•An interfacial solar evaporation and planting system was designed.•The evaporator delivered high freshwater production (10.95 kg m−2 day−1).•Solar energy and seawater were harnessed for agricultural ...sustainability.•Highly saline soils were practically restored to productive agricultural soils.•Saline soil washing continuously generated clean water to support plant growth.
Interfacial solar steam generation is an efficient way to produce freshwater from saline water. This technology was further harnessed here for simultaneous saline soil remediation and enhanced agricultural sustainability. An interfacial solar evaporation and planting system was designed that uses treated seawater for saline soil washing and agricultural irrigation. In outdoor experiments the evaporator realized high freshwater production (10.95 kg m−2 day−1) with a soil washing efficiency 3 times greater than traditional distillation. Post treatment plant assays showed that initially highly saline soils could be restored to functional agricultural soils with germination rates of 65% after soil washing, where solar evaporation could continuously provide irrigation water for plant growth. This system is fully automated and uses only solar energy and seawater for saline soil remediation and irrigation. The development of this system provides a potentially useful solution to alleviate global problems associated with water scarcity, soil salinization, and desertification.
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The work reported in this paper aims at developing a practical and efficient tool for utility transmission planners to protect critical transmission assets from potential physical attacks. A trilevel ...min-max-min optimization model is proposed to represent actions of a planner, an attacker, and an operator. These three agents share a common objective function, which is the system load shedding. The strong duality theorem is used to merge the middle- and lower-level problems into a single-level one. The resulting mixed-integer bilevel model is solved by a Benders decomposition technique using primal cuts. Two case studies are presented as applications of this novel technique. Additionally, the proposed technique is compared with an implicit enumeration algorithm.
Abstract
Context
Cardio-cerebrovascular events are severe complications of diabetes.
Objective
We aim to compare the incident risk of cardio-cerebrovascular events in maturity onset diabetes of the ...young (MODY), type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.
Methods
Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and MODY were diagnosed by whole exome sequencing. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of the first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), including acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, unstable angina pectoris, and cardio-cerebrovascular-related mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were applied and adjusted to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the incident risk of MACE in type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, MODY, and MODY subgroups compared with people without diabetes (control group).
Results
Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and MODY accounted for 2.7%, 68.1%, and 11.4% of 26 198 participants with diabetes from UK Biobank. During a median follow-up of 13 years, 1028 MACEs occurred in the control group, contrasting with 70 events in patients with type 1 diabetes (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.69-2.74, P < .05), 5020 events in patients with type 2 diabetes (HR 7.02, 95% CI 6.56-7.51, P < .05), and 717 events in MODY (HR 5.79, 95% CI 5.26-6.37, P < .05). The hazard of MACE in HNF1B-MODY was highest among MODY subgroups (HR 11.00, 95% CI 5.47-22.00, P = 1.5 × 10–11).
Conclusion
MODY diagnosed by genetic analysis represents higher prevalence than the clinical diagnosis in UK Biobank. The risk of incident cardio-cerebrovascular events in MODY ranks between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Objective
Changes in gut microbiota have been linked to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but knowledge is limited. Our study aimed to provide an in‐depth understanding of the contribution of gut ...microbiota to the immunopathogenesis of SLE.
Methods
Fecal metagenomes from 117 patients with untreated SLE and 52 SLE patients posttreatment were aligned with 115 matched healthy controls and analyzed by whole‐genome profiling. For comparison, we assessed the fecal metagenome of MRL/lpr mice. The oral microbiota origin of the gut species that existed in SLE patients was documented by single‐nucleotide polymorphism–based strain‐level analyses. Functional validation assays were performed to demonstrate the molecular mimicry of newly found microbial peptides.
Results
Gut microbiota from individuals with SLE displayed significant differences in microbial composition and function compared to healthy controls. Certain species, including the Clostridium species ATCC BAA‐442 as well as Atopobium rimae, Shuttleworthia satelles, Actinomyces massiliensis, Bacteroides fragilis, and Clostridium leptum, were enriched in SLE gut microbiota and reduced after treatment. Enhanced lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis aligned with reduced branched chain amino acid biosynthesis was observed in the gut of SLE patients. The findings in mice were consistent with our findings in human subjects. Interestingly, some species with an oral microbiota origin were enriched in the gut of SLE patients. Functional validation assays demonstrated the proinflammatory capacities of some microbial peptides derived from SLE‐enriched species.
Conclusion
This study provides detailed information on the microbiota of untreated patients with SLE, including their functional signatures, similarities with murine counterparts, oral origin, and the definition of autoantigen‐mimicking peptides. Our data demonstrate that microbiome‐altering approaches may offer valuable adjuvant therapies in SLE.
Computer music production is an essential branch of computer technology in artistic creation. This is an interdisciplinary subject with information science and art. This paper proposes a creation ...model for digital music with first-order inhomogeneous first-order constant coefficient linear differential equations. This mode includes acoustic modes for waveform envelopes and bands. It has a straight-line mapping of phonetic patterns and rhythmic patterns. Then this paper uses the signal reconstruction principle and iterative extrapolation method to restore the signal in the frequency domain to obtain the simulated music. The experimental results show that this digital music creation model of inhomogeneous first-order constant coefficient linear differentiation can save a lot of labor costs. And this way can improve the audio quality and output effect. Compared with the undetermined factor method and the Laplace transform method in conventional advanced mathematics, the inhomogeneous first-order constant coefficient linear differentiation is more convenient in music composition.
