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•A hybrid AnMBR was developed to treat food waste with anti-fouling function.•About 21% of biomass attached on the carriers in the hybrid AnMBR.•Membrane fouling was largely ...alleviated in the hybrid AnMBR.•Thermophilic AD of food waste can maintain stability at high OLR.
The thermophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste was a long-term challenge for maintaining process stability. A hybrid submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), integrating 27%(v/v) polyurethane sponge as fixed carriers were therefore investigated at (50 ± 2) °C. The organics removal efficiencies, COD mass balance, and membrane filtration performance were investigated in a 75-days continuously operated experiment. The results showed that methane production reached 0.31 L/(kg·COD) under an organic loading rate of 7.3 kg·COD/(m3·d). The low concentration of total volatile fatty acids of 247 ~ 274 mg/L and a high proportion of Methanosarcina (>97%) represented the high stability of the thermophilic process. Approximately 21% of biomass grew on the carriers in the hybrid AnMBR and induced a much lower suspended solids concentration and viscosity of bulk sludge. Noticeable lower trans-membrane pressure was consequently observed. The affecting factors identified by PCA analysis proved the advantages of the hybrid AnMBR for alleviating membrane fouling formation.
Person re-identification (Re-ID) has long been a pressing challenge in the field of computer vision, with researchers primarily focusing on issues such as occlusion, clothing changes, and ...cross-modality scenarios. However, there has been a lack of research specifically addressing the re-identification of pedestrians wearing identical clothing. In this study, we explore and investigate this unique scenario for the first time, assuming that all detected pedestrians are dressed in the same attire. To evaluate the effectiveness of existing person re-identification methods, we establish a validation dataset comprising synthetic data. Additionally, we propose a novel dual-stream feature learning framework model to address the issue of clothing similarity in person re-identification. Our experimental results demonstrate that our model not only tackles the same-clothing challenge but also exhibits strong adaptability and robustness in cloth-changing Re-ID tasks. We believe that this research will encourage further attention from researchers toward the same-clothing problem in person re-identification, and the associated code and dataset are made available on
https://github.com/Titor99/SC-ReID
.
Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR) were a promising technology to treat high-strength wastewater; however, inorganic precipitation trigged membrane fouling was an obstacle when treating leachate ...produced from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. A flat sheet submerged AnMBR was therefore operated for 61 days to treat leachate with total solids in reactor reaching 57 g/L. The results obtained in this study found that approximately 95%, 74%, and 84% of the Ca, Mg, and P were removed through the formation of complex precipitates. Calcite was the dominant precipitation form. There were 17.4 mg-Ca/cm2, 1.3 mg-P/cm2, and 0.4 mg-Mg/cm2 residues attached to the membrane surface. Those materials were removed by immersing in a 2% citric acid solution and thus the membrane filtration ability was completely recovered. By the end, the concentration of inorganic materials inside the AnMBR accumulated to 42 g/L, accounting for 73% of the total solids. The trans-membrane pressure slightly increased from 3.1 kPa to 4.2 kPa indicating the sustainability of this high-solids type AnMBR. The chemical precipitation induced 91% removal of phosphors from leachate. Conclusively, this study may provide new insights into the formation of membrane fouling in a leachate treatment AnMBR.
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•The AnMBR can sustain the high inorganic solids when treating OFMSW leachate;•Mass balance of Ca, P, and Mg explained the precipitation formation;•Calcite was the dominant precipitation form;•Around 91% phosphorus was anaerobically removed in the AnMBR.
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•High solid type of AnMBR was used to treat OFMSW leachate.•Materials flow and membrane performance were evaluated based on steady operation.•86% of influent COD was converted into ...methane with limited sludge yield of 3%•Sustainable flux was possible at 6 LMH under a high TS up to 61.1 g/L.
The anaerobic digestion of leachate from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is a long-standing challenge. A submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) embedding three flat sheet membrane was therefore continuously operated for 63 days to investigate the materials flow and membrane performance. The results obtained show that approximately 90% COD was removed and 86% was converted into methane under an OLR of 5.6 kgCOD/m3·d corresponding to a HRT of 10 days. Under the high solid condition (34.5–61.1 g/L total solids in AnMBR) and flux of 5 and 6 LMH, the membranes was operated practically at constant trans-membrane pressure (TMP). When the membrane was operated at a high flux of 7 LMH the TMP rapid increase occurred in 22 h resulting in a non-recoverable permeability. A sustainable flux was thus identified. This study demonstrated the feasibility of AnMBR treating OFMSW leachate under high solid condition with high flux.
