This study was aimed to compare the physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure of tray-packaged fresh lamb meat under different storage temperatures, such as 4°C (chilling), -1.5°C ...(supercooling), -4°C (superchilling) and -9°C (sub-freezing). The total viable counts (TVC), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), bacterial diversity and metabolic pathways were investigated. The results indicated that the shelf life of superchilling and sub-freezing storage was over 70 d, which was significantly longer than that of chilling and supercooling storage. TVC and TVB-N values showed an increasing trend and were correlated well (R
>0.92). And the TVB-N values of lamb meat were exceeded the tolerable limit (15 mg/100 g) only found under chilling and supercooling storage during storage period. At the genus level,
was the core spoilage bacteria then followed
for chilling and supercooling storage.
,
,
and
were the dominant spoilage bacteria for superchilling and sub-freezing storage. Furthermore, the bacterial community diversity of lamb meat stored at chilling and supercooling storage decreased with the storage time prolonged, which was opposite to the outcome of meat stored under superchilling and sub-freezing storage. For chilling and supercooling storage, the abundance of main metabolisms (carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, etc.) of bacteria increased with the storage time prolonged, which was opposite to superchilling storage. This may be related to the bacteria community diversity and the formation of dominant spoilage bacteria. In conclusion, this work provides data for the preservation of fresh lamb meat which will benefit the meat industry.
Complicated acetabular fractures comprise the most challenging field for orthopedists. The purpose of this study was to develop three-dimensional printed patient-specific (3DPPS) Ti-6Al-4 V plates to ...treat complicated acetabular fractures involving quadrilateral plate (QLP) disruption and to evaluate their efficacy.
Fifty patients with acetabular fractures involving QLP disruption were selected between January 2016 and June 2017. Patients were divided into a control group (Group A, 35 patients) and an experimental group (Group B, 15 patients), and were treated by the conventional method of shaping reconstruction plates or with 3DPPS Ti-6AL-4 V plates, respectively. The efficacy of Ti-6AL-4 V plates was evaluated by blood loss, operative time, reduction quality, postoperative residual displacement, and complications.
The operative time and blood loss in Group B were reduced compared to Group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in reduction quality between the two groups (P > 0.05). Reduction quality in Group B was anatomic in 10 (66.7%), satisfactory in four (26.7%), and poor in one (6.7%). In Group A, they were anatomic in 18 (51.4%), satisfactory in 13 (37.1%), and poor in four (11.4%). Residual displacement in Group B was less than that in Group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In Group B, one case exhibited loosening of the pubic screw postoperatively. In Group A, there was one case of wound infection, one of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the ipsilateral lower limb, one case of traumatic arthritis and two obturator nerve injuries.
The 3DPPS Ti-6AL-4 V plate is a feasible, accurate and effective implant for acetabular fracture treatment.
Pelvic fractures are rare in toddlers but are often associated with other injuries that make treatment difficult. Conservative treatment has been used with moderate success, but it is unclear if ...surgical correction could confer additional benefits and improve patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to report authors' experience using the lateral-rectus approach (LRA) for surgical correction of unstable pelvic fractures in two toddlers.
We retrospectively analyzed the cases of two toddlers with unstable pelvic fractures who underwent surgery through the LRA between April 2016 and October 2018. Patients' characteristics, fracture type, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score (ISS), operative time, intra-operative blood loss, and post-operative complications were assessed. Pelvic asymmetry, degree of deformity, Cole scoring criteria and modified Barthel Index (MBI) were used to evaluate radiographic and functional outcomes.
Successful surgical treatment was performed using the LRA, external fixation, and sacroiliac screw fixation. Surgery duration was 180 min on average, with an average intra-operative bleeding of 250 ml. There were no iatrogenic nerve injuries or infections. Pelvic asymmetry a week after surgery was 0.5 cm on average and dropped to 0.3 cm on average at the end of the follow-up period. The deformity index of the pelvis dropped from an average of 0.035 a week after surgery to 0.02 at the end of the follow-up period. The mean MBI was 100 in the last follow-up, and Cole scoring criteria categorized both patients as being in excellent condition. All patients achieved radiological bone union without discrepancy in length of the lower limbs. Neither patient had loss of reduction nor evidence of low back pain during the mean follow-up period of 22 months.
Pelvic fracture in toddlers is rare, and surgical treatment requires careful consideration. The lateral-rectus approach was proven as a viable alternative for managing unstable pelvic fractures in toddlers, with minimal blood loss and risk of nerve injury. Furthermore, anterior external fixation and posterior sacroiliac screw fixation would be adequate for this population, with excellent final outcome.
Minimally invasive surgery for pelvic fracture using anterior ring internal fixator system is increasing gradually, and the way to insert the fixation screws in the fixation system is the key ...technical points of the method. However, there have been few studies on insertion of fixation screws for the anterior pelvic ring internal fixator system.
To identify safe channels for fixation screws in the anterior pelvic fixator system and provide the anatomical basis for insertion of fixation screws in clinical operation.
