-6R）, a multifunctional protein involved in IL-6 signaling. Interestingly, slL-6R expression upregulated the levels of its own ligand, IL-6 and those of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-32. shRNA-mediated knockdown of slL-6R suppressed I L-6 and IL-32, indicating that this regulation is dependent on slL-6R during IAV infection. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that IL-32 participates in a negative feedback loop that inhibits slL-6R while upregulating IL-6 expression during IAV infection. Therefore, we show that slL-6R is a critical cellular factor involved in the acute inflammatory response to viral infection.
To investigate the influence of rehabilitation on left ventricular remodeling and systolic function in acute myocardial infarction patients.
Patients meeting the inclusion criteria with uneventful ...clinical course after a first myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to a 3-month exercise training period (exercise group, n = 35) or a control group (n = 29). Before randomization, all patients underwent NT-proBNP test, 2-dimensional echocardiography, and submaximal exercise test.
(1) At baseline, there were no significant differences in NT-proBNP, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between the exercise and control groups. After 3 months, a significant decrease in NT-proBNP was observed only in the exercise group from (845.29 +/- 93.48) ng/L to (335.64 +/- 246.14) ng/L, P < 0.05, but not in the control group from (1091.62 +/- 101.78) ng/L to (1099.83 +/- 168.75) ng/L, P > 0.05) and there was significant difference in NT-proBNP level between the two
The arginyl-tRNA synthetase (ArgRS) catalyzes the esterification reaction between L-arginine and its cognate tRNA Arg. Previously reported structures of ArgRS shed considerable light on the tRNA ...recognition mechanism, while the aspect of amino acid binding in ArgRS remains largely unexplored. Here we report the first crystal structure of E. coli ArgRS (eArgRS) complexed with L-arginine, and a series of mutational studies using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Combined with previously reported work on ArgRS, our results elucidated the structural and functional roles of a series of important residues in the active site, which furthered our understanding of this unique enzyme.
PDF
