Resilience is increasingly used to inform natural hazard risk management. From global to national to local levels of governance and decision making, resilience concepts are becoming institutionalized ...and operationalized in both public and private domains. However, as these ideas have shifted from their origins in ecology and been adopted by other disciplines, policy makers, and practitioners, key insights from the initial ecological conceptualization have been left behind. The resulting gap between resilience as originally theorized and its current implementation gives rise to several interconnected challenges: (i) loss of nuance in the meaning of the concept due to rapid adoption, which leads to: (ii) an inability to adequately account for normative or qualitative aspects of social theory, and: (iii) the problem of measurement. Key factors associated with resilience are intangible (difficult to objectively measure) and public bureaucracies are reliant upon objective measurement, i.e., targets and indicators, to operationalize policies. Multi-capital frameworks have been advanced as a potential solution to the problem of measurement in the literature. In this paper, we critically analyze how the concepts of social and human capital can be used to address these challenges and account for intangible sources of value. Drawing on a case study of complex multi-hazards in rural Aotearoa-New Zealand (NZ), as well as the NZ government's Living Standards Framework (a multi-capital framework) we highlight the importance of addressing these challenges to adequately realize the benefits of resilience and identify the successes and limitations of this approach. Results provide insight into the interlinked nature of the challenges and the importance of reconciling resilience theory and praxis. Findings also demonstrate the potential ways in which a combination of resilience thinking and multi-capital frameworks can add value to decision-making structures within public bureaucracies, the private sector, and academia.
Clearance of intracellular infections caused by
Typhimurium (STm) requires IFN-γ and the Th1-associated transcription factor T-bet. Nevertheless, whereas IFN-γ
mice succumb rapidly to STm infections, ...T-bet
mice do not. In this study, we assess the anatomy of immune responses and the relationship with bacterial localization in the spleens and livers of STm-infected IFN-γ
and T-bet
mice. In IFN-γ
mice, there is deficient granuloma formation and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induction, increased dissemination of bacteria throughout the organs, and rapid death. The provision of a source of IFN-γ reverses this, coincident with subsequent granuloma formation and substantially extends survival when compared with mice deficient in all sources of IFN-γ. T-bet
mice induce significant levels of IFN-γ
after challenge. Moreover, T-bet
mice have augmented IL-17 and neutrophil numbers, and neutralizing IL-17 reduces the neutrophilia but does not affect numbers of bacteria detected. Surprisingly, T-bet
mice exhibit surprisingly wild-type-like immune cell organization postinfection, including extensive iNOS
granuloma formation. In wild-type mice, most bacteria are within iNOS
granulomas, but in T-bet
mice, most bacteria are outside these sites. Therefore, Th1 cells act to restrict bacteria within IFN-γ-dependent iNOS
granulomas and prevent dissemination.
The pedagogy of teaching research methods, let alone research ethics, is an under-researched field. In this article a sociology lecturer connects five postgraduate students in a qualitative research ...ethics course with two novice ethnographers' candid empirical studies. While it is common for students to read articles and books on the topic, what was unusual in this ethics course was assigning the readings without priming the students of the ethical concepts of autonomy, do no harm, respect for persons or beneficence. The article documents how these students drew on their prior tacit knowledge of ethics to critique these two empirical studies both in classroom discussions and later in their written assignments. Each student wrote an account of the two texts before joining forces to construct a joint auto ethnographic account based on their reflective journals and on transcriptions of their classroom discussions. Invariably the students' tacit knowledge allowed them to successfully locate core ethical issues within these two texts.
This paper is a distillation of the major result from the 1998 PhD thesis of the late David Wither. it details a longitudinal study over five years of the relationship between mathematics anxiety and ...mathematics achievement. It starts from the already well documented negative correlation between the two, and seeks to establish one of the three hypotheses - that mathematics anxiety causes an impairment of mathematics achievement; that lack mathematics achievement causes mathematics anxiety; or that there is a third underlying cause of the two. Author abstract
Bibliography: leaves 355-375.
375 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
To establish that an ...increase in the level of anxiety causes a decrease in the level of achievement or whether a lack of achievement causes an increase in anxiety.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Education, 1998?
The integration of GPS delivers highly accurate mobile phone location positioning, Network triangulation can only achieve an accuracy of around 200m. A-GPS, which , uses a combination of network and ...satellites, can locate a user to within 5m. Cost is no longer a barrier to the integration of GPS.
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