Women not only have worse diabetes complications, but also have menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause which can make managing diabetes more difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate if ...radial pressure wave analysis may non-invasively screen for women's risk of type 2 diabetes.
Spectrum analysis of the radial pressure wave was performed to evaluate the first five harmonic components, C1 to C5. The study consisted of a total of 808 non-pregnant female subjects aged 20-95 over the period of 4 years, and 404 of them were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes as the case group.
The first five harmonic components are significantly different in a comparison of the case group and the control group. In the logistic regression analysis, T2DM was found to be associated with C1 (OR = 1.055, CI = 1.037-1.074, p < 0.001), C2 (OR = 1.051, CI = 1.019-1.085, p = 0.002), and C3 (OR = 0.972, CI = 0.950-0.994, p = 0.013). In the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis, the Area Under Curve of using C3 only (70%, p <0.05), weighted C1, C2 and C3, (75%, p < 0.05), and weighted C1, C2 and C3 and Body mass Index (84%, p <0.05) were tested for the accuracy on how well these tests separate the women into the groups with and without the T2DM.
We thus concluded that pulse spectrum was a non-invasive predictor for women's risk of T2DM.
In this paper, we mainly establish a general form of Berry-Esséen bound for α-mixing random variables. With different choices of the parameters, the rates are shown as
,
, and approximately
. These ...results improved some corresponding ones in the literature. An application to the Berry-Esséen bound of sample quantiles is further provided. Moreover, some simulations are also carried out to support the theoretical results.
In this paper, some probability inequalities and moment inequalities for widely orthant-dependent (WOD, in short) random variables are presented, especially the Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund type inequality ...and Rosenthal type inequality. By using these inequalities, we further study the complete convergence for weighted sums of arrays of row-wise WOD random variables and give some special cases, which extend some corresponding ones for dependent sequences. As applications, we present some sufficient conditions to prove the complete consistency for the estimator of nonparametric regression model based on WOD errors by using the complete convergence that we established. At last, the choice of the fixed design points and the weight functions for the nearest neighbor estimates is proposed. Our results generalize some known results for independent random variables and some dependent random variables.
In this study, we maneuvered a dual-band spectral imaging system to capture an iridal image from a cosmetic-contact-lens-wearing subject. By using the independent component analysis to separate ...individual spectral primitives, we successfully distinguished the natural iris texture from the cosmetic contact lens (CCL) pattern, and restored the genuine iris patterns from the CCL-polluted image. Based on a database containing 200 test image pairs from 20 CCL-wearing subjects as the proof of concept, the recognition accuracy (False Rejection Rate: FRR) was improved from FRR = 10.52% to FRR = 0.57% with the proposed ICA anti-spoofing scheme.
AimsAssessing the hemodynamic changes of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using harmonic analysis of both non-invasively measured radial pulse and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals to propose a DR risk ...indicator.MethodsA total of 1879 patients with diabetes were followed on average of 3.5 years. The radial pulse and PPG signals were measured at the beginning of the trial. Kaplan-Meier curves of the DR risk indicator was analyzed. In addition, the correlation between the measurements of the radial pulse and PPG was evaluated.ResultsIn comparison of the patients' clinical characteristics, years of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, HbA1C, ACR, urinary albumin and fourth harmonic (C4) were higher in the DR group, and eGFR and third harmonic (C3) were lower. Patients in the high-DR risk group had a 1.8-fold higher risk of developing retinopathy than those in the low-risk group (log-rank test, p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between radial pulse and PPG measurements for C3 and C4 were 0.727 and 0.628, respectively.ConclusionsThe harmonic analysis of radial pulse and PPG signals may be used to reflect the effect of DR in hemodynamics and the derived harmonic components may predict the risk of DR of patients with type 2 diabetes.
In this paper, we demonstrate a rotational actuator using a thermomagnetic-induced magnetic force interaction. The actuator consists of a magnetic rotary beam, stainless-steel bearing, mechanical ...frame, thermomagnetic Gadolinium sheets, and thermoelectric generators (TEGs). Experimental results show that applying a sequence of currents to the TEGs successfully produces sequential magnetic forces. Consequently, these sequential magnetic forces rotate the beam for revolutions. When applying a sequence set of currents of -0.5 and 1.3 A, the maximum rotation speed and maximum stall torque of the actuator is 3.81 rpm and 136.2~\mu Nm, respectively. Most importantly, the operating temperatures of other thermomagnetic (and electrothermal) actuators are usually high, but the operating temperature of our actuator is approximately room temperature (13 °C-27 °C). Therefore, our actuators have more practical applications. According to the above-mentioned features, we believe our actuator is an important alternative approach to developing future rotational actuators and motors.
