Schizofazję zwykle kojarzy się z niespójnością wypowiedzi w jej wymiarach semantycznym i formalno‑gramatycznym. Artykuł podnosi kwestię niespójności pragmatycznej tekstu i zawiera propozycje ...włączenia do spektrum schizofazji także wypowiedzi odnoszących się do urojeń. Zawarte w artykule przykłady analiz wypowiedzi osób cierpiących na schizofrenię, dokonane za pomocą skal do oceny schizofazji (TLC, KSOS) potwierdzają tę tezę.
In men with oligozoospermia, Robertsonian translocations (RobTs) are the most common type of autosomal aberrations. The most commonly occurring types are rob(13;14) and rob(14;21), and other types of ...RobTs are described as ‘rare’ cases. Based on molecular research, all RobTs can be broadly classified into Class 1 and Class 2. Class 1 translocations produce the same breakpoints within their RobT type, but Class 2 translocations are predicted to form during meiosis or mitosis through a variety of mechanisms, resulting in variation in the breakpoint locations. This review seeks to analyse the available data addressing the question of whether the molecular classification of RobTs into Classes 1 and 2 and/or the type of DD/GG/DG symmetry of the involved chromosomes is reflected in the efficiency of spermatogenesis. The lowest frequency value calculated for the rate of alternate segregants was found for rob(13;15) carriers (Class 2, symmetry DD) and the highest for rob(13;21) carriers (Class 2, DG symmetry). The aneuploidy values for the rare RobT (Class 2) and common rob(14;21) (Class 1) groups together exhibited similarities while differing from those for the common rob(13;14) (Class 1) group. Considering the division of RobT carriers into those with normozoospermia and those with oligoasthenozoospermia, it was found that the number of carriers with elevated levels of aneuploidy was unexpectedly quite similar and high (approx. 70%) in the two subgroups. The reason(s) that the same RobT does not always show a similar destructive effect on fertility was also pointed out.
We report the experimental observation of radiative recombination from Rydberg excitons in a two-dimensional semiconductor, monolayer WSe2, encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride. Excitonic emission ...up to the 4s excited state is directly observed in photoluminescence spectroscopy in an out-of-plane magnetic field up to 31 T. We confirm the progressively larger exciton size for higher energy excited states through diamagnetic shift measurements. This also enables us to estimate the 1s exciton binding energy to be about 170 meV, which is significantly smaller than most previous reports. The Zeeman shift of the 1s to 3s states, from both luminescence and absorption measurements, exhibits a monotonic increase of the g-factor, reflecting nontrivial magnetic-dipole-moment differences between ground and excited exciton states. This systematic evolution of magnetic dipole moments is theoretically explained from the spreading of the Rydberg states in momentum space.
The article addresses the issue of speech-language therapy in the case of preschool and early school age children who have a slight severity of disfluency. This is an important problem in ...speech-language therapy practice, because disfluency of speech occurs in the period of speech development in 5% of children. Stuttering only affects 1% and only stuttering children encounter clearly defined therapy procedures. The work of a speech-language therapist with children with less severe disfluency, distinguishing between developmental and pathological disfluency, as well as appropriate therapeutic and preventive procedures become fundamental issue. The article discusses in turn the issues of the basis of children’s disfluency, its diagnosis and further therapeutic and preventive procedures.
A multivariate GARCH model is used to investigate Granger causality in the conditional variance of time series. Parametric restrictions for the hypothesis of noncausality in conditional variances ...between two groups of variables, when there are other variables in the system as well, are derived. These novel conditions are convenient for the analysis of potentially large systems of economic variables. To evaluate hypotheses of noncausality, a Bayesian testing procedure is proposed. It avoids the singularity problem that may appear in the Wald test, and it relaxes the assumption of the existence of higher-order moments of the residuals required in classical tests.
External fields are a powerful tool to probe optical excitations in a material. The linear energy shift of an excitation in a magnetic field is quantified by its effective g factor. Here we show how ...exciton g factors and their sign can be determined by converged first-principles calculations. We apply the method to monolayer excitons in semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides and to interlayer excitons in MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers and obtain good agreement with recent experimental data. The precision of our method allows us to assign measured g factors of optical peaks to specific transitions in the band structure and also to specific regions of the samples. This revealed the nature of various, previously measured interlayer exciton peaks. We further show that, due to specific optical selection rules, g factors in van der Waals heterostructures are strongly spin- and stacking-dependent. The calculation of orbital angular momenta requires the summation over hundreds of bands, indicating that for the considered two-dimensional materials the basis set size is a critical numerical issue. The presented approach can potentially be applied to a wide variety of semiconductors.
