Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have been received widespread research attention and developed as electrode materials for their superior electrical conductivity and excellent redox activity. In ...this work, self-supported three-dimensional hierarchical core-shell NiCoP@NiCoP@CC electrode has been fabricated by a two-step hydrothermal and a phosphorization method, in which NiCoP@NiCoP core-shell leaf-like arrays are directly grown on carbon cloth. The electrode integrates the advantages of the 1D core for “hyperchannel” of the electron transport, 2D shell on core for a short diffusion distance for the ions and also the charge carrier meanwhile improvement of cycle stability, and 3D networked substrate for flexibility. The as-fabricated electrode shows superior electrochemical performance and delivers a high specific capacity of 1125 C g−1 (312 mAh g−1) at 1 A g−1, and outstanding rate capability with 78.0% retention even at 10 A g−1 and still retain 808 C g−1 (224 mAh g−1) (71.8% retention) after 2000 cycles. In addition, the asymmetric supercapacitor has also been assembled for actual use by employing NiCoP@NiCoP electrode as the anode and the activated carbon (AC) as the cathode, which displays a voltage window of 1.5 V and a high energy density of 34.8 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 750.0 W kg−1. The results demonstrate feasibility of NiCoP@NiCoP core-shell array on carbon cloth as electrode material for high performance hybrid supercapacitor applications.
Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota communicates with the central nervous system, possibly through neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, and influences brain function. B. longum ...1714™ has previously been shown to attenuate cortisol output and stress responses in healthy subjects exposed to an acute stressor. However, the ability of B. longum 1714™ to modulate brain function in humans is unclear.
In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, the effects of B. longum 1714™ on neural responses to social stress, induced by the "Cyberball game," a standardized social stress paradigm, were studied. Forty healthy volunteers received either B. longum 1714™ or placebo for 4 weeks at a dose of 1 × 10 cfu/d. Brain activity was measured using magnetoencephalography and health status using the 36-item short-form health survey.
B. longum 1714™ altered resting-state neural oscillations, with an increase in theta band power in the frontal and cingulate cortex (P < 0.05) and a decrease in beta-3 band in the hippocampus, fusiform, and temporal cortex (P < 0.05), both of which were associated with subjective vitality changes. All groups showed increased social stress after a 4-week intervention without an effect at behavioral level due to small sample numbers. However, only B. longum 1714™ altered neural oscillation after social stress, with increased theta and alpha band power in the frontal and cingulate cortex (P < 0.05) and supramarginal gyrus (P < 0.05).
B. longum 1714™ modulated resting neural activity that correlated with enhanced vitality and reduced mental fatigue. Furthermore, B. longum 1714™ modulated neural responses during social stress, which may be involved in the activation of brain coping centers to counter-regulate negative emotions.
The placenta is crucial for a successful pregnancy and the health of both the fetus and the pregnant woman. However, how the human trophoblast lineage is regulated, including the categorization of ...the placental cell subtypes is poorly understood. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on sorted placental cells from first- and second-trimester human placentas. New subtypes of cells of the known cytotrophoblast cells (CTBs), extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs), Hofbauer cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells were identified and cell-type-specific gene signatures were defined. Functionally, this study revealed many previously unknown functions of the human placenta. Notably, 102 polypeptide hormone genes were found to be expressed by various subtypes of placental cells, which suggests a complex and significant role of these hormones in regulating fetal growth and adaptations of maternal physiology to pregnancy. These results document human placental trophoblast differentiation at single-cell resolution and thus advance our understanding of human placentation during the early stage of pregnancy.
Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is a unique member of the classes I HDACs and helps to regulate acute and chronic adaptation to environmental stimuli such as allergen, stress. Allergic diseases are ...complex diseases resulting from the effect of multiple genetic and interacting foreign substances. Epigenetics play an important role in both pathological and immunomodulatory conditions of allergic diseases. To be consistent with this role, recent evidence strongly suggests that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) plays a critical role in allergic response. HDAC1 expression is stimulated by allergen and attributes to increase T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine levels, decrease Th1/Th17 cells and anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and TWIK-related potassium channel-1 (Trek-1) expression. This review focuses on the contribution of HDAC1 and the regulatory role in characterizing allergic endotypes with common molecular pathways and understanding allergic multimorbidity relationships, as well as addressing their potential as therapeutic targets for these conditions.
