Objective
To assess the accuracy of dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery.
Materials and methods
An electronic search up to March 2020 was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central ...Register of Controlled Trial to identify studies using dynamic navigation in implant surgery, and additional manual search was performed as well. Clinical trials and model studies were selected. The primary outcome was accuracy. A single‐arm meta‐analysis of continuous data was conducted. Meta‐regression was utilized for comparison on study design, guidance method, jaw, and systems.
Results
Ten studies, four randomized controlled trials (RCT) and six prospective studies, met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1,298 drillings and implants were evaluated. The meta‐analysis of the accuracy (five clinical trials and five model studies) revealed average global platform deviation, global apex deviation, and angular deviation were 1.02 mm, 95% CI (0.83, 1.21), 1.33 mm, 95% CI (0.98, 1.67), and 3.59°, 95% CI (2.09, 5.09). Meta‐regression shown no difference between model studies and clinical trials (p = .295, 0.336, 0.185), drilling holes and implant (p = .36, 0.279, 0.695), maxilla and mandible (p = .875, 0.632, 0.281), and five different systems (p = .762, 0.342, 0.336).
Conclusion
Accuracy of dynamic computer‐aided implant surgery reaches a clinically acceptable range and has potential in clinical usage, but more patient‐centered outcomes and socio‐economic benefits should be reported.
Based on the newly designed ligand 4′‐(3,5‐dicarboxyphenyl)‐4,2′:6′,4′′‐terpyridine (DCTP), a unique semi‐conductive 3D framework {CuΙCuΙΙ2(DCTP)2NO3⋅1.5 DMF}n (1) with a narrow band gap of 2.1 eV, ...was obtained and structurally characterized. DFT calculations with van de Waals correction employed to explore the electronic structure of 1, clearly revealed its semi‐conductive behavior. Furthermore, we found that 1 exhibits a superior band alignment with water to produce hydrogen and degrade organic pollutants. Without adding any photosensitizers, 1 displays an efficiently photocatalytic hydrogen production in water based on the photo‐generated electrons under UV/Vis light. 1 also exhibits excellent photo‐degradation of methyl blue under visible‐light owing to the strong oxidization of excited holes. It is the first example of MOFs with doubly photocatalytic activities related to photo‐generated electrons and holes, respectively.
Narrow band gap: The metal–organic framework (MOF) {CuΙCuΙΙ2(DCTP)2NO3⋅1.5 DMF}n has a narrow band gap of 2.1 eV and is a semiconductor. Theoretical and experimental investigations confirmed its performance in photocatalytic hydrogen generation and in organic‐dye degradation. It is the first report for MOFs exhibiting two different photocatalytic activities based on photo‐generated electrons and holes.
Herein, the structure of integrated M3D inverters are successfully demonstrated where a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesized monolayer WSe2 p‐type nanosheet FET is vertically integrated on top ...of CVD synthesized monolayer MoS2 n‐type film FET arrays (2.5 × 2.5 cm) by semiconductor industry techniques, such as transfer, e‐beam evaporation (EBV), and plasma etching processes. A low temperature (below 250 °C) is employed to protect the WSe2 and MoS2 channel materials from thermal decomposition during the whole fabrication process. The MoS2 NMOS and WSe2 PMOS device fabricated show an on/off current ratio exceeding 106 and the integrated M3D inverters indicate an average voltage gain of ≈9 at VDD = 2 V. In addition, the integrated M3D inverter demonstrates an ultra‐low power consumption of 0.112 nW at a VDD of 1 V. Statistical analysis of the fabricated inverters devices shows their high reliability, rendering them suitable for large‐area applications. The successful demonstration of M3D inverters based on large‐scale 2D monolayer TMDs indicate their high potential for advancing the application of 2D TMDs in future integrated circuits.
Herein, the structure of the integrated M3D inverters where a CVD‐synthesized monolayer WSe2 p‐type nanosheet FET is vertically integrated on top of CVD synthesized monolayer MoS2 n‐type film FET arrays is realized. The integrated M3D inverters show an average voltage gain of approximately 9 at VDD = 2 V with an ultra‐low power consumption of 0.112 nW at a VDD of 1 V.