In this paper, geophysical technique ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography) supported by geological methods (macroscopic and microscopic observations) have been used to study shallow structure of ...the southern margin of the Krzeszowice Graben in the vicinity of Nawojowa Góra (southern Poland). The fieldwork was focus on the characterizing facies of the Upper Jurassic sediments that crops out in the selected quarry. Special attention was also paid on its microfacies development in order to broadly characterise these sediments. Geological studies of the exposed sediments have revealed that in this site calciturbidites and debris-flow deposits are present. The 2D ERT survey has been developed over the quarry exposure and within adjacent area, with the aim of identifying the 2D subsurface geology. Separate ERT survey lines have been performed and in the case of each profile, combined array configuration has been applied. In all obtained 2D ERT cross-sections, gradient analysis (showing the distribution of the maximum vertical and horizontal gradients of the interpreted resistivity) was carried out. These data provides additional information about spatial distributions of the various geoelectrical/geological layers. Beyond the Upper Jurassic sediments, which prevail in the research area, several lithological units were outlined on the ERT profiles that contain both the Upper Cretaceous sediments, Oligocene-Miocene karst deposits as well as Quaternary deposits. The use of the both geological and geophysical methods has allowed also delineating the zones which could be interpreted as fault zones. Geological interpretation has been considerably enhanced by forward 2D ERT modeling, by which it was possible to resolve some of the hypothesis derived from the interpretation of the field data. The distribution of the gravity flow deposits of different types in the marginal southern part of the Krzeszowice Graben reflects Late Jurassic fault activity. All obtained data have ultimately lead to a better understanding of the sediment distributions and the presence of tectonics in the geological context of the southern margin of the Krzeszowice Graben, supplying relevant information to its geological interpretation.
•Characterization of the southern margin of the Krzeszowice Graben (Poland) based on geoelectrical and geological studies.•Analysis of the Upper Jurassic limestones microfacies development.•Maximum gradient of the interpreted resistivity analysis applied to structural boundaries detection.•The numerical forward 2D ERT modeling as a supplementary geophysical tool.
The functions of RNA molecules are mainly determined by their secondary structures. These functions can also be predicted using bioinformatic tools that enable the alignment of multiple RNAs to ...determine functional domains and/or classify RNA molecules into RNA families. However, the existing multiple RNA alignment tools, which use structural information, are slow in aligning long molecules and/or a large number of molecules. Therefore, a more rapid tool for multiple RNA alignment may improve the classification of known RNAs and help to reveal the functions of newly discovered RNAs. Here, we introduce an extremely fast Python-based tool called RNAlign2D. It converts RNA sequences to pseudo-amino acid sequences, which incorporate structural information, and uses a customizable scoring matrix to align these RNA molecules via the multiple protein sequence alignment tool MUSCLE. RNAlign2D produces accurate RNA alignments in a very short time. The pseudo-amino acid substitution matrix approach utilized in RNAlign2D is applicable for virtually all protein aligners.
In this study, Bayesian inference is developed for structural vector autoregressive models in which the structural parameters are identified via Markov-switching heteroskedasticity. In such a model, ...restrictions that are just-identifying in the homoskedastic case, become over-identifying and can be tested. A set of parametric restrictions is derived under which the structural matrix is globally or partially identified and a Savage–Dickey density ratio is used to assess the validity of the identification conditions. The latter is facilitated by analytical derivations that make the computations feasible and numerical standard errors small. As an empirical example, monetary models are compared using heteroskedasticity as an additional device for identification. The empirical results support an identified interest rate reaction function with money.
The family of Constant Conditional Correlation GARCH models is used to model the risk associated with financial time series and to make inferences about Granger-causal relationships between second ...conditional moments. The restrictions for second-order Granger noncausality between two vectors of variables are derived and assessed using posterior odds ratios. This Bayesian method constitutes an alternative to classical tests and can be employed regardless of the form of the restrictions on the parameters of the model. This approach enables the assumptions about the existence of higher-order moments of the processes that are required in classical tests to be relaxed. In the empirical example, a bidirectional second-order causality between the pound-to-Euro and US dollar-to-Euro exchange rates is found.
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