Exponential integrability properties of numerical approximations are a key tool for establishing positive rates of strong and numerically weak convergence for a large class of nonlinear stochastic ...differential equations. It turns out that well-known numerical approximation processes such as Euler-Maruyama approximations, linear-implicit Euler approximations, and some tamed Euler approximations from the literature rarely preserve exponential integrability properties of the exact solution. The main contribution of this article is to identify a class of stopped increment-tamed Euler approximations which preserve exponential integrability properties of the exact solution under minor additional assumptions on the involved functions.
This paper considers the forward error correction (FEC) code design for approaching the capacity of a dynamic multiple access channel (MAC) where both the number of users and their respective signal ...powers keep constantly changing, resembling the scenario of an actual wireless cellular system. To obtain a low-complexity non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme, we propose a serial concatenation of a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code and a repetition code (REP), this way achieving near Gaussian MAC (GMAC) capacity performance while coping with the dynamics of the MAC system. The joint optimization of the LDPC and REP codes is addressed by matching the analytical extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) functions of the sub-optimal multi-user detector (MUD) and the channel code for a specific and static MAC system, achieving near-GMAC capacity. We show that the near-capacity performance can be flexibly maintained with the same LDPC code regardless of the variations in the number of users and power levels. This flexibility (or elasticity) is provided by the REP code, acting as "user-load and power equalizer", dramatically simplifying the practical implementation of NOMA schemes, as only a single LDPC code is needed to cope with the dynamics of the MAC system.
During the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), while bringing various serious threats to the world, it reminds us that we need to take precautions to control the transmission of the ...virus. The rise of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has made related data collection and processing, including healthcare monitoring systems, more convenient on the one hand, and requirements of public health prevention are also changing and more challengeable on the other hand. One of the most effective nonpharmaceutical medical intervention measures is mask wearing. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an automatic real-time mask detection method to help prevent the public epidemic. In this article, we put forward an edge computing-based mask (ECMask) identification framework to help public health precautions, which can ensure real-time performance on the low-power camera devices of buses. Our ECMask consists of three main stages: 1) video restoration; 2) face detection; and 3) mask identification. The related models are trained and evaluated on our bus drive monitoring data set and public data set. We construct extensive experiments to validate the good performance based on real video data, in consideration of detection accuracy and execution time efficiency of the whole video analysis, which have valuable application in COVID-19 prevention.
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are composed of silicon dioxide, the most abundant compound on Earth, and are used widely in many applications including the food industry, synthetic processes, medical ...diagnosis, and drug delivery due to their controllable particle size, large surface area, and great biocompatibility. Building on basic synthetic methods, convenient and economical strategies have been developed for the synthesis of SiNPs. Numerous studies have assessed the biomedical applications of SiNPs, including the surface and structural modification of SiNPs to target various cancers and diagnose diseases. However, studies on the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of SiNPs remain in the exploratory stage, and the toxicity mechanisms of SiNPs are poorly understood. This review covers recent studies on the biomedical applications of SiNPs, including their uses in drug delivery systems to diagnose and treat various diseases in the human body. SiNP toxicity is discussed in terms of the different systems of the human body and the individual organs in those systems. This comprehensive review includes both fundamental discoveries and exploratory progress in SiNP research that may lead to practical developments in the future.
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•This review summarizes the current status of SiNPs, focusing on synthesis, biomedical applications, and toxicity.•We discuss the applications of SiNPs in medical fields by classifying the main systems of the human body.•We discuss the toxicity and possible mechanisms of SiNPs in various organs.
: Recent household overcrowding has strongly affected households’ mental health in China. The possible association of household overcrowding and depressive mood is not fully demonstrated in unique ...Chinese economic context.
: The aim of this study was to examine the association of household overcrowding and depressive mood among Chinese adults and to evaluate whether the association varies across socio-demographic characteristics.
: The relationship between household overcrowding and individual's depressive mood was examined using ordered logistic regression models. Stratified analysis was used to evaluate whether the association varies across socio-demographic characteristics.
: Ordered logistic regression models showed that the odds ratio for depressive mood among residents enduring housing overcrowding, as compared with residents without household overcrowding were 1.12 (95% confidence interval CI: 1.02–1.22), after controlling for important confounders. We secondarily examined the association across subgroups. Stratified analysis revealed that household overcrowding significantly affected depressive mood for the low household income subgroups, whereas has no significant effect on depressive mood for the high household income.
: CFPS does not investigate the depression of people under 16, making it impossible for us to study the impacts of housing crowding on Chinese children's depression. Secondly, we did not adjust for other potential confounders, such as lifetime history of depression or depressive mood, medication use and anxiety disorders/symptoms.
: This finding indicates that household overcrowding is harmful to residents’ mental health, and appropriate protective measures should be taken to reduce the adverse effects of household overcrowding on residents’ mental health.
In this article, we presented an optimal Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) drive pattern based on feature selection and model explanation, and proposed a portable EIT system for applications in ...human-computer interaction for gesture recognition and contact detection, which can reduce the measurement time and realize a performance trade-off between the accuracy and the time response. In our experiment, eleven hand gestures were designed to verify the proposed approach and EIT system. Compared to the traditional eight-electrode method, the optimal electrode drive pattern achieved a recognition accuracy of 97.5% with seven electrodes and the measurement time was reduced by 60%. To illustrate the universality of this method, we performed a contact detection experiment. By setting seven labels on the conductive panel and using optimal electrode drive pattern, the detection accuracy reached 100% with seven electrodes and the measurement time was reduced by 85%.
