C‐aryl glycosyl compounds offer better in vivo stability relative to O‐ and N‐glycoside analogues. C‐aryl glycosides are extensively investigated as drug candidates and applied to chemical biology ...studies. Previously, C‐aryl glycosides were derived from lactones, glycals, glycosyl stannanes, and halides, via methods displaying various limitations with respect to the scope, functional‐group compatibility, and practicality. Challenges remain in the synthesis of C‐aryl nucleosides and 2‐deoxysugars from easily accessible carbohydrate precursors. Herein, we report a cross‐coupling method to prepare C‐aryl and heteroaryl glycosides, including nucleosides and 2‐deoxysugars, from glycosyl esters and bromoarenes. Activation of the carbohydrate substrates leverages dihydropyridine (DHP) as an activating group followed by decarboxylation to generate a glycosyl radical via C−O bond homolysis. This strategy represents a new means to activate alcohols as a cross‐coupling partner. The convenient preparation of glycosyl esters and their stability exemplifies the potential of this method in medicinal chemistry.
A method to synthesize C‐aryl and heteroaryl glycosides from glycosyl esters is reported. The reaction is particularly useful for preparing β‐aryl nucleoside analogues, leveraging the photoredox activation of dihydropyridine and decarboxylation to homolytically cleave C−O bonds and afford glycosyl radicals.
Background:
According to recent research, breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer type among the entire population. Meanwhile, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has become an ...important therapy to improve the survival rate and quality of life in metastatic cancer patients, as part of a wider trend toward more personalized medicine. However, there is a lack of research in terms of the association between stage IV breast cancer and CHM. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between CHM and the survival rate in breast cancer patients at different cancer stages, with a particular focus on patients diagnosed with stage IV.
Methods:
Patients with an initial diagnosis of breast cancer identified from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database (TCRD) and China Medical University Hospital (CMUH) database were included in this study. Demographic characteristics including gender, age, and comorbidities were evaluated. Between-group differences for continuous and categorical variables were evaluated by the Student’s t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer were recruited and divided into cohorts of CHM users and non-users with a 1:1 propensity score matching. The survival of breast cancer patients was assessed by the Cox proportional hazard model. The cumulative incidence of survival was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis.
Results:
The adjuvant CHM treatment was associated with a higher survival rate in stage IV breast cancer patients (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.2853-0.7044. Additionally, the use of CHM had a positive impact on survival in stage IV breast cancer patients who had received surgery (P: .0273, HR: 0.3406, 95% CI: 0.1309-0.8865), chemotherapy (P: .0004, HR: 0.3893, 95% CI: 0.231-0.656), and hormone therapy (P: .0013, HR: 0.3491, 95% CI: 0.1836-0.6636). In terms of the specific CHM associated with survival, Zhi-Gan-Cao-Tang (ZGCT), Phellodendron chinense Schneid. (huang-bai), and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (chi-shao) were the 3 most commonly prescribed herbal medicines correlated with a higher survival rate among stage IV breast cancer patients.
Conclusions:
CHM associated with conventional management achieved significant survival benefits in patients with stage IV breast cancer. Additional randomized controlled trials for prospective study are recommended for further validation.
Transgenic Bt rice has been shown to be an effective means of controlling Lepidoptera pests of rice. However, the potential roles of transgenic rice on planthoppers and their predators need to be ...investigated before its commercialization. Population density, species dominance and population dynamics are important parameters of arthropods populations in field. So the impacts of three transgenic Bt rice strains expressing crylAb/crylAc, crylC and cry2A on population density, species dominance and population dynamics of three species of planthoppers （Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera and Laodelphax striatellus） and their three main predators （ Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, Pirata subpiraticus and Theridium octomaculatum） were evaluated at three sites in Hubei Province, China, in the current study. The results showed that among three species of planthoppers, both in transgenic and non-transgenic rice field, the predominant species ofplanthoppers within phytophagous guild was S. furcifera at any site either growing season （46-50%）. Significantly higher population density ofN. lugens was observed in T2A-1 field relative to Minghui 63 field at Wuxue in 2010. The species dominance of predator, P. subpiraticus, in TT51 field was significantly higher than that in T 1 C-19 and T2A-1 fields in 2009 at Xiaogan site. Sampling date significantly influenced six arthropods except for P. subpiraticus in 2010. The interaction between rice strain~sampling date had no significant adverse effects on the population dynamics of three species of planthoppers and their predators, except for several individual species in 2009. The interaction among rice strain~sampling date~sampling site also had no significant effect on six arthropods except for S. furcifera in 2009. The results indicated that transgenic Bt rice expressing crylAb/crylAc, cry2A and crylC had no significant adverse effects on the population dynamics of three planthoppers and their predators in most investigated data and sampling site.
