Herein we report on the development of a metal‐free oxidative annulation reaction of 1,6‐enynes, leading to 4‐carbonylquinolines by using dioxygen as a green sustainable oxidant. Key advances include ...the use of readily available tert‐butyl nitrite (TBN) to promote radical annulation of 1,6‐enynes and easy‐to‐handle reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies including radical capture reactions and isotope labelling experiments are also conducted.
While monochrome organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have achieved over 30% external quantum efficiencies (EQEs), all‐TADF white ...OLEDs (WOLEDs) are still lagging behind. Herein, a simple system based on two color‐complementary TADF emitters is exploited to realize high‐performance WOLEDs. By doping a high‐performance orange–red TADF fluorophor (BPPZ‐DPXZ) into a blue TADF host (DBFCz‐Trz), energy transfer, and triplet‐to‐singlet conversion in the host‐dopant system can be optimized to simultaneously achieve full exciton utilization and color balance. With this design, all‐TADF single‐emitting‐layer WOLEDs with a maximum EQE up to 32.8% are demonstrated. This high efficiency surpasses EQEs of reported WOLEDs based on both TADF as well as phosphorescence. It is expected that this finding can provide new insight for designing highly efficient all‐TADF WOLEDs.
All thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) single‐emitting‐layer white organic light‐emitting diodes are developed by using a high‐efficiency orange–red TADF fluorophor doped in a blue TADF fluorophor. Singlet and triplet excitons in the devices can be well shared and captured in two emitters, resulting in state‐of‐the‐art performances with maximum external quantum efficiencies of over 30%.
Sepsis, a life‐threatening condition stemming from an uncontrolled host immune response to bacterial infections, continues to impose a significant global burden with high morbidity and mortality. ...Addressing the challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance and uncontrollable inflammation remains a challenge in sepsis treatment. Moreover, traditional antibacterial materials have low bacterial trapping efficiency and inevitable prolonged circulation within the bloodstream, resulting in suboptimal antibacterial effects, metabolic complications, and undesirable side effects. In this study, an innovative solution is introduced through the development of Fe3O4@SH@TBTCP‐PMB, an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer (PS)‐armored magnetic nanoparticles (NPs). It has high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency and an exceptional ability to capture Gram‐positive bacteria with over 80% enrichment efficiency within just 1 h, even at low bacterial concentrations. Under white light illumination, 100 µg mL−1 of Fe3O4@SH@TBTCP‐PMB effectively eliminated more than 99.9% of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Furthermore, its magnetic separation properties efficiently prevent systemic blood circulation and associated side effects. Most importantly, Fe3O4@SH@TBTCP‐PMB demonstrates superior anti‐inflammatory effects by regulating cytokines, reducing adhesion molecule expression, and managing oxidative stress levels. This multifunctional approach significantly enhances sepsis survival rates, offering a promising strategy for combating multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacterial infections in sepsis patients while addressing inflammation‐related complications.
An aggregation‐induced emission photosensitizer‐armored magnetic nanoparticle, Fe3O4@SH@TBTCP‐PMB, that combines high ROS generation efficiency and magnetic trapping and separation character to circumvent the potential toxic side effects associated with prolonged blood circulation and metabolic challenges. It efficiently traps Gram‐positive bacteria, eliminates multidrug‐resistant bacteria, attenuates the inflammatory response, and restores the innate immune defense system to conquer sepsis in mouse model.
Silicon nanostructure-based solar cells have lately intrigued intensive interest because of their promising potential in next-generation solar energy conversion devices. Herein, we report a silicon ...nanowire (SiNW) array/carbon quantum dot (CQD) core–shell heterojunction photovoltaic device by directly coating Ag-assisted chemical-etched SiNW arrays with CQDs. The heterojunction with a barrier height of 0.75 eV exhibited excellent rectifying behavior with a rectification ratio of 103 at ±0.8 V in the dark and power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 9.10% under AM 1.5G irradiation. It is believed that such a high PCE comes from the improved optical absorption as well as the optimized carrier transfer and collection capability. Furthermore, the heterojunction could function as a high-performance self-driven visible light photodetector operating in a wide switching wavelength with good stability, high sensitivity, and fast response speed. It is expected that the present SiNW array/CQD core–shell heterojunction device could find potential applications in future high-performance optoelectronic devices.
