Abstract
Recently, monolayer molybdenum disulphide (MoS
2
) has emerged as a promising and non–precious electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. However, its performance is largely limited by ...the low density and poor reactivity of active sites within its basal plane. Here, we report that domain boundaries in the basal plane of monolayer MoS
2
can greatly enhance its hydrogen evolution reaction performance by serving as active sites. Two types of effective domain boundaries, the 2H-2H domain boundaries and the 2H-1T phase boundaries, were investigated. Superior hydrogen evolution reaction catalytic activity, long-term stability and universality in both acidic and alkaline conditions were achieved based on a multi-hierarchy design of these two types of domain boundaries. We further demonstrate that such superior catalysts are feasible at a large scale by applying this multi-hierarchy design of domain boundaries to wafer-scale monolayer MoS
2
films.
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common age-associated neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the presence of α-synuclein-containing ...aggregates in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Chronic neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of PD pathophysiology. Post-mortem analyses of human PD patients and experimental animal studies indicate that activation of glial cells and increases in pro-inflammatory factor levels are common features of the PD brain. Chronic release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by activated astrocytes and microglia leads to the exacerbation of DA neuron degeneration in the SNpc. Besides, peripheral immune system is also implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Infiltration and accumulation of immune cells from the periphery are detected in and around the affected brain regions of PD patients. Moreover, inflammatory processes have been suggested as promising interventional targets for PD and even other neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of the role of inflammation in PD will provide new insights into the pathological processes and help to establish effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will summarize recent progresses in the neuroimmune aspects of PD and highlight the potential therapeutic interventions targeting neuroinflammation.
Abstract
Twist angle between adjacent layers of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials provides an exotic degree of freedom to enable various fascinating phenomena, which opens a research ...direction—twistronics. To realize the practical applications of twistronics, it is of the utmost importance to control the interlayer twist angle on large scales. In this work, we report the precise control of interlayer twist angle in centimeter-scale stacked multilayer MoS
2
homostructures via the combination of wafer-scale highly-oriented monolayer MoS
2
growth techniques and a water-assisted transfer method. We confirm that the twist angle can continuously change the indirect bandgap of centimeter-scale stacked multilayer MoS
2
homostructures, which is indicated by the photoluminescence peak shift. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the stack structure can affect the electrical properties of MoS
2
homostructures, where 30° twist angle yields higher electron mobility. Our work provides a firm basis for the development of twistronics.
Many natural photomodulated nanochannels are investigated and are crucial for biological activity. Biomimetic nanochannels with a bistable conductance state under light stimulus are demonstrated. In ...this system, two molecules, cis‐bis‐(4,4′‐dicarboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine) dithiocyanato ruthenium(II) (N3) and spiropyran 1′‐(3‐carboxypropyl)‐3′,3′‐dimethyl‐6‐nitro‐spiro2H‐1benzopyran‐2,2′‐indoline (SP‐COOH), each with unique photoresponsive properties, are modified in alumina nanochannels. The two segments of the hourglass‐shaped alumina nanochannels are designated to graft a certain molecule. Under ultraviolet (UV) or visible light (vis) irradiation, electrons belonging to N3 are excited, resulting in negatively charged surfaces on the sides of nanochannels modified with N3 molecules. Only under UV stimulus, the conformation change of the SP‐COOH molecules leads to positively charged surfaces of nanochannels in the SP‐COOH occupied sides. Benefiting from the joint effect of N3 and SP‐COOH, low, medium, and high (i.e., “0,” “1,” and “2”) ternary levels of ion conductance are established under the dark–vis–UV alternate stimuli. The multistage current switching containing “0‐1‐2‐0” and “0‐1‐2‐1‐0” procedures is stable and robust. Additionally, the diode‐like ion transport behavior of the nanochannels could be exploited to support a multivalued logical gating with the management of light signals.
A biomimetic dark–vis–UV ternary switching based on N3/SP‐COOH‐modified nanochannels with the cooperative function of photoinduced electron transition in N3 and conformational change from SP‐COOH is developed. Low, medium, and high (i.e., “0,” “1,” and “2”) ion current conductances are demonstrated with stable switching cycles of “0‐1‐2‐0” and “0‐1‐2‐1‐0,” which support the construction of a photocontrolled multivalued logical gating.
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•FENDRR is downregulated in NSCLC and inversely associated with prognosis.•FENDRR inhibits the aggressiveness of NSCLC depend on miR-761.•TIMP2 is identified as the downstream target ...of miR-761.•FENDRR suppresses the progression of NSCLC via regulating miR-761/TIMP2.
