With the emergence of Internet technology, Internet ethics has become an important issue for academics and practitioners. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence students' ...behavioural intention to perform an Internet ethical behaviour based on an integrated perspective of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), Big-Five personality traits, and Internet ethics education. This study empirically examines the research model using a cross-sectional survey study, collecting data from a sample of 276 students, and using partial least squares (PLS) for the analysis. The results show that intention of performing Internet ethical behaviours is influenced by attitude toward ethical behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Moreover, personality trait agreeableness is positively related to attitude toward ethical behaviour and subjective norms. Conscientiousness and openness are positively correlated with attitude toward ethical behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Finally, the existence of an Internet ethics curriculum significantly strengthened the positive relationship between attitude toward ethical behaviour and intention of performing Internet ethical behaviours. The findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between students' Internet ethical behaviour and Internet ethics education. The results also provide several important theoretical and practical implications for Internet ethics education within the university education context.
Fe/N/C is a promising non‐Pt electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), but its catalytic activity is considerably inferior to that of Pt in acidic medium, the environment of polymer ...electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). An improved Fe/N/C catalyst (denoted as Fe/N/C‐SCN) derived from Fe(SCN)3, poly‐m‐phenylenediamine, and carbon black is presented. The advantage of using Fe(SCN)3 as iron source is that the obtained catalyst has a high level of S doping and high surface area, and thus exhibits excellent ORR activity (23 A g−1 at 0.80 V) in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. When the Fe/N/C‐SCN was applied in a PEMFC as cathode catalyst, the maximal power density could exceed 1 W cm−2.
A non‐precious Fe/N/C electrocatalyst was prepared through pyrolysis of Fe(SCN)3, poly‐m‐phenylenediamine, and carbon black. The obtained Fe/N/C catalyst has high level of S doping and high surface area, and thus exhibits excellent catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic solution. A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell using this catalyst as the cathode can yield a maximal power density as high as 1.03 W cm−2.
Polyimide (PI) aerogels have attracted great attention owing to their low density and excellent thermal stability. However, hydrophobic surface modification is required for PI aerogels to improve ...their ability in oil/water separation due to their amphiphilic characteristic. Two-dimensional MXenes (transition metal carbides/nitrides) can be utilized as nanofillers to enhance the properties of polymers because of their unique layered structure and versatile interface chemistry. Herein, the robust, lightweight, and hydrophobic PI/MXene three-dimensional architectures were fabricated via freeze-drying of polyamide acid/MXene suspensions and thermal imidization. Polyamide acid was synthesized using N-N-dimethylacetamide and 4,4′-oxydianiline. MXene (Ti3C2T x ) dispersion was obtained via the etching of Ti3AlC2 and ultrasonic exfoliation. Taking advantage of the strong interaction between PI chains and MXene nanosheets, the interconnected, highly porous, and hydrophobic PI/MXene aerogels with low density were fabricated, resulting in the improved compressive performance, remarkable oil absorption capacity, and efficient separation of oil and water. For the PI/MXene-3 aerogel (weight ratio, 5.2:1) without any surface modification, the water contact angle was 119° with a density of 23 mg/cm3. This aerogel can completely recover to its original height after 50 compression–release cycles, exhibiting superelasticity and exceptional fatigue-resistant ability. It also showed high absorption capacities to various organic liquids ranging from approximately 18 to 58 times of their own weight. This hybrid aerogel can rapidly separate the chloroform, soybean oil, and liquid paraffin from the water–oil system. The thermally stable hybrid aerogel also exhibited excellent fire safety properties and outstanding reusability under an extreme environment.
Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has been widely used in the detection of the steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The standard CCA method, which ...uses sinusoidal signals as reference signals, was first proposed for SSVEP detection without calibration. However, the detection performance can be deteriorated by the interference from the spontaneous EEG activities. Recently, various extended methods have been developed to incorporate individual EEG calibration data in CCA to improve the detection performance. Although advantages of the extended CCA methods have been demonstrated in separate studies, a comprehensive comparison between these methods is still missing. This study performed a comparison of the existing CCA-based SSVEP detection methods using a 12-class SSVEP dataset recorded from 10 subjects in a simulated online BCI experiment. Classification accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR) were used for performance evaluation. The results suggest that individual calibration data can significantly improve the detection performance. Furthermore, the results showed that the combination method based on the standard CCA and the individual template based CCA (IT-CCA) achieved the highest performance.
The cytochrome P450 superfamily： Key players in plant development and defense XU Jun, WANG Xin-yu, GUO Wang-zhen (1State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton RD Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China 2College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China)
Journal of Integrative Agriculture,
09/2015, Letnik:
14, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The cytochrome P450 （CYP） superfamily is the largest enzymatic protein family in plants, and it also widely exists in mammals, fungi, bacteria, insects and so on. Members of this superfamily are ...involved in multiple metabolic pathways with distinct and complex functions, playing important roles in a vast array of reactions. As a result, numerous secondary metabolites are synthesized that function as growth and developmental signals or protect plants from various biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we summarize the characterization of CYPs, as well as their phylogenetic classification. We also focus on recent advances in elucidating the roles of CYPs in mediating plant growth and development as well as biotic and abiotic stresses responses, providing insights into their potential utilization in plant breeding.
