We investigate the evolution of galaxy clustering for galaxies in the redshift range 2.0 <z< 5.0 using the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey (VUDS). We present the projected (real-space) two-point correlation ...function wp(rp) measured by using 3022 galaxies with robust spectroscopic redshifts in two independent fields (COSMOS and VVDS-02h) covering in total 0.8deg2. We quantify how the scale dependent clustering amplitude r0 changes with redshift making use of mock samples to evaluate and correct the survey selection function. Using a power-law model ξ(r) = (r/r0)− γ we find that the correlation function for the general population is best fit by a model with a clustering length r0 = 3.95+0.48-0.54 h-1 Mpc and slope γ = 1.8+0.02-0.06 at z ~ 2.5, r0 = 4.35 ± 0.60 h-1 Mpc and γ = 1.6+0.12-0.13 at z ~ 3.5. We use these clustering parameters to derive the large-scale linear galaxy bias bLPL, between galaxies and dark matter. We find bLPL = 2.68 ± 0.22 at redshift z ~ 3 (assuming σ8 = 0.8), significantly higher than found at intermediate and low redshifts for the similarly general galaxy populations. We fit a halo occupation distribution (HOD) model to the data and we obtain that the average halo mass at redshift z ~ 3 is Mh = 1011.75 ± 0.23 h-1M⊙. From this fit we confirm that the large-scale linear galaxy bias is relatively high at bLHOD = 2.82 ± 0.27. Comparing these measurements with similar measurements at lower redshifts we infer that the star-forming population of galaxies at z ~ 3 should evolve into the massive and bright (Mr< −21.5)galaxy population, which typically occupy haloes of mass ⟨ Mh ⟩ = 1013.9 h-1M⊙ at redshift z = 0.
Physician practice variation may be a barrier to informing hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients about fertility preservation (FP) options. We surveyed HCT physicians in the United States to ...evaluate FP knowledge, practices, perceptions and barriers. Of the 1035 physicians invited, 185 completed a 29-item web-survey. Most respondents demonstrated knowledge of FP issues and discussed and felt comfortable discussing FP. However, only 55% referred patients to an infertility specialist. Most did not provide educational materials to patients and only 35% felt that available materials were relevant for HCT. Notable barriers to discussing FP included perception that patients were too ill to delay transplant (63%), patients were already infertile from prior therapy (92%) and time constraints (41%). Pediatric HCT physicians and physicians with access to an infertility specialist were more likely to discuss FP and to discuss FP even when prognosis was poor. On analyses that considered physician demographics, knowledge and perceptions as predictors of referral for FP, access to an infertility specialist and belief that patients were interested in FP were observed to be significant. We highlight variation in HCT physician perceptions and practices regarding FP. Physicians are generally interested in discussing fertility issues with their patients but lack educational materials.
There has been limited information about the relations between Helicobacter pylori infection and expressions of apoptosis-related proteins p53, ASPP and iASPP in gastric cancer and precancerous ...lesions.
H. pylori in gastric mucosa were identified by W-S staining and rapid urease test. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins P53, ASPP2 and iASPP in the gastric tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry.
The concentrations of H. pylori and expressions of p53 and iASPP in gastric carcinoma group and precancerous lesion group were higher than in benign gastric diseases group (P<0.05). The expressions of ASPP2 in gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesion group were lower than in benign gastric diseases group (P<0.05). The expressions of p53 and iASPP in H. pylori positive group were higher than in H. pylori negative group (P<0.05), whereas ASPP2 in H. pylori positive group were lower than in H. pylori negative group (P<0.05).
There was a higher rate H. pylori infection, an increased expression of apoptosis inhibitor iASPP, and decreased expression of apoptosis stimulator ASPP2 in gastric cancer or precancerous tissues. These results suggest that H. pylori may cause gastric cancer by up-regulating iASPP and down-regulating ASPP2.
Il y a peu d’informations sur les relations entre l’infection à Helicobacter pylori et les expressions de l’apoptose liée à p53, PAES et PPEEE dans le cancer gastrique et des lésions précancéreuses.
H. pylori dans la muqueuse gastrique a été identifié par une coloration WS et le test rapide à l’uréase. Les expressions de l’apoptose liée à P53 protéines, ASPP2 et PPEEE dans les tissus gastriques ont été déterminées par immunohistochimie.
Les concentrations de H. pylori et les expressions de p53 et PPEEE dans le groupe cancer de l’estomac et le groupe lésion précancéreuse étaient plus élevées que dans les maladies bénignes du groupe gastrique (p<0,05). Les expressions de ASPP2 dans le cancer gastrique et le groupe lésion précancéreuse étaient plus faibles que dans le groupe des maladies bénignes gastriques (p<0,05). Les expressions de p53 et PPEEE en vue de l’H. pylori groupe étaient plus élevées que chez l’H. pylori groupe négatif (p<0,05), alors que dans ASPP2 l’H. pylori groupe, elles étaient inférieures à celles de l’H. pylori groupe négatif (p<0,05).
Il y avait une infection à H. pylori à un taux plus élevé, une augmentation de l’expression de l’inhibiteur de l’apoptose PPEEE et une diminution de l’expression de l’apoptose stimulateur ASPP2 dans le cancer gastrique ou de tissus précancéreux. Ces résultats suggèrent que H. pylori peut causer le cancer gastrique par up-regulation PPEEE et en régulant ASPP2.
