A multifaceted coating for hard tissue implants, with favorable osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and osteoimmunomodulation abilities, would be of great value since it could improve osseointegration and ...alleviate prosthesis loosening. However, to date there are few coatings that fully satisfy these criteria. Herein we describe a microporous TiO2 coating decorated with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles that is generated by micro-arc oxidation of pure titanium (Ti) and followed annealing. By altering the annealing temperature, it is possible to simultaneously tune the coating's physical (morphology and wettability) and chemical (composites and crystallinity) properties. A coating produced with micro-arc oxidization (MAO) with an annealing temperature of 650 °C (MAO-650) exhibits numerous favorable physicochemical properties, such as hybrid micro-nano morphology, superhydrophilicity, and highly crystalline HA nanoparticles. In vitro experiments reveal that the MAO-650 coating not only supports proliferation and differentiation of both osteoblasts and endothelial cells, but also inhibits the inflammatory response of macrophages and enables a favorable osteoimmunomodulation to facilitate osteo/angio-genesis. In vivo evaluation mirrors these results, and shows that the MAO-650 coating results in ameliorative osseointegration when compared with the pristine MAO coating. These data highlight the profound effect of surface physicochemical properties on the regulation of osteo/angio-genesis and osteoimmunomodulation in the enhancement of osseointegration.
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Favorable osteogenic activity and antibacterial ability are highly desired for hard tissue repair and replacement materials. However, as a typical implant material, nearly equiatomic nickel‑titanium ...(NiTi) alloy exhibits poor osteogenic and antibacterial capacities despite its good biocompatibility and unique mechanical properties. In this work, nickel‑titanium‑oxygen (Ni-Ti-O) nanopores (NPs) coatings incorporated with magnesium (NP-Mg) are fabricated on the NiTi alloy by anodization and hydrothermal treatment (HT). The results show the amount of loaded Mg can be regulated by the NPs length (1.8 and 10.4 μm) and the hydrothermal duration (1 and 5 h). In addition, the surface morphology of the coatings transform to nanosheets after HT for 1 h and to NPs with small diameter after HT for 5 h. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured on NP-Mg-coated NiTi alloy show better proliferation and osteogenic differentiation than that of pristine and as-anodized specimens. Antibacterial experiments show although HT reduces Ni ion release and increase corrosion resistance, the NP-Mg coatings yet maintain potent antibacterial activity especially against adherent bacteria. The NPs coating with thickness of 10.4 μm and HT for 5 h shows favorable osteogenic activity, antibacterial ability, little Ni ion release, and good corrosion resistance thus is a promising candidate to functionalize the surface of the NiTi alloy for orthopedic applications.
•Mg has been successfully incorporated into Ni-Ti-O nanopore layers on NiTi alloy.•The layers show favorable osteogenic ability because of Mg2+ release and nanoporous structure.•The layers can release Ni2+ and Mg2+ to kill bacteria.
Carbon monoxide (CO) gas therapy is a promising cancer treatment. However, gas delivery to the tumor site remains problematic. Proper tunable control of CO release in tumors is crucial to increasing ...the efficiency of CO treatment and reducing the risk of CO poisoning. To overcome such challenges, we designed ZCM, a novel stable nanotechnology delivery system comprising manganese carbonyl (MnCO) combined with anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) loaded onto a zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8). After intravenous injection, ZCM gradually accumulates in cancerous tissues, decomposing in the acidic tumor microenvironment, releasing CPT and MnCO. CPT acts as a chemotherapy agent destroying tumors and producing copious H
2
O
2
. MnCO can react with the H
2
O
2
to generate CO, powerfully damaging the tumor. Both
in vitro
and
in vivo
experiments indicate that the ZCM system is both safe and has excellent tumor inhibition properties. ZCM is a novel system for CO controlled release, with significant potential to improve future cancer therapy.