Interfacial solar steam generation is a highly efficient and sustainable technology for clean water production and wastewater treatment. Although great progress has been achieved in improving ...evaporation rate and energy efficiency, it's still challenging to fully eliminate the energy loss to the surrounding environment during solar steam generation. To achieve this, a novel heatsink‐like evaporator (HSE) is developed herein. During solar evaporation, the temperature on the top solar evaporation surface can be regulated by the fin structures of the HSE. For the evaporators with 5 to 7 heatsink fins, the temperature of the solar evaporation surface is decreased to be lower than the ambient temperature, which fully eliminates the radiation, convection, and conduction heat losses, leading to the absolute cold evaporation over the entire evaporator under 1.0 sun irradiation. As a result, massive energy (4.26 W), which is over 170% of the received light energy, is harvested from the environment due to the temperature deficit, significantly enhancing the energy efficiency of solar steam generation. An extremely high evaporation rate of 4.10 kg m−2 h−1 is realized with a 6‐fin photothermal HSE, corresponding to an energy conversion efficiency far beyond the theoretical limit, assuming 100% light‐to‐vapor energy conversion.
A heat‐sink like photothermal evaporator is designed and fabricated to realize fully cold solar evaporation under one sun irradiation with zero energy loss and massive energy gain (equivalent to 170% of the incident light energy) from the environment. An extremely high evaporation rate of 4.10 kg m−2 h−1 with corresponding energy efficiency far beyond the theoretical limit is achieved.
A photothermal reservoir composed of a water storage core encapsulated by a graphene-based aerogel sheet is designed for solar-steam generation without bulk water. The photothermal reservoir ...delivered an extremely high water evaporation rate of 4.0 kg m–2 h−1 under 1.0 sun.
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A solid photothermal reservoir is designed to implement solar-steam generation in the absence of bulk water. The photothermal reservoir is composed of a water absorbing core encapsulated by a photothermal reduced graphene oxide based aerogel sheet which absorbs light and converts it into heat thus evaporating the stored water. The photothermal reservoir is able to store 6.5 times its own weight in water, which is sufficient for one day solar evaporation, thus no external water supplement is required. During solar-steam generation, since no bulk water is involved, the photothermal reservoir minimizes heat conduction loss, and maximizes both of the exposed evaporation surface area and net energy gain from the environment, leading to an energy efficiency beyond the theoretical limit. An extremely high water evaporation rate of 4.0 kg m−2 h−1 (normalized to projection area) is achieved in laboratory studies over a cylinder photothermal reservoir with a diameter of 5.2 cm and a height of 15 cm under 1.0 sun irradiation. Practical evaluation of the photothermal reservoir outdoors as part of a desalination device demonstrates a similar evaporation rate where the salinity of the clean water produced is lower than 24 ppb. Thus the photothermal reservoir shows great potential for real world applications in portable solar-thermal desalination.
Summary
Clinical trials have investigated the weight loss effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA) in adults with obesity without diabetes mellitus, but results for weight loss ...efficacy were varied. We aimed to provide an up‐to‐date systematic review and meta‐analysis for overall weight loss effect of GLP‐1 RA in adults with obesity and overweight without diabetes mellitus. We retrieved eligible randomized control trials that assessed the weight loss effect of GLP‐1 RA in adults (≥18 years old) without type 1/type 2 diabetes up to September 30, 2021, using Pubmed and Embase. Of 36 clinical trials assessed for eligibility, 12 trials were included, with a combined total of 11,459 participants. Compared with control groups, a more significant weight loss was seen in GLP‐1 RA groups with an overall mean difference of −7.1 kg (95% CI −9.2 to −5.0) (I2 = 99%). The overall analysis results showed that GLP‐1 RA improved glycemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycemic events. Better control of blood pressure and plasma levels of LDL, HDL, and triglycerides was seen with GLP‐1 RA treatment. Subgroup analysis showed greater treatment effect of semaglutide than liraglutide. Vomiting, nausea, dyspepsia, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain were GLP‐1 RA‐associated common adverse effects.
Potassium-ion batteries are attracting great attention as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and low price of potassium. Herein, the phosphorus/carbon composite, ...obtained by a simple ball-milling of 20 wt% commercial red phosphorus and 80 wt% graphite, is studied as a novel anode for potassium-ion batteries. Considering the high theoretical specific capacity of phosphorus and formation of stable phosphorus-carbon bond, which can alleviate the volume expansion efficiently, the phosphorus/carbon composite exhibits a high charge capacity of 323.5 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g−1 with moderate rate capability and cycling stability. By the X-ray diffraction analysis, the alloying–dealloying mechanism of phosphorus is proposed to form a KP phase. Meanwhile, prepotassiation treatment is conducted to improve the low initial coulomb efficiency.
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•Phosphorus/Carbon composite is prepare by mechanical ball-milling.•Red P transforms into stable amorphous black P be observed.•Stable phosphorus-carbon bond alleviates the volume expansion.•The mechanism of phosphorus is proposed to form a KP phase.
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