We report the magnetic-field-assisted electric-field-controlled domain switching of a magnetic single domain in a multiferroic/magnetoelectric Ni nanochevrons/Pb(Mg
Nb
)O
-PbTiO
(PMN-PT) layered ...structure. Initially, a magnetic field was applied in the transverse direction across single-domain Ni nanochevrons to transform each of them into a two-domain state. Subsequently, an electric field was applied to the layered structure, exerting the converse magnetoelectric effect to transform/release the two-domain Ni nanochevrons into one of two possible single-domain states. Finally, the experimental results showed that approximately 50% of the single-domain Ni nanochevrons were switched permanently after applying our approach (i.e., the magnetization direction was permanently rotated by 180 degrees). These results mark important advancements for future nanoelectromagnetic systems.
Pregnancy and menopause are significant life events associated with major changes in female hormone levels and changes in cardiovascular health. The role of estrogen in influencing cardiovascular ...risk is an ongoing research topic. Many studies have provided evidence that radial pressure wave characteristics are an important indicator to consistently and independently predict cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to investigate if radial pressure wave analysis provided statistical insights into the physiological variations due to pregnancy and menopause. Furthermore, the study investigated how these variations could serve as an indicator for cardiovascular risks. As the radial pulse measurement is non-invasive and speedy, it may be helpful in evaluating cardiovascular changes and risk during these transitions.
A total of 702 randomly selected female subjects (90 pregnant and 97 post-menopausal), aged 20–59, enrolled in the study. The visit measured the subject's hemodynamic parameters including heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and radial pressure waves. SBP and DBP were evaluated by an automatic blood pressure monitor. Radial pressure wave data were continuously recorded for 12-s using a TD01C pulse measuring instrument. Spectrum analysis of the radial pressure wave was performed to evaluate the first five harmonic components (C1–C5).
A comparison of pregnant women to non-pregnant women showed C3 and C5 were lower. Heart rate C2 and C4 were higher in pregnant women. A comparison of women pre-menopausal and post-menopausal showed no significant difference in SBP or DBP. Menopause significantly changed the C1 and C4 radial pressure wave harmonics. An increase in C1 and a decrease in C4 were observed.
This study provided further clinical evidence to support the hemodynamic model that describes the cardiovascular changes and risks related to the harmonic components of the pulse spectrum. Beyond blood pressure, the effects of menopause on the radial pressure wave, especially on hemodynamic index C4, independent of age and BMI, may explain increased post-menopausal cardiovascular risk. This and past studies collectively suggest that radial pressure wave components may be an indicator of a female body's ability to supply oxygen and nutrients. Harmonic analysis of the radial pressure wave may provide additional insights into the underlying mechanism of the cardiovascular changes over the lifespan of a woman.
Background and aim: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and stroke are major sources of death and disability worldwide. Acupuncture has been used as a supplemental therapy for patients with TBI and stroke. ...This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of acupuncture therapy for patients with TBI and stroke by radial pulse spectrum. Experimental procedure: 22 patients (6 TBI and 16 stroke) were enrolled and underwent radial pressure wave measurement before and after acupuncture treatment at Dubi (ST-35), Zusanli (ST-36) and Jiexi (ST-41). The harmonic analysis of the radial pressure wave was calculated and transformed into Fourier series coefficients Cn, Pn and the variation coefficient CnCV. Results: After acupuncture, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and Glasgow Coma Scale changed very slightly. The harmonic index C4, C7, C9, C10, C3CV and C5CV had significant increases. (P ＜ 0.05) After 3-week course acupuncture treatment, systolic blood pressure, C7, C8, C9, C10 and P10 had significant increases. (P ＜ 0.05) Conclusion: Harmonic analysis of radial pulse waves may detect earlier circulatory system changes of acupuncture treatment before they were evident with other hemodynamic readings or scale.
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