Numerous companies are expecting their knowledge management (KM) to be performed effectively in order to leverage and transform the knowledge into competitive advantages. However, here raises a ...critical issue of how companies can better evaluate and select a favorable KM strategy prior to a successful KM implementation. The KM strategy selection is a kind of multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, which requires considering a large number of complex factors as multiple evaluation criteria. A robust MCDM method should consider the interactions among criteria. The analytic network process (ANP) is a relatively new MCDM method which can deal with all kinds of interactions systematically. Moreover, the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) not only can convert the relations between cause and effect of criteria into a visual structural model, but also can be used as a way to handle the inner dependences within a set of criteria. Hence, this paper proposes an effective solution based on a combined ANP and DEMATEL approach to help companies that need to evaluate and select KM strategies. Additionally, an empirical study is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed method.
Despite indisputable progress in the development of electrochemical transformations, electrocatalytic annulations for the synthesis of biologically relevant three-dimensional spirocyclic compounds ...has as of yet not been accomplished. In sharp contrast, herein, we describe the palladaelectro-catalyzed C-H activation/3 + 2 spiroannulation of alkynes by 1-aryl-2-naphthols. Likewise, a cationic rhodium(
iii
) catalyst was shown to enable electrooxidative 3 + 2 spiroannulations
via
formal C(sp
3
)-H activations. The versatile spiroannulations featured a broad substrate scope, employing electricity as a green oxidant
in lieu
of stoichiometric chemical oxidants under mild conditions. An array of spirocyclic enones and diverse spiropyrazolones, bearing all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers were thereby accessed in a user-friendly undivided cell setup, with molecular hydrogen as the sole byproduct.
Despite indisputable progress in the development of electrochemical transformations, electrocatalytic annulations for the synthesis of biologically relevant three-dimensional spirocyclic compounds has as of yet not been accomplished.
CdZnTe (CZT) is a new type of compound semiconductor that has emerged in recent years. Compared to other semiconductor materials, it possesses an ideal bandgap, high density, and high electron ...mobility, rendering it an excellent room-temperature composite semiconductor material for X-ray and γ-ray detectors. Due to the exceptional performance of CZT material, detectors manufactured using it exhibit high energy resolution, spatial resolution, and detection efficiency. They also have the advantage of operating at room temperature. CZT array detectors, furthermore, demonstrate outstanding spatial detection and three-dimensional imaging capabilities. Researchers worldwide have conducted extensive studies on this subject. This paper, building upon this foundation, provides a comprehensive analysis of CZT crystals and CZT array detectors and summarizes existing research to offer valuable insights for envisioning new detector methodologies.
Statins are inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, and have been clinically used to treat cardiovascular disease. However, a paradoxical increase of ...reductase protein following statin treatment may attenuate the effect and increase the side effects. Here we present a previously unexplored strategy to alleviate statin-induced reductase accumulation by inducing its degradation. Inspired by the observations that cholesterol intermediates trigger reductase degradation, we identify a potent degrader, namely Cmpd 81, through structure-activity relationship analysis of sterol analogs. Cmpd 81 stimulates ubiquitination and degradation of reductase in an Insig-dependent manner, thus dramatically reducing protein accumulation induced by various statins. Cmpd 81 can act alone or synergistically with statin to lower cholesterol and reduce atherosclerotic plaques in mice. Collectively, our work suggests that inducing reductase degradation by Cmpd 81 or similar chemicals alone or in combination with statin therapy can be a promising strategy for treating cardiovascular disease.
A metal‐free nitration of the C(sp3)−H bonds of 2‐oxindoles with t‐BuONO through radical coupling reaction at room temperature has been developed. Using t‐BuONO both as a nitrating reagent and as an ...oxidant, to couple with the C(sp3)−H bonds of 2‐oxindoles, thus forming a new C−N bond without using any other reagents. This reaction provides a green and straightforward approach to some useful 3‐nitro‐2‐oxindoles in moderate to good yields.
Supercritical CO2 (SCCO2), characterized by gas‐like diffusivity, low surface tension, and excellent mass transfer properties, is applied to create a SiOx/carbon multi‐layer coating on Si particles. ...Interaction of SCCO2 with Si produces a continuous SiOx layer, which can buffer Si volume change during lithiation/delithiation. In addition, a conformal carbon film is deposited around the Si@SiOx core. Compared to the carbon film produced via a conventional wet‐chemical method, the SCCO2‐deposited carbon has significantly fewer oxygen‐containing functional groups and thus higher electronic conductivity. Three types of carbon precursors, namely, glucose, sucrose, and citric acid, in the SCCO2 syntheses are compared. An eco‐friendly, cost‐effective, and scalable SCCO2 process is thus developed for the single‐step production of a unique Si@SiOx@C anode for Li‐ion batteries. The sample prepared using the glucose precursor shows the highest tap density, the lowest charge transfer resistance, and the best Li+ transport kinetics among the electrodes, resulting in a high specific capacity of 918 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. After 300 charge–discharge cycles, the electrode retains its integrity and the accumulation of the solid electrolyte interphase is low. The great potential of the proposed SCCO2 synthesis and composite anode for Li‐ion battery applications is demonstrated.
An eco‐friendly, cost‐effective, and scalable supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) process is developed for the single‐step production of a unique Si@SiOx@C anode for Li‐ion batteries. Owing to gas‐like diffusivity, low surface tension, and excellent permeability of SCCO2, a continuous SiOx layer that can buffer Si volume change is fabricated. The produced carbon film has low oxygen content and thus shows high electronic conductivity.