Our study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors and time to occurrence of malignancy in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM). The electronic medical records of 1100 ...patients with DM and 1164 patients with PM were studied between January 2001 and May 2019. Malignancies after myositis were diagnosed in 61 (5.55%) patients with DM and 38 (3.26%) patients with PM. The cumulative incidence of malignancies in patients with DM were significantly higher than patients with PM (hazard ratio = 1.78, log-rank p = 0.004). Patients with DM had a greater risk of developing malignancy than those with PM at 40-59 years old (p = 0.01). Most malignancies occurred within 1 year after the initial diagnosis of DM (n = 35; 57.38%). Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) was the most common type of malignancy in patients with DM (22.95%), followed by lung, and breast cancers. In patients with PM, colorectal, lung and hepatic malignancies were the top three types of malignancy. The risk factors for malignancy included old age (≥ 45 years old) and low serum levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) for patients with DM and male sex and low serum levels of CPK for patients with PM. Low serum levels of CPK in patients with myositis with malignancy represented a low degree of muscle destruction/inflammation, which might be attributed to activation of the PD-L1 pathway by tumor cells, thus inducing T-cell dysfunction mediating immune responses in myofibers. A treatment and follow-up algorithm should explore the occurrence of malignancy in different tissues and organs and suggested annual follow-ups for at least 5.5 years to cover the 80% cumulative incidence of malignancy in patients with DM and PM.
Objectives
This randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to compare the accuracy of machine‐vision (MV)‐based dynamic navigation (DN)‐assisted immediate implant placement with the ...conventional freehand technique.
Material and methods
A total of 24 subjects requiring immediate implant placement in maxillary anterior teeth were randomly assigned to either the control (freehand by an experienced surgeon, n = 12) or the test group (MV‐DN, n = 12). Implant platform, implant apex, angular, and depth deviations with respect to prosthetically guided digital planning and differences in implant insertion torque (ITV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were compared between the groups.
Results
MV‐DN resulted in more accurate immediate implant position: significantly smaller global platform deviation (1.01 ± 0.41 mm vs. 1.51 ± 0.67 mm, p = .038), platform depth deviation (0.44 ± 0.46 mm vs. 0.95 ± 0.68 mm, p = .045), global apex deviation (0.88 ± 0.43 mm vs. 1.94 ± 0.86 mm, p = .001), and lateral apex deviation (0.68 ± 0.30 mm vs. 1.61 ± 0.88 mm, p = .004) were found in MV‐DN compared to controls. No significant intergroup differences were observed for ITV and ISQ.
Conclusions
MV‐DN achieved more precise immediate implant position and comparable primary stability. Further trials are necessary to assess the benefits in terms of esthetics and tissue health/stability.
Water temperature is an important environmental factor that affects physiology and biochemical activities of fish. In this study, we investigated of high temperature on biochemical parameters, ...oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis of pufferfish. Thermal stress could significantly increase the levels of AST, ALT, LDH, GLU and TG, whereas the levels of ALP and TP decrease significantly. In addition, thermal stress also decreased total blood cell count, inhibited cell viability, and subsequently lead to DNA damage and apoptosis. The mRNA levels of p53, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were up-regulated under thermal stress. These results suggested that caspase-dependent and p53 signaling pathways could play important roles in thermal stress-induced apoptosis in fish. Furthermore, the gene expression of SOD, CAT, HSP90 and C3 were induced by thermal stress. This study provides new insights into the mechanism whereby thermal stress affects physiological responses and apoptosis in pufferfish.
•Thermal stress changed biochemical parameters.•Thermal stress lead to DNA damage and apoptosis.•Caspase-dependent and P53 signaling pathways played important roles in thermal stress-induced apoptosis.
