This study explores the influence of organizational learning and external cooperation configuration on enterprise technological innovation and constructs a comprehensive theoretical framework of ..."organizational learning-external cooperation-technological innovation" based on the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method. The results show the following. (1) A single episode of organizational learning or external cooperation cannot affect the enterprise’s technological innovation, which requires the mutual linkage of the two to improve enterprise technological innovation performance. (2) The technological innovation model in which organizational learning and external cooperation interact is an effective way for enterprises to improve technological innovation performance. There are four technological innovation models that produce high technological innovation performance, namely consciousness-system synergy, consciousness-led, quasi-full, and all-around drive. (3) There are four models of non-high-tech innovation performance, which are not opposed to the technological innovation model of high-tech innovation performance. This research expands the technological innovation perspective of organizational learning and external cooperation matching, provides enterprises with effective technological innovation activities, and provides a theoretical reference and practical guidance for improving technological innovation performance.
We report a flame‐reaction method to synthesize high‐performance SmxCoy (x=1, y=5; x=2, y=17) particles on a multigram scale. This flame reaction allows the controlled decomposition of Sm(NO3)3 and ...Co(NO3)2 to 320 nm SmCo‐O (SmCoO3 + Co3O4) particles. A 5.8 g sample of SmCo3.8‐O particles was coated with CaO and then reduced at 900 °C by Ca to give 4.2 g of 260 nm SmCo5 particles. The SmCo5 particles are strongly ferromagnetic and the aligned particles in epoxy resin exhibit a large room‐temperature coercivity (Hc) of 41.8 kOe and giant (BH)max (maximum magnetic energy product) of 19.6 MGOe, the highest value ever reported for SmCo5 made by chemical methods. This synthesis can be extended to synthesize Sm2Co17 particles, providing a general approach to scaling up the synthesis of high‐performance SmxCoy nanomagnets for permanent magnet applications.
Playing with fire: A flame reaction is used to prepare SmCo–oxide particles that are further reduced to form strongly ferromagnetic SmxCoy particles. The 260 nm SmCo5 particles can be embedded in epoxy resin and aligned to show a large room‐temperature coercivity (Hc=41.8 kOe) and high magnetic energy product (19.6 MGOe).
Although available evidence from clinical trials has shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combination therapy can lead to a series of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), the overall risk ...of irAEs on combination therapy has yet not been systematically reported. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively explore the overall risks for irAEs on combination immunotherapy.
PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing combination immunotherapy to monotherapy. The meta-analysis was conducted by using Review Manager 5.3.
A total of 11 RCTs involving 5307 patients were eligible for this meta-analysis. The risk ratio for all-grade diarrhea and all-grade colitis for combination therapy was 1.95 (95% CI 1.54, 2.46; P < 0.00001) and 4.45 (95% CI 3.04, 6.51; P < 0.00001), respectively. The risk ratio for all-grade hyperthyroidism and all-grade hypothyroidism for combination therapy was 2.84 (95% CI 1.71, 4.72; P < 0.0001) and 1.71 (95% CI 1.38, 2.13; P < 0.00001), respectively. The risk ratio for all-grade increased AST and all-grade increased ALT was 3.87 (95% CI 2.74, 5.47; P < 0.00001) and 4.29 (95% CI 3.05, 6.04; P < 0.00001), respectively. The risk ratio for all-grade hypophysitis and all-grade pneumonitis was 4.24 (95% CI 2.26, 7.98; P < 0.00001) and 2.92 (95% CI 1.60, 5.33; P = 0.0005), respectively.
Patients receiving combination immunotherapy are at increased risk of selected all-grade irAEs. Although fatal high-grade irAEs is rare, AEs caused by combination immunotherapy should be recognized promptly in order to avoid more serious complications.
•This is the first and most comprehensive meta-analysis on the risk of various irAEs following ICIs on combination therapy.•Combination immunotherapies are associated with a significant increase in risk of selected all-grade irAEs.•Some fatal irAEs such as pneumonitis and hepatotoxicity should be recognized promptly.
Liquid coordination complexes (LCCs), which are formed between metal halides and donor molecules, represent promising catalysts. Six amide-AlCl3 LCCs were successfully synthesized, followed by their ...characterization through NMR, Raman, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The acidity of these LCCs was quantified by performing computational modelling of fluoride ion affinities (FIA) and experimental Gutmann–Beckett measurements. Spectroscopic analysis indicated bidentate coordination between amide ligands and Al, which induced asymmetric splitting of Al2Cl6 into diverse ions such as AlCl2L2+, AlCl4−, AlCl3L, and Al2Cl6L. The computed FIA was found to align well with the experimental acidity trends, thereby confirming the proposed structure of the LCC. In the alkylation tests, the LCC with a high acidity demonstrated an increase in the yields of C5-C7 alkylates. These results provide an in-depth understanding of the tuneable structures of amide-AlCl3 LCCs. The acidity of LCCs can be controlled by tuning the ratio of the organic ligand to AlCl3, which allows bidentate coordination to facilitate asymmetric splitting of Al2Cl6. The LCCs demonstrate a high degree of potential as versatile and sustainable acid catalysts in alkylation reactions. These findings may advance the foundational knowledge of LCCs for the purpose of targeted acid catalyst design.
