Baryogenesis from ultra-slow-roll inflation Wu, Yi-Peng; Pinetti, Elena; Petraki, Kalliopi ...
The journal of high energy physics,
01/2022, Letnik:
2022, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
The ultra-slow-roll (USR) inflation represents a class of single-field models with sharp deceleration of the rolling dynamics on small scales, leading to a significantly enhanced power ...spectrum of the curvature perturbations and primordial black hole (PBH) formation. Such a sharp transition of the inflationary background can trigger the coherent motion of scalar condensates with effective potentials governed by the rolling rate of the inflaton field. We show that a scalar condensate carrying (a combination of) baryon or lepton number can achieve successful baryogenesis through the Affleck-Dine mechanism from unconventional initial conditions excited by the USR transition. Viable parameter space for creating the correct baryon asymmetry of the Universe naturally incorporates the specific limit for PBHs to contribute significantly to dark matter, shedding light on the cosmic coincidence problem between the baryon and dark matter densities today.
Membrane fouling is one of the most severe problems restricting membrane separation technology for wastewater treatment. This work reports a photocatalytic nanofiltration membrane (NFM) with ...self‐cleaning property fabricated using a facile biomimetic mineralization process. In this strategy, a polydopamine (PDA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) intermediate layer is fabricated on an ultrafiltration membrane via a co‐deposition method followed by mineralization of a photocatalytic layer consisting of β‐FeOOH nanorods. The PDA–PEI layer acts both as a nanofiltration selective layer and an intermediate layer for anchoring the β‐FeOOH nanorods via strong coordination complexes between Fe3+ and catechol groups. In visible light, the β‐FeOOH layer exhibits efficient photocatalytic activity for degrading dyes through the photo‐Fenton reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, endowing the NFM concurrently with effective nanofiltration performance and self‐cleaning capability. Moreover, the mineralized NFMs exhibit satisfactory stability under simultaneous filtration and photocatalysis processing, showing great potential in advanced wastewater treatment.
A photocatalytic nanofiltration membrane (NFM) with self‐cleaning capability is fabricated via a facile biomimetic mineralization process. In visible light, this membrane exhibits efficient photocatalytic activity for degrading dyes through the photo‐Fenton reaction concurrently with effective nanofiltration performance. The as‐prepared NFM shows great potential in advanced textile wastewater treatment with satisfactory stability.
This manuscript describes a kind of bifunctional organocatalyst with unprecedented reactivity for the synthesis of polyethers via ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of epoxides under mild conditions. ...The bifunctional catalyst incorporates two 9‐borabicyclo3.3.1nonane centers on the two ends as Lewis acidic sites for epoxide activation and a quaternary ammonium halide in the middle as the initiating site. The catalyst could be easily prepared in two steps from commercially available stocks on up to kilogram scale with ≈100 % yield. The organoboron catalyst mediated ROP of epoxides displays living behavior with low catalyst loading (5 ppm) and enables the synthesis of polyethers with molecular weights of over a million grams per mole (>106 g mol−1). Based on the investigations on crystal structure of catalyst, MALDI‐TOF, and 11B NMR spectroscopy, an intramolecular ammonium cation assisted SN2 mechanism is proposed and verified by DFT calculations.
A new organocatalyst that has unprecedented reactivity for ring‐opening polymerization of epoxides follows a novel intramolecular ammonium cation assisted mechanism. The bifunctional catalyst incorporates two 9‐borabicyclo3.3.1nonane centers on the two ends as Lewis acidic sites for epoxide activation and a quaternary ammonium halide in the middle as the initiating site.
Hesitant fuzzy linguistic preference relation (HFLPR) is a new preference structure that the decision makers (DMs) are hesitant about several possible linguistic terms of preference information for ...pairwise comparison between alternatives. This paper examines the additive consistency of HFLPR with a new expansion principle for hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTSs). In order to normalize HFLTSs with different numbers of linguistic terms, a least common multiple expansion (LCME) principle is proposed. According to the LCME principle, the additive consistent index of an HFLPR is defined to measure the consistency level of the HFLPR. For improving the unacceptable additive consistency of an HFLPR, a pure integer programming model is constructed to derive an acceptable additive consistent HFLPR. In group decision making (GDM) with HFLPRs, the similarities between DMs are calculated based on their individual HFLPR with acceptable additive consistency. Subsequently, the confidence degrees of DMs are defined to derive DMs' weights, and some examples including an investment project management problem are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) account for over 80% of renal malignancies. The most common type of RCC can be classified into three subtypes including clear cell, papillary and chromophobe. ccRCC (the ...Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma) is the most frequent form and shows variations in genetics and behavior. To improve accuracy and personalized care and increase the cure rate of cancer, molecular typing for individuals is necessary.