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe end‐stage kidney disease developed from diabetes mellitus. The involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in modulating DN pathogenesis has been implied, but ...underlying mechanism is still lacking. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of circ_0080425 correlated with the DN progression, and exerted positive effect on cell proliferation and fibrosis in mesangial cells. Further assessment suggested that circ_0080425 function as sponge harboring miR‐24‐3p. Moreover, miR‐24‐3p negatively correlated with the DN progression, and showed an antagonistic effect to circ_0080425on regulating MCs cell proliferation and fibrosis. Bioinformatics analysis predicted fibroblast growth factor 11 (FGF11) acting as direct downstream target of miR‐24‐3p. Indeed, the expression of FGF11 was significantly activated by circ_0080425 while suppressed by miR‐24‐3p. Knockdown of FGF11 resulted in a significant reduced cell proliferation rate and fibrosis. In addition, miR‐24‐3p inhibitor rescued the suppression of si‐circ_0080425 on FGF11, suggesting that circ_0080425 competitive binding to miR‐24‐3p could release FGF11 from miR‐24‐3p suppression, which subsequently promoted DN progression.In conclusion, we have reported a novel circ_0080425‐miR‐24‐3p‐FGF11 axis, and explored the underlying mechanism in regulating DN pathogenesis.
The expression of circ_0080425 correlated with the diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression, and exerted positive effect on cell proliferation and fibrosis in mesangial cells. Circ_0080425 competitive binding to miR‐24‐3p could release FGF11 from miR‐24‐3p suppression, which subsequently promoted DN progression. In conclusion, we have reported a novel circ_0080425‐miR‐24‐3p‐FGF11 axis.
The rapid progress of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) has boosted the hydrogen economy concept via diverse energy applications in the ...past decades. For a holistic understanding of the development status of PEMFCs and AMFCs, recent advancements in electrocatalyst design and catalyst layer optimization, along with cell performance in terms of activity and durability in PEMFCs and AMFCs, are summarized here. The activity, stability, and fuel cell performance of different types of electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction are discussed and compared. Research directions on the further development of active, stable, and low‐cost electrocatalysts to meet the ultimate commercialization of PEMFCs and AMFCs are also discussed.
The development of fuel cells is of great significance for achieving a sustainable society. Recent progress in cathodic electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells and anodic and cathodic electrocatalysts for alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells is summarized. The rational design strategies, structure evolution, activities, fuel cell performance, and durability of noble‐metal‐ and non‐noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts are discussed.
Gut Microbiota-brain Axis Wang, Hong-Xing; Wang, Yu-Ping
Chinese medical journal,
10/2016, Letnik:
129, Številka:
19
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Objective: To systematically review the updated information about the gut microbiota-brain axis.
Data Sources: All articles about gut microbiota-brain axis published up to July 18, 2016, were ...identified through a literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, with the keywords of "gut microbiota", "gut-brain axis", and "neuroscience".
Study Selection: All relevant articles on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis were included and carefully reviewed, with no limitation of study design.
Results: It is well-recognized that gut microbiota affects the brain's physiological, behavioral, and cognitive functions although its precise mechanism has not yet been fully understood. Gut microbiota-brain axis may include gut microbiota and their metabolic products, enteric nervous system, sympathetic and parasympathetic branches within the autonomic nervous system, neural-immune system, neuroendocrine system, and central nervous system. Moreover, there may be five communication routes between gut microbiota and brain, including the gut-brain's neural network, neuroendocrine-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, gut immune system, some neurotransmitters and neural regulators synthesized by gut bacteria, and barrier paths including intestinal mucosal barrier and blood-brain barrier. The microbiome is used to define the composition and functional characteristics of gut microbiota, and metagenomics is an appropriate technique to characterize gut microbiota.
Conclusions: Gut microbiota-brain axis refers to a bidirectional information network between the gut microbiota and the brain, which may provide a new way to protect the brain in the near future.
Solution‐processable highly conductive polymers are of great interest in emerging electronic applications. For p‐doped polymers, conductivities as high a nearly 105 S cm−1 have been reported. In the ...case of n‐doped polymers, they often fall well short of the high values noted above, which might be achievable, if much higher charge‐carrier mobilities determined could be realized in combination with high charge‐carrier densities. This is in part due to inefficient doping and dopant ions disturbing the ordering of polymers, limiting efficient charge transport and ultimately the achievable conductivities. Here, n‐doped polymers that achieve a high conductivity of more than 90 S cm−1 by a simple solution‐based co‐deposition method are reported. Two conjugated polymers with rigid planar backbones, but with disordered crystalline structures, exhibit surprising structural tolerance to, and excellent miscibility with, commonly used n‐dopants. These properties allow both high concentrations and high mobility of the charge carriers to be realized simultaneously in n‐doped polymers, resulting in excellent electrical conductivity and thermoelectric performance.
Two conjugated polymers with rigid planar backbones, but with disordered crystalline structures, exhibit surprising structural tolerance to commonly used n‐dopants. These properties allow both high concentrations and high mobility of the charge carriers to be realized simultaneously in n‐doped polymers, resulting in excellent electrical conductivity of over 90 S cm−1 and thermoelectric performance up to 106 µW m−1 K−2.
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