Screw insertion was simulated into a total of 40 pelvic finite element models as well as 16 fresh pelvic specimens, and the channel parameters were measured.
Finite elements (male, female) include: screws in ilium: length 114.4 ± 4.1 and 107.6 ± 8.3 mm, respectively; diameter 11.7 ± 0.5 and 10.0 ± 0.6 mm, distance between screw and anterior inferior iliac spine: 5.5 ± 1.0 and 5.6 ± 1.0 mm, angle of coronal plane 55.8° ± 2.4° and 50.6° ± 3.1°, angle of sagittal plane 26.6° ± 1.0° and 24.5° ± 1.9° and angle of horizontal plane 64.9 ± 3.7 and 58.1 ± 3.1; screws in pubis: length 47.0 ± 2.0 and 39.8 ± 3.9 mm, diameter 7.1 ± 0.4 and 6.1 ± 0.4 mm. Specimens (male, female) include: distance between screw and anterior inferior iliac spine: 5.5 ± 0.5 and 5.6 ± 0.7 mm, angle of coronal plane 55.9° ± 1.3° and 50.7° ± 1.5°, angle of sagittal plane 26.7° ± 0.5° and 24.1° ± 0.9° and angle of horizontal plane 64.8° ± 0.6° and 58.8° ± 0.8°. In the comparison between female and male in each group, differences in distances between screws and anterior inferior iliac spine and median line of symphysis pubis (P > 0.05) were not statistically significant; differences in the remaining parameters were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
If surgeons paid attention to sex differences, select screws of appropriate diameter and length and hold the insertion position and direction, screws in the anterior pelvic ring fixation system could be safely inserted.
Osteosarcoma (OS) universally exhibits heterogeneity and cisplatin (CDDP) resistance. Although the Wee1/CDC2 and nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) pathways were reported to show abnormal activation in some ...tumor cells with CDDP resistance, whether there is any concrete connection is currently unclear. We explored it in human OS cells.
Multiple OS cell lines were exposed to a Wee1 inhibitor (AZD1775) and CDDP to assess the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. Western blot, coimmunoprecipitation, confocal immunofluorescence, cell cycle, and Cell Counting Kit-8assays were performed to explore the connection between the Wee1/CDC2 and NF-κB pathways and their subsequent physiological contribution to CDDP resistance. Finally, CDDP-resistant PDX-OS xenograft models were established to confirm that AZD1775 restores the antitumor effects of CDDP.
A sensitivity hierarchy of OS cells to CDDP and AZD1775 exists. In the highly CDDP-tolerant cell lines, Wee1 and RelA were physically crosslinked, which resulted in increased abundance of phosphorylated CDC2 (Y15) and RelA (S536) and consequent modulation of cell cycle progression, survival, and proliferation. Wee1 inhibition restored the effects of CDDP on these processes in CDDP-resistant OS cells. In addition, animal experiments with CDDP-resistant PDX-OS cells showed that AZD1775 combined with CDDP not only restored CDDP efficacy but also amplified AZD1775 in inhibiting tumor growth and prolonged the median survival of the mice.
Simultaneous enrichment of molecules in the Wee1/CDC2 and NF-κB pathways and their consequent coactivation is a new molecular mechanism of CDDP resistance in OS cells. OS with this molecular signature may respond well to Wee1 inhibition as an alternative treatment strategy.
Studies of the genetic diversity and population structure of
Oenococcus oeni
(
O. oeni
) strains from China are lacking compared to other countries and regions. In this study, amplified fragment ...length polymorphism (AFLP) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods were used to investigate the genetic diversity and regional evolutionary patterns of 38
O. oeni
strains isolated from different wine-making regions in China. The results indicated that AFLP was markedly more efficient than MLST for typing
O. oeni
strains. AFLP distinguished 37 DNA patterns compared to 7 sequence types identified using MLST, corresponding to discriminatory indices of 0.999 and 0.602, respectively. The AFLP results revealed a high level of genetic diversity among the
O. oeni
strains from different regions of China, since two subpopulations and an intraspecific homology higher than 60% were observed. Phylogenetic analysis of the
O. oeni
strains using the MLST method also identified two major phylogroups, which were differentiated into two distinct clonal complexes by minimum spanning tree analysis. Neither intragenic nor intergenic recombination verified the existence of the clonal population structure of the
O. oeni
strains.
This study was aimed to compare the physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure of tray-packaged fresh lamb meat under different storage temperatures, such as 4℃ (chilling), -1.5℃ ...(supercooling), -4℃ (superchilling) and -9℃ (sub-freezing). The total viable counts (TVC), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), bacterial diversity and metabolic pathways were investigated. The results indicated that the shelf life of superchilling and sub-freezing storage was over 70 d, which was significantly longer than that of chilling and supercooling storage. TVC and TVB-N values showed an increasing trend and were correlated well (R2>0.92). And the TVB-N values of lamb meat were exceeded the tolerable limit (15 mg/100 g) only found under chilling and supercooling storage during storage period. At the genus level, Pseudomonas was the core spoilage bacteria then followed Brochothrix for chilling and supercooling storage. Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Psychrobacter and Acinetobacter were the dominant spoilage bacteria for superchilling and sub-freezing storage. Furthermore, the bacterial community diversity of lamb meat stored at chilling and supercooling storage decreased with the storage time prolonged, which was opposite to the outcome of meat stored under superchilling and sub-freezing storage. For chilling and supercooling storage, the abundance of main metabolisms (carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, etc.) of bacteria increased with the storage time prolonged, which was opposite to superchilling storage. This may be related to the bacteria community diversity and the formation of dominant spoilage bacteria. In conclusion, this work provides data for the preservation of fresh lamb meat which will benefit the meat industry.