The amalgamation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, termed AIE-TADF, is a promising strategy to design novel robust luminescent ...materials. Herein, we transform 2,3,4,5,6-penta(9
H
-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (5CzBN) from an ACQ molecule into an AIEgen by simply decorating the 5CzBN core with alkyl chain-linked spirobifluorene dendrons. By increasing the number of flexible dendrons, these materials can not only show obvious AIE-TADF characteristics and uniform film morphology, but can also exhibit better resistance to isopropyl alcohol, which are beneficial to fully solution-processed OLEDs. Notably, 5CzBN-PSP shows great device efficiency with an external quantum efficiency (EQE), current efficiency and power efficiency of 20.1%, 58.7 cd A
−1
and 46.2 lm W
−1
, respectively and achieved record-breaking efficiency in solution-processed nondoped OLEDs based on AIE emitters. This work demonstrates a general approach to explore new efficient emitters by the marriage of AIE and TADF which could potentially improve their performance in various areas.
Construction of core-dendron TADF emitters systematically: changing the behaviour of chromophores from aggregation-caused quenching to aggregation induced emission to develop high-performance fully solution-processed nondoped OLEDs.
Pattern differentiation is a critical element of the prescription process for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioners. Application of advanced machine learning techniques will enhance the ...effectiveness of TCM in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to explore the relationships between clinical features and TCM patterns in breast cancer patients.
The dataset of breast cancer patients receiving TCM treatment was recruited from a single medical center. We utilized a neural network model to standardize terminologies and address TCM pattern differentiation in breast cancer cases. Cluster analysis was applied to classify the clinical features in the breast cancer patient dataset. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we further compared the TCM patterns to therapeutic principles of Chinese herbal medication in Taiwan.
A total of 2,738 breast cancer cases were recruited and standardized. They were divided into 5 groups according to clinical features
cluster analysis. The pattern differentiation model revealed that liver-gallbladder dampness-heat was the primary TCM pattern identified in patients. The main therapeutic goals of the top 10 Chinese herbal medicines prescribed for breast cancer patients were to clear heat, drain dampness, and detoxify. These results demonstrated that the neural network successfully identified patterns from a dataset similar to the prescriptions of TCM clinical practitioners.
This is the first study using machine-learning methodology to standardize and analyze TCM electronic medical records. The patterns revealed by the analyses were highly correlated with the therapeutic principles of TCM practitioners. Machine learning technology could assist TCM practitioners to comprehensively differentiate patterns and identify effective Chinese herbal medicine treatments in clinical practice.
Accurate measurements of cellular protein concentrations are invaluable to quantitative studies of gene expression and physiology in living cells. Here, we developed a versatile mass spectrometric ...workflow based on data‐independent acquisition proteomics (DIA/SWATH) together with a novel protein inference algorithm (xTop). We used this workflow to accurately quantify absolute protein abundances in Escherichia coli for > 2,000 proteins over > 60 growth conditions, including nutrient limitations, non‐metabolic stresses, and non‐planktonic states. The resulting high‐quality dataset of protein mass fractions allowed us to characterize proteome responses from a coarse (groups of related proteins) to a fine (individual) protein level. Hereby, a plethora of novel biological findings could be elucidated, including the generic upregulation of low‐abundant proteins under various metabolic limitations, the non‐specificity of catabolic enzymes upregulated under carbon limitation, the lack of large‐scale proteome reallocation under stress compared to nutrient limitations, as well as surprising strain‐dependent effects important for biofilm formation. These results present valuable resources for the systems biology community and can be used for future multi‐omics studies of gene regulation and metabolic control in E. coli.
Synopsis
Accurate proteomic measurements of absolute protein mass fractions in Escherichia coli allowed the characterization of proteome responses under > 60 diverse growth conditions from a coarse (groups of related proteins) to a fine (individual) protein level.