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major subtype of non–small‐cell lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The histone H3K36 methyltransferase SETD2 has been reported to be ...frequently mutated or deleted in types of human cancer. However, the functions of SETD2 in tumor growth and metastasis in LUAD has not been well illustrated. Here, we found that SETD2 was significantly downregulated in human lung cancer and greatly impaired proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that SETD2 overexpression significantly attenuated the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of LUAD cells. RNA‐seq analysis identified differentially expressed transcripts that showed an elevated level of interleukin 8 (IL‐8) in STED2‐knockdown LUAD cells, which was further verified using qPCR, western blot, and promoter luciferase report assay. Mechanically, SETD2‐mediated H3K36me3 prevented assembly of Stat1 on the IL‐8 promoter and contributed to the inhibition of tumorigenesis in LUAD. Our findings highlight the suppressive role of SETD2/H3K36me3 in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT during LUAD carcinogenesis, via regulation of the STAT1–IL‐8 signaling pathway. Therefore, our studies on the molecular mechanism of SETD2 will advance our understanding of epigenetic dysregulation at LUAD progression.
Our findings highlight the suppressive role of SETD2/H3K36me3 in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT during LUAD carcinogenesis, via regulation of the STAT1–IL‐8 signaling pathway. Therefore, our studies on the molecular mechanism of SETD2 will advance our understanding of epigenetic dysregulation at LUAD development.
Background
Most cases of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) involve small tumors. Although a few guidelines recommend mastectomy, several patients prefer ...repeat BCS (re‐BCS). This study aimed to compare re‐BCS and mastectomy in terms of prognosis in patients with IBTR and to identify candidates for re‐BCS.
Methods
The data of patients with small IBTR between 1999 and 2015 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS) and breast cancer–specific survival (BCSS). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models and propensity score matching were applied.
Results
Of the 3648 patients with IBTR, 2831 (77.6%) underwent mastectomy and 817 (22.4%) underwent re‐BCS. The multivariate Cox model showed that re‐BCS was associated with a worse OS (hazard ratio HR, 1.342; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.084–1.663) and BCSS (HR, 1.454; 95% CI, 1.004–2.105) compared with mastectomy. The omission of radiation after re‐BCS was associated with worse survival overall and especially in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative IBTR (HR, 1.384; 95% CI, 1.110–1.724; and HR, 1.577; 95% CI, 1.075–2.314, respectively). No statistically significant differences were observed in the OS and BCSS between re‐BCS with radiation and mastectomy. Subgroup analysis indicated that the surgical approach was not an independent factor for survival in the ER‐positive patients with IBTR.
Conclusions
Re‐BCS should be considered with caution in patients with small IBTR. However, a positive ER status can be an important factor for choosing re‐BCS, and radiation therapy may improve oncological safety after re‐BCS.
Lay summary
Repeat breast‐conserving surgery (re‐BCS) was investigated to determine if it is safe for patients with small ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS).
This population‐based cohort study included 2831 patients with small IBTR. Re‐BCS was associated with a worse overall survival and breast cancer–specific survival compared with mastectomy.
Further analysis found that the IBTR estrogen receptor status was an important basis for choosing re‐BCS, and radiation may improve oncological safety after re‐BCS.
Repeat breast conservation (re‐BCS) should be considered with caution in patients with small ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. A positive estrogen receptor status and radiation can be important factors for choosing re‐BCS.
Exploring effective electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial requirement of many energy storage and conversion systems, involving fuel cells, water splitting, and metal–air ...batteries. Herein, a heterogeneity metal‐organic framework (MOF) is prepared by the assembling of metals, terephthalic (A) and 2‐aminoterephthalic ligands (B), defined as A2.7B‐MOF‐FeCo1.6. More importantly, A2.7B‐MOF‐FeCo1.6 exhibits excellent OER activity with an ultralow overpotential of 288 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 39 mV dec−1. The high electrocatalytic performance for OER is attributed to the optimized electronic structure of the intrinsic catalytic center in MOFs via the engineering of the metal node and linkers. The work offers not only a benchmark for pure MOFs in electrocatalysis but also a new efficient strategy to improve electrocatalytic performance by electronic structure engineering of catalytic active centers in MOFs.
A heterogeneity MOF A2.7B‐MOF‐FeCo1.6 is prepared by structurally tailoring metal nodes and organic linkers. It can serve as an efficient electrocatalyst with superior oxygen evolution reaction activity owing to modulations in the electronic structure of the catalytic center.
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that carry specific combinations of proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids. Mounting evidence suggests that exosomes participate in ...intercellular communication and act as important molecular vehicles in the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes, including cancer development. Exosomes are released by various cell types under both normal and pathological conditions, and they can be found in multiple bodily fluids. Moreover, exosomes carrying a wide variety of important macromolecules provide a window into altered cellular or tissue states. Their presence in biological fluids renders them an attractive, minimally invasive approach for liquid biopsies with potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prediction, and surveillance. Due to their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, exosomes have potential clinical applications in the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize recent advances in various technologies for exosome isolation for cancer research. We outline the functions of exosomes in regulating tumor metastasis, drug resistance, and immune modulation in the context of cancer development. Finally, we discuss prospects and challenges for the clinical development of exosome-based liquid biopsies and therapeutics.
PDF