Treatment-resistant glioma stem cells are thought to propagate and drive growth of malignant gliomas, but their markers and our ability to target them specifically are not well understood. We ...demonstrate that podoplanin (PDPN) expression is an independent prognostic marker in gliomas across multiple independent patient cohorts comprising both high- and low-grade gliomas. Knockdown of PDPN radiosensitized glioma cell lines and glioma-stem-like cells (GSCs). Clonogenic assays and xenograft experiments revealed that PDPN expression was associated with radiotherapy resistance and tumor aggressiveness. We further demonstrate that knockdown of PDPN in GSCs
in vivo
is sufficient to improve overall survival in an intracranial xenograft mouse model. PDPN therefore identifies a subset of aggressive, treatment-resistant glioma cells responsible for radiation resistance and may serve as a novel therapeutic target.
Simulation models (SMs) combine information from a variety of sources to provide a useful tool for examining how the effects of obesity unfold over time and impact population health. SMs can aid in ...the understanding of the complex interaction of the drivers of diet and activity and their relation to health outcomes. As emphasized in a recently released report of the Institute or Medicine, SMs can be especially useful for considering the potential impact of an array of policies that will be required to tackle the obesity problem. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of existing SMs for obesity. First, a background section introduces the different types of models, explains how models are constructed, shows the utility of SMs and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. Using these typologies, we then briefly review extant obesity SMs. We categorize these models according to their focus: health and economic outcomes, trends in obesity as a function of past trends, physiologically based behavioural models, environmental contributors to obesity and policy interventions. Finally, we suggest directions for future research.
An efficient and explicit solution for the surface deformation of quarter-space under normal load is developed using the concept of flexibility matrix, which serves like springs in response to loads. ...Quarter-space is characterized by the unbounded side surface, such as in roller bearings and gears. The solution method is verified using a typical case. The edge effect on surface deformation under three load types namely, Hertzian point, flat cylindrical punch and Hertzian line, are evaluated. The effect can be considerable if the applied load is close to edge. The flexibility matrix is constant for a given case. Hence, the solution method is highly efficient, and particularly suitable for quarter-space problems which require iterative calculations, such as elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication analyses.
•An efficient and explicit method for surface deformation of quarter-space developed.•Flexibility matrix derived to obtain surface deformation directly from the applied load.•Effect of free edge surface of quarter-space on deformation studied.•Flexibility matrix being independent of load and thus used repeatedly for a given case.
Despite the significant advances in cardiac surgery, heart valve replacement still faces a dilemma. While mechanical valves offer lifelong durability they also commit patients to anticoagulation ...treatment for the rest of their life. On the other hand, bioprosthetic valves have superior hemodynamic performance but durability of the bioprosthesis limits their use to the elderly, with early onset calcification being the primary cause of biomaterial breakdown. Considering that bioprosthetic valves are not reliant upon anticoagulation, there has been much focus on measures to overcome their issues with durability. Firstly, the calcification process has been studied and factors such as young patient age, use of glutaraldehyde fixative, the presence of phospholipids along with cell debris in the valve tissue and mechanical stress have been identified to influence tissue mineralization. Therefore different calcification reduction strategies are being sought: new fixatives have been developed and tested and post-treatments have been added to tissue processing. This review presents the pathophysiology of tissue valve calcification and focuses on the multiple approaches developed to prevent bioprosthetic heart valve calcification, as well as on their general outcomes and translation to clinical applications.
Background: Increased plasma levels of coagulation factor (F) XI are a risk factor for venous thrombosis. Objective: To further explore the relationship between FXI and venous thrombosis, we ...evaluated FXI‐deficient and wild‐type mice in a ferric chloride (FeCl3)‐induced vena cava thrombosis model. Methods and Results: Thrombosis was induced by 3‐min topical application of filter papers containing increasing concentrations of FeCl3 and the thrombus was measured at 30 min. In contrast to wild‐type mice, FXI‐deficient mice failed to form a thrombus with 5% FeCl3, and were partially protected against 7.5% and 10% FeCl3, respectively. The protective effect was substantially stronger than a high dose of heparin (1000 units kg−1, i.v.), clopidogrel (30 mg kg−1, p.o.) or argatroban (30 mg kg−1, i.p.). These antithrombotic agents resulted in off‐scale bleeding in a tail bleeding time assay, whereas the bleeding time of FXI‐deficient mice was unchanged compared to wild‐type mice. In addition to its known effect on the coagulation cascade, enhanced clot lysis was demonstrated in FXI‐deficient mouse and human plasma compared to those supplemented with FXIa. Conclusion: Given the strong antithrombotic efficacy (possibly contributed by strong anticoagulant activity associated with increased fibrinolytic activity) and mild bleeding diathesis associated with FXI deficiency, therapeutic inhibition of FXI may be a reasonable therapeutic strategy to treat or prevent venous thrombosis.
Human protein arginine N-methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2, HRMT1L1) is a protein that belongs to the arginine methyltransferase family, and it has diverse roles in transcriptional regulation through ...different mechanisms depending on its binding partners. In this study, we provide evidences for the negative effect of PRMT2 on breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Morever, cyclin D1, one of the key modulators of cell cycle, was found to be downregulated by PRMT2, and PRMT2 was further shown to suppress the estrogen receptor α-binding affinity to the activator protein-1 (AP-1) site in cyclin D1 promoter through indirect binding with AP-1 site, resulting in the inhibition of cyclin D1 promoter activity in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the expression of PRMT2 and cyclin D1 was confirmed in the breast cancer tissues by using tissue microarray assay. In addition, PRMT2 was found to show a high absent percentage in breast caner cell nuclei and the nuclear loss ratio of PRMT2 was demonstrated to positively correlate with cyclin D1 expression and the increasing tumor grade of invasive ductal carcinoma. Those results offer an essential insight into the effect of PRMT2 on breast carcinogenesis, and PRMT2 nuclear loss might be an important biological marker for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
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