The study presents a mass spectrometric workflow based on data‐independent acquisition proteomics and a novel protein inference algorithm (xTop) optimized for absolute protein quantification.
The mass spectrometric data was benchmarked and calibrated with absolute protein mass fractions obtained by ribosome profiling.
A plethora of novel biological findings are presented, including lack of large‐scale proteome reallocation under stress compared to nutrient limitations, regulation of outer membrane proteins, and effects important for motility and biofilm formation.
Accurate proteomic measurements of absolute protein mass fractions in Escherichia coli allowed the characterization of proteome responses under > 60 diverse growth conditions from a coarse (groups of related proteins) to a fine (individual) protein level.
As ferroelectrics hold significance and application prospects in wearable devices, the elastification of ferroelectrics becomes more and more important. Nevertheless, achieving elastic ferroelectrics ...requires stringent synthesis conditions, while the elastification of relaxor ferroelectric materials remains unexplored, presenting an untapped potential for utilization in energy storage and actuation for wearable electronics. The thiol‐ene click reaction offers a mild and rapid reaction platform to prepare functional polymers. Therefore, we employed this approach to obtain an elastic relaxor ferroelectric by crosslinking an intramolecular carbon‐carbon double bonds (CF=CH) polymer matrix with multiple thiol groups via a thiol‐ene click reaction. The resulting elastic relaxor ferroelectric demonstrates pronounced relaxor‐type ferroelectric behaviour. This material exhibits low modulus, excellent resilience, and fatigue resistance, maintaining a stable ferroelectric response even under strains up to 70 %. This study introduces a straightforward and efficient approach for the construction of elastic relaxor ferroelectrics, thereby expanding the application possibilities in wearable electronics.
Relaxor ferroelectrics possess unique advantages, such as high electric‐mechanical responsiveness and high sensitivity to changes in electric fields, which can be potentially employed as the energy storage and actuation in wearable electronics. Herein, we propose a novel approach utilizing thiol‐ene click reaction to develop elastic relaxor ferroelectrics, which is under a mild condition and a compatible procedure with photolithography.
A substantial amount of reports has been published on the association between the environment Aspergillus conidia and fine particulates, while limited studies have focused on the association between ...invasive aspergillosis and ambient fine particulate air pollution. The aim of this study is to explore the population-level association between ambient fine particulate PM2.5 air pollution and invasive aspergillosis. We designed multiple powerful systems applied to a unique collection of long-term and nationwide database of daily ambient PM2.5 levels and invasive aspergillosis incidence in Taiwan. Two data sets were leveraged for this study; the National Health Insurance Research Database and the Taiwan air quality monitoring network. The National Health Insurance Research Database was used to define invasive aspergillosis while the Taiwan air quality monitoring network was used to profile the PM2.5 concentration in Taiwan. We adopted the cases of invasive aspergillosis infection from the system with PM2.5 levels. A total of 1,000,000 patients during the study period (1999–2009) were included in the data set.The findings of this study suggest positive association between PM2.5 concentration and incidence of aspergillosis. Furthermore, monthly-wise invasive aspergillosis case number potentially demonstrated lagged pattern following peaking of PM2.5 concentration.
Analyzing 12,361 all-cause cirrhosis cases and 790,095 controls from eight cohorts, we identify a common missense variant in the Mitochondrial Amidoxime Reducing Component 1 gene (MARC1 p.A165T) that ...associates with protection from all-cause cirrhosis (OR 0.91, p = 2.3*10-11). This same variant also associates with lower levels of hepatic fat on computed tomographic imaging and lower odds of physician-diagnosed fatty liver as well as lower blood levels of alanine transaminase (-0.025 SD, 3.7*10-43), alkaline phosphatase (-0.025 SD, 1.2*10-37), total cholesterol (-0.030 SD, p = 1.9*10-36) and LDL cholesterol (-0.027 SD, p = 5.1*10-30) levels. We identified a series of additional MARC1 alleles (low-frequency missense p.M187K and rare protein-truncating p.R200Ter) that also associated with lower cholesterol levels, liver enzyme levels and reduced risk of cirrhosis (0 cirrhosis cases for 238 R200Ter carriers versus 17,046 cases of cirrhosis among 759,027 non-carriers, p = 0.04) suggesting that deficiency of the MARC1 enzyme may lower blood cholesterol levels and protect against cirrhosis.
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