We adopted the genome, transcriptome and methylation HMK450 data of ccRCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas Network in this research. Consensus Clustering algorithm was used to cluster the expression data and three subtypes were found. To further validate our results, we analyzed an independent data set and arrived at a consistent conclusion. Next, we characterized the subtype by unifying genomic and clinical dimensions of ccRCC molecular stratification. We also implemented GSEA between the malignant subtype and the other subtypes to explore latent pathway varieties and WGCNA to discover intratumoral gene interaction network. Moreover, the epigenetic state changes between subgroups on methylation data are discovered and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to delve the relation between specific genes and prognosis.
We found a subtype of poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, which is abnormally upregulated in focal adhesions and cytoskeleton related pathways, and the expression of core genes in the pathways are negatively correlated with patient outcomes.
Our work of classification schema could provide an applicable framework of molecular typing to ccRCC patients which has implications to influence treatment decisions, judge biological mechanisms involved in ccRCC tumor progression, and potential future drug discovery.
Arbitrary generalization to the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity loses local Lorentz invariance to reparametrize the orthonormal coordinate system and gives rise to asymmetry field ...equations. We investigate consequences of local Lorentz violation to primordial fluctuations in extended single field inflationary models based on the scalar-tensor formulation of the torsion scalar T that effectively includes f(T) gravity as a special case. We show that despite some asymmetry part of the field equations are removed in a spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmic background, no subhorizon scalar-perturbation mode can survive by the time of horizon crossing. As a result, any scalar field mediated in torsion cannot generate enough primordial density inhomogeneity alone, even if it brings some de Sitter background solutions in generalized teleparallel gravity.
Background: This study investigated the effect of using adenovirus-mediated expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Ad-BMP-2) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in bone marrow mesenchymal ...stem cells (BMSCs) in combination with a demineralized bone matrix (DBM) to repair osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in Beagle dogs. Methods: A total of 30 Beagle dogs were selected for the isolation of BMSCs, which were cultured and transfected with the recombinant adenovirus vector Ad-BMP2-bFGF-GFP (carrying BMP-2 and bFGF) or a control adenovirus plasmid (encoding green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP)). The expression of the transfected BMP-2 and bFGF proteins was detected by Western blotting. After transfection, the BMSCs were induced to undergo osteoblastic differentiation. The DBM was prepared to construct a DBM/BMSC complex. Beagle models of canine femoral head defects and necrosis were established and divided into control, DBM, DBM/BMSC, vector Ad-BMP2-bFGF-GFP and Ad-GFP groups. The composite graft was then implanted, and new bone morphology was visualized via X-ray at 3, 6 and 12 weeks after the operation. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson’s trichrome staining were used to identify new bone formation. Immunohistochemistry was performed to calculate the density of new blood vessels. The compressive and bending strength of the BMSCs was evaluated at 12 weeks after the operation. Results: BMSCs were successfully isolated. The protein expression of BMP-2 and bFGF was significantly higher in the Ad-BMP-2/bFGF group than the normal and Ad-GFP groups. Compared with the control group, at 12 weeks after the operation, the DBM, DBM/BMSC, vector Ad-BMP2-bFGF-GFP and Ad-GFP groups showed a larger area of new bone, higher X-ray scores, greater neovascularization density, and increased compressive and bending strength. The most significant modifications occurred in thevector Ad-BMP2-bFGF-GFP group. Conclusion: The results indicate that the use of Ad-BMP-2/bFGF-modified BMSCs in conjunction with DBM could successfully repair ONFH in a dog model by promoting bone formation and angiogenesis.