To explore the roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) FOXF1 Adjacent Non-Coding Developmental Regulatory RNA (FENDRR) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The levels of FENDRR in NSCLC cells and tissues were analyzed using qRT-PCR assay. The growth and colony formation abilities of NSCLC cell were analyzed by the MTT and colony formation tests. The mobility and invasiveness of NSCLC cell were analyzed using the wound closure and Transwell invasion assay. The impact of FENDRR on the tumor growth of NSCLC cells in vivo was detected using xenograft model. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene bioassay were selected to identify the bindings sites between miR-761 and FENDRR. Additional, the results of Transwell invasion and colony formation experiments indicated that FENDRR inhibited the aggressiveness of NSCLC depend on miR-761. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) was identified as the downstream target of miR-761 and its level was positively regulated by FENDRR. Cotransfection assays using A549 and H1975 cells future implied that downexpression of TIMP2 rescued the aggressiveness phenotypes of NSCLC cell inhibited by FENDRR. Altogether, we demonstrated that lncRNA FENDRR suppressed the progression of NSCLC via binding to miR-761 and regulating TIMP2 expression.
The poor stability of carbon materials doped with nitrogen limited their development in acetylene hydrochlorination. Therefore, investigating the deactivation reasons of carbon catalysts and ...researching regeneration methods became the research focus. Herein, carbon-nitrogen materials were synthesized by one-step pyrolysis, which using biomass materials with high nitrogen content, the synthesized material was used in an acetylene hydrochlorination reaction. The acetylene conversion rate of D-GH-800 catalyst was up to 99%, but the catalytic activity decreased by 30% after 60 h reaction. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the coke content was 5.87%, resulting in catalyst deactivation. Temperature-programmed desorption verified that the deactivation was due to the strong adsorption and difficult desorption of acetylene by the D-GH-800 catalyst, resulting in the accumulation of acetylene on the catalyst surface to form carbon polymers and leading to the pore blockage phenomenon. Furthermore, based on the catalyst deactivation by carbon accumulation, we proposed a new idea of regeneration by ZnCl
activation to eliminate carbon deposition in the pores of the deactivated catalyst. As a result, the activity of D-GH-800 was recovered, and lifetime was also extended. Our strategy illustrated the mechanism of carbon deposition, and the recoverability of the catalyst has promising applications.
Cycloxaprid is a novel cis-configuration neonicotinoid insecticide that is effective against a wide range of insect pests, including those that are resistant to conventional neonicotinoids. In this ...study, life table parameters were applied to estimate the cycloxaprid-induced sublethal effects on Aphis gossypii. The results indicated that the LC
(0.81 mg a.i. L
) of cycloxaprid significantly decreased the pre-oviposition period in first-progeny adults. Additionally, the life expectancy of F1 generation adults was reduced. However, no significant differences were observed for the intrinsic rate of increase (r
), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R
), or mean generation time (T) of F1 individuals. Therefore, resurgence in the A. gossypii population induced by a low concentration of cycloxaprid might not occur. Additionally, the response of the detoxification enzymes showed that cycloxaprid at the LC
inhibited cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities at 6 h after exposure. Such inhibition of P450 and GST activities could lead to a decrease in the metabolism of cycloxaprid, which would increase the efficacy of cycloxaprid. Therefore, our results contribute to the assessment of the overall effects of cycloxaprid on A. gossypii.
As an emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor material, monolayer MoS
2
has recently attracted considerable attention. Various promising applications of this material have been proposed for ...electronics, optoelectronics, sensing, catalysis, energy storage, and so on. To realize these practical applications, high-quality and large-area MoS
2
with controllable properties is required. Among the many different synthesis techniques, epitaxy provides a promising route for producing MoS
2
monolayers. Here, we review the epitaxial growth of monolayer MoS
2
on various substrates, with a particular focus on large-scale films with large domain sizes and high domain alignments. Finally, we offer perspectives and challenges for future research and applications of this technology.
A series of Zn-Bi/MCM-41 catalysts were efficiently synthesized for the hydration of acetylene to acetaldehyde. The catalytic performance was examined in a fixed-bed reactor at 240 °C, ...GHSV(C2H2) = 90 h−1, and n(H2O)/n(C2H2) = 4. It was demonstrated that Zn-4Bi/MCM-41 showed the better catalytic activity with 90% of acetylene conversion and 85% of selectivity to acetaldehyde. The addition of BiCl3 inhibited the loss of zinc species in the reaction, reduced the generation of carbon deposition, and enhanced the dispersion of zinc species. This work could provide new ideas for the development of highly stable catalytic systems for acetylene hydration to acetaldehyde.
•The influence of the impregnation order for the metal components on the catalytic activity of the Zn catalyst.•The bimetallic catalysts markedly improved catalytic performance of Zn catalyst.•BiCl3 additive enhanced the dispersion of metal components, effectively inhibited carbon deposition, and prevented the loss of Zn components.
Neuroinflammation regulated by microglia is one of the important factors involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Activated microglia exhibited phenotypes termed as M1 and M2 ...phenotypes separately. M1 microglia contribute to the development of inflammation
via
upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, while M2 microglia exert anti-inflammation effects through enhancing the expression of anti-inflammation factors. Moreover, M1 and M2 microglia could be mutually transformed under various conditions. Both M1 and M2 microglia are implicated in AD. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau are two major components of AD pathological hallmarks, neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. Both Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau were involved in microglial activation and subsequent inflammation, which further contribute to neuronal and synaptic loss in AD. In this review, we summarized the roles of M1 and M2 microglia in AD and underlying mechanisms, which will provide an insight into the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of AD and highlight the therapeutic potential of modulating microglia.
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