We develop one new strategy for synthesis of Co3O4-histidine-functionalized graphene quantum dots. The synthesis strategy achieves to the small particle size of Co3O4 crystals, excellent dispersion ...and full contacts with His-GQD. The electrochemical sensor based on the nanohybrid exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity for the detection of hydroquinone.
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•We reported a method for synthesis of Co3O4-histidine-functionalized graphene quantum dots.•Nanohybrid offers three-dimensional structure with high porosity.•The sensing material provides high electrocatalytic activity for hydroquinone.•The sensor exhibits ultrasensitive electrochemical response towards hydroquinone.•The study provides a new approach for fabrication of graphene-based nanohybrids
Hybrid of metal oxide and graphene quantum dots may pave one way to improve their electronic, chemical and electrochemical properties. The paper reports one new strategy for synthesis of Co3O4-histidine-functionalized graphene quantum dots (Co3O4-His-GQD). Here, His-GQDs are combined with Co2+ ions to rapidly produce Co-His-GQD complex. Followed by the thermal annealing at 350°C in air to form Co3O4-His-GQD. The resulting nanohybrid offers a well-defined three-dimensional architecture with the rich of porous structures. The regulation of His-GQDs on the release rate of Co2+ ions during the oxidation process of Co2+ make the formed Co3O4 crystals have a small particle size of about 22nm. The in situ synthesis of Co3O4 on the surface of graphene sheets achieves to the intimate chemical and electrical contacts of Co3O4 with His-GQDs. This creates a fast energy and electron transfer between Co3O4 and His-GQDs in the nanohybrid. The sensor based on the Co3O4-His-GQD exhibits an ultrahigh electrochemical response towards hydroquinone. Its differential pulse voltammetric peak current linearly increases with increasing hydroquinone in the range of 2×10−9–8.0×10−4M with the detection limit 8.2×10−10M (S/N=3). The sensitivity is better than that of both His-GQDs sensor and Co3O4 sensor. The analytical method provides the advantage of sensitivity, selectivity and stability, it has been successfully applied in the determination of hydroquinone in environmental water samples. The study also provides a promising approach for fabrication of functional graphene quantum dot-based electrode materials with high-performance for sensing, electrocatalysis, supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries.
Given the global high prevalence of MASLD and its poor CVD prognosis, it is essential to perform risk stratification for MASLD patients. The specific impact of High Sensitivity Troponins (hs-cTn ) on ...mortality in MASLD patients remains unexplored. The NHANES databases from 1999 to 2004, which include data on high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) levels and comorbidities, were linked with the most recent mortality dataset. Myocardial injury was determined using the 99th upper reference limits (URL) for hs-cTn. Our study included 3460 MASLD patients. The mean follow-up duration was 192 months, during which 1074 (23%) MASLD participants died from all-cause mortality, and 363 (7.3%) died from CVD mortality. Our findings indicate that MASLD patients with elevated levels of hs-cTnT (> 99th URL) exhibit increased risks of all-cause mortality adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.93 and CVD mortality (aHR = 2.4). Similar results were observed for hs-cTnI, where the aHRs for all-cause mortality and CVD mortality were 2.03 and 2.97, respectively. Furthermore, we identified a nonlinear dose-response relationship between hs-cTn levels and the risk of mortality (P for nonlinearity < 0.001). Our findings suggest that hs-cTn can predict mortality risk in MASLD, aiding clinicians in risk-stratifying this population. Therefore, we recommend considering hs-cTn detection in individuals with MASLD to effectively assess their future mortality risk.