MCL1 is a pivot member of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins. While a distinctive feature of MCL1 resides in its efficient ubiquitination and destruction, the deubiquitinase USP9X has been ...implicated in the preservation of MCL1 expression by removing the polyubiquitin chains. Here we perform an unbiased siRNA screen and identify that the second deubiquitinase, USP13, regulates MCL1 stability in lung and ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, USP13 interacts with and stabilizes MCL1 via deubiquitination. As a result, USP13 depletion using CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease system inhibits tumor growth in xenografted nude mice. We further report that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of USP13 considerably reduces MCL1 protein abundance and significantly increases tumor cell sensitivity to BH3 mimetic inhibitors targeting BCL-2 and BCL-XL. Collectively, we nominate USP13 as a novel deubiquitinase which regulates MCL1 turnover in diverse solid tumors and propose that USP13 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various malignancies.
Applying the Skip-gram to graph representation learning has become a widely researched topic in recent years. Prior works usually focus on the migration application of the Skip-gram model, while ...Skip-gram in graph representation learning, initially applied to word embedding, is left insufficiently explored. To compensate for the shortcoming, we analyze the difference between word embedding and graph embedding and reveal the principle of graph representation learning through a case study to explain the essential idea of graph embedding intuitively. Through the case study and in-depth understanding of graph embeddings, we propose Graph Skip-gram, an extension of the Skip-gram model using graph structure information. Graph Skip-gram can be combined with a variety of algorithms for excellent adaptability. Inspired by word embeddings in natural language processing, we design a novel feature fusion algorithm to fuse node vectors based on node vector similarity. We fully articulate the ideas of our approach on a small network and provide extensive experimental comparisons, including multiple classification tasks and link prediction tasks, demonstrating that our proposed approach is more applicable to graph representation learning.
Stripe rust (or yellow rust), which is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating wheat diseases worldwide. The wheat cultivar Xingzi 9104 (XZ) is an elite ...wheat germplasm that possesses adult plant resistance (APR), which is non-race-specific and durable. Thus, to better understand the mechanism underlying APR, we performed transcriptome sequencing of wheat seedlings and adult plants without Pst infection, and a total of 157,689 unigenes were obtained as a reference. In total, 2,666, 783 and 2,587 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be up- or down-regulated after Pst infection at 24, 48 and 120 hours post-inoculation (hpi), respectively, based on a comparison of Pst- and mock-infected plants. Among these unigenes, the temporal pattern of the up-regulated unigenes exhibited transient expression patterns during Pst infection, as determined through a Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. In addition, a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that many biological processes, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species, photosynthesis and thiamine metabolism, which mainly control the mechanisms of lignification, reactive oxygen species and sugar, respectively, are involved in APR. In particular, the continuous accumulation of reactive oxygen species may potentially contribute to the ability of the adult plant to inhibit fungal growth and development. To validate the bioinformatics results, 6 candidate genes were selected for further functional identification using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system, and 4 candidate genes likely contribute to plant resistance against Pst infection. Our study provides new information concerning the transcriptional changes that occur during the Pst-wheat interaction at the adult stage and will help further our understanding of the detailed mechanisms underlying APR to Pst.
Biochars generally result in short-term positive priming of native soil organic carbon (SOC), but longer-term carbon (C) stabilization, and these effects can be altered by global warming. However, ...uncertainty remains about the mechanisms associated with these priming effects, temperature sensitivity of native SOC, and microbial responses to biochars of differing properties. To address these knowledge gaps, rice straw biochars (produced at 300 and 800 °C at 2% w/w application rate), and their labile (water extracted) fraction and recalcitrant (chemically oxidized) fraction (obtained from the equivalent weight of biochar) were incubated in a C4 dominated soil at 15, 25, and 35 °C. Our results showed that 300 °C biochar and its recalcitrant fraction resulted in an increased SOC mineralization due to positive priming across the incubation thermosequence. This was likely linked to an observed increase in the abundance of K-strategists (fungi and Actinobacteria). The biochar produced at 800 °C and its recalcitrant fraction resulted in the stabilization of native SOC (i.e., negative priming) at all temperatures, likely due to the adsorptive protection of native SOC by the large surface area. The water extractable C from both biochars generally induced SOC stabilization across the thermosequence, which could be attributed to microbial shifts to r-strategists preferentially utilizing labile C components in biochar. Both biochars increased SOC stabilization with warming from 15 to 25 °C, supporting the role of biochar application in soil C sequestration in cooler regions. The lower SOC stabilization by biochars with temperature increases from 25 to 35 °C was correlated with the biochar-induced increases in fungal growth (K-strategist) under warming. The low-temperature biochar increased the abundance of aromatic C decomposers and concomitantly lowered the Q10 and activation energy (Ea) of native SOC. The findings from this study highlight that the low- and high-temperature biochars can result in various changes in native SOC mineralization, as well as temperature sensitivity, mainly by microbial population alterations and physicochemical interactions.
•300 °C biochar and its recalcitrant fraction caused SOC loss at 15, 25 and 35 °C.•The SOC loss by 300 °C biochar was likely due to increased fungi and Actinobacteria.•800 °C biochar and its recalcitrant fraction stabilized SOC at 15, 25 and 35 °C.•Water extracts of biochar stabilized SOC, likely due to C substrate switching.•Biochars increased SOC stabilization with warming from 15 to 25 °C, but not to 35 °C.
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