In this research, cinnamon essential oil (CEO) loaded Pickering emulsion was incorporated into chitosan (CS)/gelatin (GEL) complex films. These antimicrobial functionalizations of biobased packaging ...films containing different contents (5, 7.5, and 10 mL) of CEO-loaded Pickering emulsion were evaluated on the microstructure, physicochemical, mechanical, barrier and antimicrobial properties. CEO-loaded Pickering emulsion was herein prepared with zein nanoparticles as a stabilizer showed an average size of 113.37 nm and exhibited excellent physical stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) analyses revealed that the CEO-loaded Pickering emulsion showed compatibility with CS/GEL matrix. Not only mechanical properties but also barrier properties of the prepared films were significantly improved (P < 0.05) by incorporating CEO-loaded Pickering emulsion. Furthermore, incorporating CEO-loaded Pickering emulsion with CS/GEL led to the formation of high antimicrobial against Pseudomonad paralactis MN10 and Lactobacillus sakei VMR17 with slow-release behavior of CEO. These results suggested that Pickering emulsion is a promising antimicrobial agent delivery system for biopolymer based active packaging, notably for the conception of novel active packaging biobased polymers.
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•Pickering emulsion as antimicrobial agent delivery system.•CEO-loaded Pickering emulsion was incorporated into CS/GEL complex films.•Mechanical and barrier properties of prepared films were enhanced.•The antimicrobial activities and control release behavior of films were shown.
Microorganisms proliferate, consume nutrients, and produce many undesired metabolites, which are the main reason for the spoilage of fresh meat. Screening spoilage markers is of great significance ...for characterizing the freshness of fresh meat. At present, there are few studies on the volatile spoilage markers (VSMs) of lamb and their relationship with bacteria. In this study, the spoilage evolution of lamb was evaluated by multiple indicators. The changes of bacteria and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in aerobic-packaged (AP) and vacuum-packaged (VP) lamb were measured by 16S next-generation sequencing (NGS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) respectively. The potential VSMs were also screened. Results showed that the shelf life of AP lamb at 4 °C was less than 10 d and VP lamb was less than 28 d. Pseudomonas was the dominant bacteria in AP lamb, while Latilactobacillus and Lactococcus were the dominant bacteria in VP lamb. Several VOCs could be recommended as potential spoilage markers, including 1-octen-3-ol, 1-hexanol, nonanal, methoxy-phenyloxime, 2,3-octanedione, acetoin and 1-pentanol for AP lamb; acetoin, 1-hexanol, 2,3-octanedione, hexanoic acid, 1-octen-3-ol, nonanal, hexanal and 2,3-octanediol for VP lamb. This study can provide information for characterizing and predicting the freshness of fresh lamb.
•Bacteria and volatiles profiles were both different in aerobic and vacuum packaged lamb.•Pseudomonas affected late-stage volatiles profile in aerobic packaged lamb.•Latilactobacillus affected late-stage volatiles profile in vacuum packaged lamb.•Five volatiles were common potentially spoilage markers to AP and VP lamb.
The freshness and microbial community composition of lamb carcasses were evaluated under three chilling rates treatments: conventional chilling (chilling rate was 1.76 °C/h), very fast chilling-I ...(VFC-I, chilling rate was 12.52 °C/h), and very fast chilling-II (VFC-II, chilling rate was 14.52 °C/h). The results showed that the freshness indicator including total viable counts (TVC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values of VFC-II treatment were lower than conventional chilling and VFC-I treatments, and the bacterial species richness of the three treatments increased with the extension of storage time. The VFC-II treatment could inhibit the growth of Psychrotrophs and Corynebacterium. At the genus level, the Psychrotrophs became the main dominant spoilage bacterium, and the Turicibacter, Macrococcus, and Brevibacterium were positively correlated with TVB-N significantly. The chilling methods affected the initial diversity of microbiota, and the higher diversity of the microbial community was, the lower abundance of carbon metabolism and purine metabolism was. In conclusion, the VFC-II treatment is conducive to the preservation of lamb carcass.
•The 14.52 °C/h chilling rate extend the shelf life of lamb carcass.•The 14.52 °C/h chilling rate reduced the relative abundances of Corynebacterium.•Psychrotrophs was the main dominant spoilage bacteria on the lamb carcass.•Turicibacter, Macrococcus, and Brevibacterium were positively correlated with TVB-N.
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