Previous studies showed conflicting relationship between hyperlipidemia, lipid-lowering therapy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). As most of these works emerges from the Western and ...Australian countries, our study aims to investigate whether hyperlipidemia or lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) is associated with DPN in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
A cross-sectional, hospital-based observation study in adults with T2D was conducted from January to October 2013. DPN was screened using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Data were obtained at the time of enrollment, including medication usage, anthropometric measurements and laboratory examinations.
2,448 participants were enrolled, 524 (21.4%) of whom had DPN. Patients with DPN had significantly lower plasma total cholesterol (185.6 ± 38.6 vs 193.4 ± 42.3 mg/dL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (114.6 ± 32.7 vs 119 ± 30.8 mg/dL). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that neither hyperlipidemia (adjusted OR (aOR), 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.49-1.34) nor LLT (aOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.58-2.09) was associated with DPN. Subgroup analysis revealed that neither total cholesterol (aOR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.2-2.62), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (aOR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.2-2.79), statin (aOR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.59-2.03) nor fibrate (aOR, 1.73; 95% CI, 0.33-1.61) was associated with DPN.
Our results suggest that neither hyperlipidemia nor lipid-lowering medication was associated with DPN in adults with T2D. DPN is a multifactorial disease, and our findings indicate that lipid metabolism may play a minor role in its pathogenesis.
Selenium (Se) is one of the potential candidates as photodetector because of its outstanding properties such as high photoconductivity (∼8 × 104 S cm–1), piezoelectricity, thermoelectricity, and ...nonlinear optical responses. Solution phase synthesis becomes an efficient way to produce Se, but a contamination issue that could deteriorate the electric characteristic of Se should be taken into account. In this work, a facile, controllable approach of synthesizing Se nanowires (NWs)/films via a plasma-assisted growth process was demonstrated at the low substrate temperature of 100 °C. The detailed formation mechanisms of nanowires arrays to thin films at different plasma powers were investigated. Moreover, indium (In) layer was used to enhance the adhesive strength with 50% improvement on a SiO2/Si substrate by mechanical interlocking and surface alloying between Se and In layers, indicating great tolerance for mechanical stress for future wearable devices applications. Furthermore, the direct growth of Se NWs/films on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate was demonstrated, exhibiting a visible to broad infrared detection ranges from 405 to 1555 nm with a high on/off ratio of ∼700 as well as the fast response time less than 25 ms. In addition, the devices exhibited fascinating stability in the atmosphere over one month.
We explored whether medical health workers had more psychosocial problems than nonmedical health workers during the COVID-19 outbreak.
An online survey was run from February 19 to March 6, 2020; a ...total of 2,182 Chinese subjects participated. Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2).
Compared with nonmedical health workers (n = 1,255), medical health workers (n = 927) had a higher prevalence of insomnia (38.4 vs. 30.5%, p < 0.01), anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01), depression (12.2 vs. 9.5%; p< 0.04), somatization (1.6 vs. 0.4%; p < 0.01), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (5.3 vs. 2.2%; p < 0.01). They also had higher total scores of ISI, GAD-2, PHQ-2, and SCL-90-R obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p ≤ 0.01). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Living in rural areas, being female, and being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients were the most common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and depression (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05).
During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical health workers had psychosocial problems and risk factors for developing them. They were in need of attention and recovery programs.
Hardware security and trust have become a pressing issue during the last two decades due to the globalization of the semiconductor supply chain and ubiquitous network connection of computing devices. ...Computing hardware is now an attractive attack surface for launching powerful cross-layer security attacks, allowing attackers to infer secret information, hijack control flow, compromise system root-of-trust, steal intellectual property (IP), and fool machine learners. On the other hand, security practitioners have been making tremendous efforts in developing protection techniques and design tools to detect hardware vulnerabilities and fortify hardware design against various known hardware attacks. This article presents an overview of hardware security and trust from the perspectives of threats, countermeasures, and design tools. By introducing the most recent advances in hardware security research and developments, we aim to motivate hardware designers and electronic design automation tool developers to consider the new challenges and opportunities of incorporating an additional dimension of security into robust hardware design, testing, and verification.
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