Summary Background The avian influenza A H7N9 virus has caused infections in human beings in China since 2013. A large epidemic in 2016–17 prompted concerns that the epidemiology of the virus might ...have changed, increasing the threat of a pandemic. We aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical severity, and time-to-event distributions of patients infected with A H7N9 in the 2016–17 epidemic compared with previous epidemics. Methods In this epidemiological study, we obtained information about all laboratory-confirmed human cases of A H7N9 virus infection reported in mainland China as of Feb 23, 2017, from an integrated electronic database managed by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and provincial CDCs. Every identified human case of A H7N9 virus infection was required to be reported to China CDC within 24 h via a national surveillance system for notifiable infectious diseases. We described the epidemiological characteristics across epidemics, and estimated the risk of death, mechanical ventilation, and admission to the intensive care unit for patients admitted to hospital for routine clinical practice rather than for isolation purpose. We estimated the incubation periods, and time delays from illness onset to hospital admission, illness onset to initiation of antiviral treatment, and hospital admission to death or discharge using survival analysis techniques. Findings Between Feb 19, 2013, and Feb 23, 2017, 1220 laboratory-confirmed human infections with A H7N9 virus were reported in mainland China, with 134 cases reported in the spring of 2013, 306 in 2013–14, 219 in 2014–15, 114 in 2015–16, and 447 in 2016–17. The 2016–17 A H7N9 epidemic began earlier, spread to more districts and counties in affected provinces, and had more confirmed cases than previous epidemics. The proportion of cases in middle-aged adults increased steadily from 41% (55 of 134) to 57% (254 of 447) from the first epidemic to the 2016–17 epidemic. Proportions of cases in semi-urban and rural residents in the 2015–16 and 2016–17 epidemics (63% 72 of 114 and 61% 274 of 447, respectively) were higher than those in the first three epidemics (39% 52 of 134, 55% 169 of 306, and 56% 122 of 219, respectively). The clinical severity of individuals admitted to hospital in the 2016–17 epidemic was similar to that in the previous epidemics. Interpretation Age distribution and case sources have changed gradually across epidemics since 2013, while clinical severity has not changed substantially. Continued vigilance and sustained intensive control efforts are needed to minimise the risk of human infection with A H7N9 virus. Funding The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars.
Osteosarcoma is recognized as a malignant tumor in the skeletal system. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been exhibited to play crucial roles in osteosarcoma development. Our current study focused ...on the biological effects and mechanism of LINC00968 in osteosarcoma pathogenesis. We observed that LINC00968 was dramatically elevated in osteosarcoma cells including U2OS, MG63, Saos‐2, SW1353, and 143‐B cells compared to human osteoblast cell line hFOB. Silence of LINC00968 inhibited osteosarcoma cell growth and proliferation in vitro. Reversely, overexpression of LINC00968 promoted osteosarcoma cell survival and cell colony formation ability in Saos‐2 and 143‐B cells. In addition, LINC00968 was able to induce osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion through up‐regulating MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 protein levels. The phosphoinosmde‐3‐kinase/Protein Kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway has been reported to participate in several cancer types. Here, in our study, we found that PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was involved in osteosarcoma progression. Knockdown of LINC00968 inactivated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro. Subsequently, in vivo tumor xenografts were established using 143‐B cells to investigate whether LINC00968 can induce osteosarcoma development in vivo. Consistently, it was indicated that inhibition of LINC00968 significantly inhibited osteosarcoma progression in vivo. Taken these together, in our research, LINC00968 could be provided as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in osteosarcoma diagnosis and treatment.
It was exhibited that LINC00968 inhibition can suppress osteosarcoma development by inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, LINC00968 overexpression significantly induced osteosarcoma cell growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Taken these together, we concluded that LINC00968 can function as an oncogene in osteosarcoma progression by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Abstract
Copper (Cu)-based catalysts generally exhibit high C
2+
selectivity during the electrochemical CO
2
reduction reaction (CO
2
RR). However, the origin of this selectivity and the influence of ...catalyst precursors on it are not fully understood. We combine
operando
X-ray diffraction and
operando
Raman spectroscopy to monitor the structural and compositional evolution of three Cu precursors during the CO
2
RR. The results indicate that despite different kinetics, all three precursors are completely reduced to Cu(0) with similar grain sizes (~11 nm), and that oxidized Cu species are not involved in the CO
2
RR. Furthermore, Cu(OH)
2
- and Cu
2
(OH)
2
CO
3
-derived Cu exhibit considerable tensile strain (0.43%~0.55%), whereas CuO-derived Cu does not. Theoretical calculations suggest that the tensile strain in Cu lattice is conducive to promoting CO
2
RR, which is consistent with experimental observations. The high CO
2
RR performance of some derived Cu catalysts is attributed to the combined effect of the small grain size and lattice strain, both originating from the in situ electroreduction of precursors. These findings establish correlations between Cu precursors, lattice strains, and catalytic behaviors, demonstrating the unique ability of
operando
characterization in studying electrochemical processes.
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