Lysine lactylation (Kla) links metabolism and gene regulation and plays a key role in multiple biological processes. However, the regulatory mechanism and functional consequence of Kla remain to be ...explored. Here, we report that HBO1 functions as a lysine lactyltransferase to regulate transcription. We show that HBO1 catalyzes the addition of Kla in vitro and intracellularly, and E508 is a key site for the lactyltransferase activity of HBO1. Quantitative proteomic analysis further reveals 95 endogenous Kla sites targeted by HBO1, with the majority located on histones. Using site-specific antibodies, we find that HBO1 may preferentially catalyze histone H3K9la and scaffold proteins including JADE1 and BRPF2 can promote the enzymatic activity for histone Kla. Notably, CUT&Tag assays demonstrate that HBO1 is required for histone H3K9la on transcription start sites (TSSs). Besides, the regulated Kla can promote key signaling pathways and tumorigenesis, which is further supported by evaluating the malignant behaviors of HBO1- knockout (KO) tumor cells, as well as the level of histone H3K9la in clinical tissues. Our study reveals HBO1 serves as a lactyltransferase to mediate a histone Kla-dependent gene transcription.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas are combinations of Chinese herbal medicines. Knowledge of classic medicine formulas is the basis of TCM diagnosis and treatment and is the core of TCM ...inheritance. The large number and flexibility of medicine formulas make memorization difficult, and understanding their composition rules is even more difficult. The multifaceted and multidimensional properties of herbal medicines are important for understanding the formula; however, these are usually separated from the formula information. Furthermore, these data are presented as text and cannot be analyzed jointly and interactively.
We aimed to devise a visualization method for TCM formulas that shows the composition of medicine formulas and the multidimensional properties of herbal medicines involved and supports the comparison of medicine formulas.
A TCM formula visualization method with multiple linked views is proposed and implemented as a web-based tool after close collaboration between visualization and TCM experts. The composition of medicine formulas is visualized in a formula view with a similarity-based layout supporting the comparison of compositing herbs; a shared herb view complements the formula view by showing all overlaps of pair-wise formulas; and a dimensionality-reduction plot of herbs enables the visualization of multidimensional herb properties. The usefulness of the tool was evaluated through a usability study with TCM experts.
Our method was applied to 2 typical categories of medicine formulas, namely tonic formulas and heat-clearing formulas, which contain 20 and 26 formulas composed of 58 and 73 herbal medicines, respectively. Each herbal medicine has a 23-dimensional characterizing attribute. In the usability study, TCM experts explored the 2 data sets with our web-based tool and quickly gained insight into formulas and herbs of interest, as well as the overall features of the formula groups that are difficult to identify with the traditional text-based method. Moreover, feedback from the experts indicated the usefulness of the proposed method.
Our TCM formula visualization method is able to visualize and compare complex medicine formulas and the multidimensional attributes of herbal medicines using a web-based tool. TCM experts gained insights into 2 typical medicine formula categories using our method. Overall, the new method is a promising first step toward new TCM formula education and analysis methodologies.
Fungal pathogens typically use secreted effector proteins to suppress host immune activators to facilitate invasion. However, there is rarely evidence supporting the idea that fungal secretory ...proteins contribute to pathogenesis by transactivating host genes that suppress defense. We previously found that pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae induces rice Bsr-d1 to facilitate infection and hypothesized that a fungal effector mediates this induction. Here, we report that MoSPAB1 secreted by M. oryzae directly binds to the Bsr-d1 promoter to induce its expression, facilitating pathogenesis. Amino acids 103-123 of MoSPAB1 are required for its binding to the Bsr-d1 promoter. Both MoSPAB1 and rice MYBS1 compete for binding to the Bsr-d1 promoter to regulate Bsr-d1 expression. Furthermore, MoSPAB1 homologues are highly conserved among fungi. In particular, Colletotrichum fructicola CfSPAB1 and Colletotrichum sublineola CsSPAB1 activate kiwifruit AcBsr-d1 and sorghum SbBsr-d1 respectively, to facilitate pathogenesis. Taken together, our findings reveal a conserved module that may be widely utilized by fungi to enhance pathogenesis.
Formaldehyde (FA) is a toxic compound that is considered to have a carcinogenic effect due to its damage to biological macromolecules. However, the influence of FA at the protein level remains to be ...explored. Here, we used LC-MS/MS to identify the differentially expressed proteins and modifications to proteins between FA-treated and untreated HeLa cells. Among 2021 proteins identified, 196 proteins were significantly down-regulated and 152 up-regulated. The differentially expressed proteins were further analyzed using bioinformatics tools for annotating the characterization of their localizations and functions. To evaluate the interaction of FA with proteins, we performed proteomic analysis for a mass shift of 12 Da on the side chains of lysine, cysteine and tryptophan, which are induced by FA as noticeable signals. We identified the modified proteins and sites, suggesting direct interaction between FA and proteins. Motif analysis further showed the characterization of amino acid sequences that react with FA. Cluster analysis of the modified proteins indicated that the FA-interacting networks are mostly enriched in the nuclei, ribosomes and metabolism. Our study presents the influence of FA on proteomes and modifications, offering a new insight into the mechanisms underlying FA-induced biological effects.
The illegal additions of chemicals in food products are serious incidents threatening current public safety. To date, ideal methods to determine permanent traces of prohibited chemicals in foods are ...still lacking. For example, formaldehyde (FA) can be added illegally as a food preservative. However, most current methods that are dependent on the direct detection of FA are not able to determine if FA has ever been added once food products are rinsed completely. Herein, we present a novel approach relying upon protein modifications induced by FA (PMIF) to examine FA in foods. We reveal the entire catalog of PMIFs in food products by combining mass spectrometry analysis with unrestrictive identification of protein modifications. Consequently, four obvious PMIFs were identified and confirmed as markers to discriminate the addition of FA in foods. Our study demonstrates that the approach based on PMIFs enables detecting the imprinted trace of FA even if the food products have been washed thoroughly. Our work presents a novel strategy for analysis of chemical additives, offering broad potential applications in protein analysis and food safety.