The study of rock fracturing is a fundamental research topic in rock mechanics and engineering. In this paper, based on complete stress–strain curves obtained under TTC and the corresponding AE and ...strain energy results, the mechanical properties and fracturing process of Beishan granite are studied. A representative test result (σ2 = 75 MPa, σ3 = 20 MPa) is selected to analyse and illustrate the three-dimensional fracturing process of the Beishan granite. The results show that the variations in the characteristics of the brittle fracture behaviour, AE and strain energy of Beishan granite change with σ2 or σ3 following certain relationships, and the mechanisms driving these various relationships are very different. The AE and strain energy characteristics of Beishan granite are also quite different among the five fracturing evolution stages. The variations in the increments of AE count, AE event and total elastic strain energy per unit time (ΔSc/Δt, ΔSe/Δt and ΔUe/Δt) are studied at different times and under different stresses during rock failure. The rock fracturing evolution can be illustrated through the variation in these parameters, providing deep insight. This research provides a perspective for studying deep underground fracture-forming processes, such as earthquakes, tunnel sudden failure, spalling, splitting and rockburst.
Highlights ► We successfully prepared hyaluronic acid coated, paclitaxel loaded, nanostructured lipid carriers (HA-NLCs) via electrostatic attraction. ► The in vitro cytotoxicity of HA-NLCs was ...superior to that of Taxol® in B16, CT26 and HCT116 cell lines. ► The in vivo antitumor effect of HA-NLCs in B16-bearing Kunming mice was extremely promising. ► HA-NLC prepared via electrostatic attraction was an effective carrier for delivering paclitaxel PTX to tumors overexpressing CD44.
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing rapidly and at the forefront of worldwide concern. Characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver, NAFLD ...regularly coexists with metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. It has been well established that the presence of NAFLD increases the incidence of type 2 diabetes, while diabetes aggravates NAFLD to more severe forms of steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, recent progress on the genotype/phenotype relationships in NAFLD patients indicates the development of NAFLD with a relative conservation of glucose metabolism in individuals with specific gene variants, such as the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 protein (TM6SF2) variants. This review will focus on the clinical and pathophysiological connections between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes and will also discuss a disproportionate progression of NAFLD and diabetes, and the different responses to lifestyle and drug intervention in NAFLD patients with specific gene variants that may give insight into personalized treatment for NAFLD.
This paper incorporates the multiregional input-output (MRIO) and social network analysis (SNA) methods to investigate China’s embodied carbon transfer across provinces. We estimate the amount of ...interprovincial embodied carbon transfer from 2002 to 2012, analyse the spatial correlation network structure of carbon transfer and its determinants. Our work can clarify the spatial distribution and different roles of provinces in the carbon transfer network. The empirical results show the spatio-temporal evolution of embodied carbon transfer; in 2002, embodied carbon transfer occurred from the energy-rich northern provinces to the developed eastern and central provinces, but in 2012, it transferred to developing southwestern and southern provinces. Moreover, the northwestern provinces act as “bridges” between the central and eastern provinces; eastern provinces play a “bidirectional spillover” role that transfers carbon internally and externally. The embodied carbon transfer network proposed here can help policy makers further clarify individual provinces’ carbon emissions reduction responsibilities and curb national carbon emissions.
•The spatial correlation network structure of embodied carbon transfer in China is analysed.•The carbon emissions is with obvious regional disequilibrium and the transfer is “geographic adhesiveness”.•Northwestern provinces act as “bridges” meanwhile Eastern provinces play a “bidirectional spillover” role in carbon transfer.•The environmental path dependence is most important in affecting embodied carbon transfer in 2012.
Near infrared light photodiodes have been attracting increasing research interest due to their wide application in various fields. In this study, the fabrication of a new n‐type GaAs nanocone ...(GaAsNCs) array/monolayer graphene (MLG) Schottky junction is reported for NIR light detection. The NIR photodetector (NIRPD) shows obvious rectifying behavior with a turn‐on voltage of 0.6 V. Further device analysis reveals that the photovoltaic NIRPDs are highly sensitive to 850 nm light illumination, with a fast response speed and good spectral selectivity at zero bias voltage. It is also revealed that the NIRPD is capable of monitoring high‐switching frequency optical signals (∼2000 Hz) with a high relative balance. Theoretical simulations based on finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis finds that the high device performance is partially associated with the optical property, which can trap most incident photons in an efficient way. It is expected that such a self‐driven NIRPD will have potential application in future optoelectronic devices.
A new Schottky junction near‐infrared light photodetector is fabricated by coating a GaAs nanocone array with a monolayer graphene film, which shows high sensitivity to near‐infrared light irradiation, with good reproducibility, excellent selectivity, and rapid response speed.
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