To systematically review the effects of probiotics on central nervous system function in animals and humans, to summarize effective interventions (species of probiotic, dose, duration), and to ...analyze the possibility of translating preclinical studies. Literature searches were conducted in Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Only randomized controlled trials were included. In total, 38 studies were included: 25 in animals and 15 in humans (2 studies were conducted in both). Most studies used
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), with doses between 10⁸ and 10¹⁰ colony-forming units for 2 weeks in animals and 4 weeks in humans. These probiotics showed efficacy in improving psychiatric disorder-related behaviors including anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, and memory abilities, including spatial and non-spatial memory. Because many of the basic science studies showed some efficacy of probiotics on central nervous system function, this background may guide and promote further preclinical and clinical studies. Translating animal studies to human studies has obvious limitations but also suggests possibilities. Here, we provide several suggestions for the translation of animal studies. More experimental designs with both behavioral and neuroimaging measures in healthy volunteers and patients are needed in the future.
Late Quaternary river blockage events in the mountainous regions of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, characterized by steep topographies and deeply-incised valleys, have commonly been triggered by ...tectonic and glacial activity. In this study, we described the geomorphological and sedimentological characteristics of a fluvial-lacustrine sedimentary sequence belonging to a dammed paleolake that formed along the Dongjiu River at the terminus of the Lulang Fault, on the western boundary of the Namche Barwa Syntaxis. Eight main lithofacies associations are proposed that represent four main paleoenvironments: a distal lacustrine environment, i.e. representing a lake distal environment; a lake margin environment; an ice-contact lacustrine environment; and a fluvial environment. 14C and OSL dating results indicate that the paleolake formed at least between ~7.1–3.6 ka. The paleolake covered ~2.27 km2 and contained a water volume of ~0.09 km3, with the water surface lying at an altitude of 2590 m above sea level (asl). The soft-sediment deformations induced by a paleoseismic event in the environs of the Lulang River nearby during the early Holocene, synchronous with the rock avalanche which dammed the Dongjiu River. We would therefore suggest that such a damming event might have been triggered by a paleoearthquake. Steepness index analysis of longitudinal profiles indicates that the paleodam caused by a landslide across the Dongjiu River was unable to preserve the stability of knickpoint, a migration that can potentially be related to a high river erosion rate.
•Dongjiu landslide dammed paleolake triggered by a Holocene earthquake has persisted at least ~7.1–3.6 ka.•Geomorphologic and sedimentological characteristics of the barrier dam and fluvial-lacustrine sediments.•Eight lithofacies associations revealed four main paleoenvironments during the blockage period.•Ksn indicates Dongjiu paleolandslide dam has lost the ability of to control the knickpoint stability.
Diverse molecular processes regulate the interactions between insect herbivores and their host plants. When plants are exposed to insects, elicitors induce plant defenses, and complex physiological ...and biochemical processes are triggered, such as the activation of the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways, Ca
flux, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, and other responses. For better adaptation, insects secrete a large number of effectors to interfere with plant defenses on multiple levels. In plants, resistance (R) proteins have evolved to recognize effectors and trigger stronger defense responses. However, only a few effectors recognized by R proteins have been identified until now. Multi-omics approaches for high-throughput elicitor/effector identification and functional characterization have been developed. In this review, we mainly highlight the recent advances in the identification of the elicitors and effectors secreted by insects and their target proteins in plants and discuss their underlying molecular mechanisms, which will provide new inspiration for controlling these insect pests.
The rapid increase of obesity and associated diseases has become a major global health problem. Adipose tissues are critical for whole-body homeostasis. The gut microbiota has been recognized as a ...significant environmental factor in the maintenance of energy homeostasis and host immunity. A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota regulates host metabolism through a close cross-talk with adipose tissues. It modulates energy expenditure and alleviates obesity by promoting energy expenditure, but it also produces specific metabolites and structural components that may act as the central factors in the pathogenesis of inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity. Understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and adipose tissues may provide potential intervention strategies to treat obesity and associated diseases. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the gut microbiota and its actions on adipose tissues and highlight the joint actions of the gut microbiota and adipose tissue with each other in the regulation of energy metabolism.
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