Abstract
With the increasing shortage of traditional energy and environmental pollution, the “double carbon” goal was put forward. The construction of a new power system is an important way to ...achieve this goal, and how to maximize the consumption of new energy under the interaction and coordination of source and charge is the focus of this paper. Through discussing the new development trend of the present situation in the construction of electric power systems and the source charge interaction, the theoretical foundation is established to promote low-carbon electricity given the source of the collaborative optimization model. Then, the power grid company’s profit is maximized by considering the source charge interactive coordination. Finally, the process is optimized to establish the objective function and variables of the scope of the restrictions, so as to ensure the improvement and construction of the low-carbon electricity consumption mechanism.
The auroral ovals around the Earth’s magnetic poles are produced by the collisions between energetic particles precipitating from solar wind and atoms or molecules in the upper atmosphere. The ...morphology of auroral oval acts as an important mirror reflecting the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling process and its intrinsic mechanism. However, the classical level set based segmentation methods often fail to extract an accurate auroral oval from the ultraviolet imager (UVI) image with intensity inhomogeneity. The existing methods designed specifically for auroral oval extraction are extremely sensitive to the contour initializations. In this paper, a novel deep feature-based adaptive level set model (DFALS) is proposed to tackle these issues. First, we extract the deep feature from the UVI image with the newly designed convolutional neural network (CNN). Second, with the deep feature, the global energy term and the adaptive time-step are constructed and incorporated into the local information based dual level set auroral oval segmentation method (LIDLSM). Third, we extract the contour of the auroral oval through the minimization of the proposed energy functional. The experiments on the UVI image data set validate the strong robustness of DFALS to different contour initializations. In addition, with the help of deep feature-based global energy term, the proposed method also obtains higher segmentation accuracy in comparison with the state-of-the-art level set based methods.
Carbon monoxide (CO) gas therapy is a promising cancer treatment. However, gas delivery to the tumor site remains problematic. Proper tunable control of CO release in tumors is crucial to increasing ...the efficiency of CO treatment and reducing the risk of CO poisoning. To overcome such challenges, we designed ZCM, a novel stable nanotechnology delivery system comprising manganese carbonyl (MnCO) combined with anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) loaded onto a zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8). After intravenous injection, ZCM gradually accumulates in cancerous tissues, decomposing in the acidic tumor microenvironment, releasing CPT and MnCO. CPT acts as a chemotherapy agent destroying tumors and producing copious H
O
. MnCO can react with the H
O
to generate CO, powerfully damaging the tumor. Both
and
experiments indicate that the ZCM system is both safe and has excellent tumor inhibition properties. ZCM is a novel system for CO controlled release, with significant potential to improve future cancer therapy.
The development and formation of chemical elements in soil are affected not only by parent material, climate, biology, and topology factors, but also by human activities. As the main elements ...supporting life on earth system, the C, N, P, S cycles in soil have been altered by human activity through land-use change, agricultural intensification, and use of fossil fuels. The present study attempts to analyze whether and how a connection can be made between macroscopical control and microcosmic analysis, to estimate the impacts of human activities on C, N, P, S elements in soil, and to determine a way to describe the spatial relationship between C, N, P, S in soil and human activities, by means of landscape geochemical theories and methods. In addition, the disturbances of human activities on C, N, P, S are explored through the analysis of the spatial relationship between human disturbed landscapes and element anomalies, thereby determining the diversified rules of the effects. The study results show that the rules of different landscapes influencing C, N, P, S elements are diversified, and that the C element is closely related to city landscapes; furthermore, the elements N, P, and S are shown to be closely related to river landscapes; the relationships between mine landscapes and the elements C, N, P, S are apparent; the relationships between the elements C, N, P, S and road landscapes are quite close, which shows that road landscapes have significant effects on these elements. Therefore, the conclusion is drawn that the response mechanism analysis of human disturbance and soil chemical element aggregation is feasible, based on the landscape geochemical theories and methods. The spatial information techniques, such as remote sensing and geographic information systems, are effective for research on soil element migration.
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