The shift to a market economy in the past few decades has privatised the housing market and transformed housing into a crucial part of social stratification in urban China as in many Western ...capitalist countries. The hukou system which is based on the place of origin has long been a major state institution connected with where people reside and their entitlements in China. However, the existing research has been paid little attention to the multi-dimensions of the hukou system and the emerging class structure in the process of market transformation. I conceptualise hukou stratification in transitional urban China based on three dimensions and construct a new class typology based on Wright's capitalist class theory. Using the 2010-2013 Chinese General Social Survey, I investigate the effects of hukou and class on two housing outcomes: homeownership and housing space. The findings reveal that hukou is more important than class in determining homeownership, but class is more important than hukou in determining workers' housing space in transitional urban China. This study contributes to the ongoing market transition debate, the results of which deepen insights into the hybrid nature of the stratification outcomes in the context of China's market transition.
The influence of wetting and drying cycles (WDC) on the strength weakening of typical rocks in soft and hard interbedded rock masses is vital to comprehend the mechanism of numerous bank slope ...failures in soft and hard interbedded strata induced by water level fluctuations. How WDC affect the strength of intact rocks in red stratum of the Badong Formation, a typical sliding-prone interbedded stratum in the Three Gorges area, is a topic worthy of comprehensive investigation. In this study, the effects of WDC on the physical and strength parameters of silty mudstone and silty sandstone were examined by performing a series of experiments on a total of 116 rock samples. Models of strength weakening were developed for the two rock types to express the relations between the strength deterioration coefficient (ratio of the weakened and initial value of strength parameters) and the number of WDC. The results indicate that treatment with WDC causes increases in the water absorption rate, and decreases in longitudinal wave velocity, tensile strength, cohesion and internal friction angle for both silty mudstone and silty sandstone samples with the rate of change decreasing with an increasing number of WDC; the variations in physical and strength parameters are larger for silty mudstone compared with silty sandstone; the effects of WDC on tensile strength and cohesion are higher than on internal friction angle for the studied rock types; Intergranular cracks and intragranular cracks were observed to increase with the number of WDC, evolution mode of rock microstructures was proposed, and the main weakening mechanisms induced by WDC was summarized as microcracks growth by mineral expansion and contraction, which weaken the strength of the studied rocks with the impact depending mainly on the mineral contents and microstructures in rocks. Finally, the established strength weakening models were applied in the numerical model to investigate the influence of WDC on the strength of rock mass with silty mudstone and silty sandstone interbedded layers in the Badong Formation. The obtained results provide useful guidance to reasonably evaluate the long-term stability of soft and hard interbedded bank slopes in reservoir area.
•Typical rocks in a interbedded red stratum were sampled from the field.•Experiments were performed on 116 rock samples under wetting and drying cycles.•Effect on tensile strength and cohesion are higher than on internal friction angle.•Mineral expansion, contraction and dissolution induces weakening of rocks.•The test data were used to study strength weakening of interbedded rock mass.
A novel method combining SPR biosensing with magnetic bioseparation techniques for highly sensitive and selective detection of cTnI is developed.
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This work reports ...immunomagnetic separation technology-assisted surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing for human cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), a well-known diagnostic marker for myocardial damage. Au film modified by Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and polydopamine (PDA) was employed as the platforms for immobilizing capture antibody (cAb) and SPR sensing. Magnetic immune probe was prepared by attaching detection antibody (dAb) on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) coated by PDA for precise capture, magnetic separation and enrichment of target analyte (cTnI) from samples. This extraction process greatly improves the sensitivity and effectively reduces the nonspecific interference from complex matrixes. The analyte cTnI collected via Fe3O4@PDA-dAb immune probe can be specially recognized by cAb immobilized on the sensing platform. By introducing secondary antibody (Ab2) conjugated with multi-walled carbon nanotube-PDA-AgNPs (MWCNTs-PDA-AgNPs/Ab2) to the sensing system, the residual binding sites of cTnI were occupied, and the SPR response signals were further amplified. The obtained detection limit for cTnI is 3.75 ng mL−1, which is 320-folds lower than that achieved by PDA-based sensing strategy. The present method was applied to the examination of serum samples spiked with cTnI, and the good recoveries demonstrate its future applicability in clinical diagnosis.
The first catalytic enantioselective construction of a 3,3'-pyrrolidinyldispirooxindole scaffold has been established via organocatalytic asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of isatin-derived ...azomethine ylides with methyleneindolinones, which afforded structurally complex bis-spirooxindoles containing three contiguous and two quaternary stereogenic centers in generally high yields (up to 99%) and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >95:5 dr, 98% ee). This reaction also provides a good example for the application of catalytic asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions in constructing enantioenriched bis-spirooxindole frameworks with structural complexity and rigidity.
Bipolar redox organics have attracted interest as electrode materials for energy storage owing to their flexibility, sustainability and environmental friendliness. However, an understanding of their ...application in all‐organic batteries, let alone dual‐ion batteries (DIBs), is in its infancy. Herein, we propose a strategy to screen a variety of phthalocyanine‐based bipolar organics. The self‐polymerizable bipolar Cu tetraaminephthalocyanine (CuTAPc) shows multifunctional applications in various energy storage systems, including lithium‐based DIBs using CuTAPc as the cathode material, graphite‐based DIBs using CuTAPc as the anode material and symmetric DIBs using CuTAPc as both the cathode and anode materials. Notably, in lithium‐based DIBs, the use of CuTAPc as the cathode material results in a high discharge capacity of 236 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and a high reversible capacity of 74.3 mAh g−1 after 4000 cycles at 4 A g−1. Most importantly, a high energy density of 239 Wh kg−1 and power density of 11.5 kW kg−1 can be obtained in all‐organic symmetric DIBs.
The fast and the tunable: A bipolar and self‐polymerizable phthalocyanine complex is used as the polarity‐switchable and high‐performance electrode material for lithium‐based and graphite‐based dual‐ion batteries, even all‐organic symmetric dual‐ion batteries. This approach can bridge the gap between organic batteries and dual‐ion batteries.
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