Fabricating solar cells with tandem structure is an efficient way to broaden the photon response range without further increasing the thermalization loss in the system. In this work, a tandem organic ...solar cell (TOSC) based on highly efficient nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) with series connection type is demonstrated. To meet the different demands of front and rear sub‐cells, two NFAs named F‐M and NOBDT with a whole absorption range from 300 to 900 nm are designed, when blended with wide bandgap polymer poly(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo1,2‐b:4,5‐b′dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo1′,2′‐c:4′,5′‐c′dithiophene‐4,8‐dione)) (PBDB‐T) and narrow bandgap polymer PTB7‐Th, respectively, the PBDB‐T: F‐M system exhibits a high Voc of 0.98 V and the PTB7‐Th: NOBDT system shows a remarkable Jsc of 19.16 mA cm−2, which demonstrate their potential in the TOSCs. With the guidance of optical simulation, by systematically optimizing the thickness of each layer in the TOSC, an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 14.11%, with a Voc of 1.71 V, a Jsc of 11.72 mA cm−2, and a satisfactory fill factor of 0.70 is achieved; this result is one of the top efficiencies reported to date in the field of organic solar cells.
A non‐fullerene tandem organic solar cell (OSC) with high efficiency is fabricated. Two non‐fullerene acceptors named F‐M and NOBDT with a whole absorption range from 300–900 nm are designed for the front and rear sub‐cell respectively; the tandem cell based on them demonstrates an outstanding PCE of 14.11%, which is among the top PCEs in the field of OSCs.
Both Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas and the corresponding mesenchymal neoplasms are characterized by a variety of gene fusions involving TFE3. It has been known that tumors with different ...gene fusions may have different clinicopathologic features; however, further in-depth investigations of subtyping Xp11 translocation-associated cancers are needed in order to explore more meaningful clinicopathologic correlations. A total of 22 unusual cases of Xp11 translocation-associated cancers were selected for the current study; 20 cases were further analyzed by RNA sequencing to explore their TFE3 gene fusion partners. RNA sequencing identified 17 of 20 cases (85%) with TFE3-associated gene fusions, including 4 ASPSCR1/ASPL-TFE3, 3 PRCC-TFE3, 3 SFPQ/PSF-TFE3, 1 NONO-TFE3, 4 MED15-TFE3, 1 MATR3-TFE3, and 1 FUBP1-TFE3. The results have been verified by fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The remaining 2 cases with specific pathologic features highly suggestive of MED15-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma were identified by fusion FISH assay. We provide the detailed morphologic and immunophenotypic description of the MED15-TFE3 renal cell carcinomas, which frequently demonstrate extensively cystic architecture, similar to multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential, and expressed cathepsin K and melanotic biomarker Melan A. This is the first time to correlate the MED15-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma with specific clinicopathologic features. We also report the first case of the corresponding mesenchymal neoplasm with MED15-TFE3 gene fusion. Additional novel TFE3 gene fusion partners, MATR3 and FUBP1, were identified. Cases with ASPSCR1-TFE3, SFPQ-TFE3, PRCC-TFE3, and NONO-TFE3 gene fusion showed a wide variability in morphologic features, including invasive tubulopapillary pattern simulating collecting duct carcinoma, extensive calcification and ossification, and overlapping and high columnar cells with nuclear grooves mimicking tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Furthermore, we respectively evaluated the ability of TFE3 immunohistochemistry, TFE3 FISH, RT-PCR, and RNA sequencing to subclassify Xp11 translocation-associated cancers. In summary, our study expands the list of TFE3 gene fusion partners and the clinicopathologic features of Xp11 translocation-associated cancers, and highlights the importance of subtyping Xp11 translocation-associated cancers combining morphology, immunohistochemistry, and multiple molecular techniques.
Metaplastic thymoma is a rare thymic tumour characterized by Yes Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) and Mastermind Like Transcriptional Coactivator 2 (MAML2) gene fusions resulting from an intrachromosomal ...inversion of chromosome 11. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody directed against the C-terminus of YAP1 has shown loss of expression in YAP1-rearranged vascular neoplasms, poromas, and porocarcinomas. This study aimed to validate an anti-YAP1 C-terminal antibody as an ancillary immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of metaplastic thymoma.
Ten metaplastic thymomas were selected for the current study. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), next-generation sequencing (NGS), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed to detect YAP1::MAML2 fusions. We then performed immunohistochemistry to detect YAP1 C-terminus expression in 10 metaplastic thymomas, 50 conventional thymomas (10 each of type A thymoma, type AB thymoma, type B1 thymoma, type B2 thymoma, and type B3 thymoma) and seven thymic carcinomas.
All 10 cases showed narrow split signals with a distance of nearly two signal diameters and sometimes had false-negative results in YAP1 and MAML2 break-apart FISH (BA-FISH). Abnormal colocalized signals of the YAP1::MAML2 fusion were observed in all 10 cases using fusion FISH (F-FISH) assays. Eight of 10 cases with adequate nucleic acids were successfully sequenced and all showed YAP1::MAML2 fusions; in two cases the fusions were detected by both DNA and RNA sequencing and in six cases by RNA sequencing only. YAP1::MAML2 fusion transcripts were identified in four cases by RT-PCR. Metaplastic thymoma showed loss of YAP1 C-terminus expression in all 10 (100%) cases. All other thymic neoplasms showed retained YAP1 C-terminus expression.
YAP1 C-terminus immunohistochemistry is a highly sensitive and specific ancillary marker that distinguishes metaplastic thymoma from its mimics. BA-FISH assays could not effectively detect YAP1::MAML2 fusions due to the proximity of the two genes. Loss of YAP1 C-terminus expression is a reliable surrogate for the detection of YAP1::MAML2 fusions in metaplastic thymoma.
The tandem structure is an efficient way to simultaneously tackle absorption and thermalization losses of the single junction solar cells. In this work, a high‐performance tandem organic solar cell ...(OSC) using two subcells with the same donor poly(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo1,2‐b:4,5‐b′dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo1′,2′‐c:4′,5′‐c′dithiophene‐4,8‐dione)) (PBDB‐T) and two acceptors, F‐M and 2,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)benzf indanone))7,12‐dihydro‐(4,4,10,10‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐5,11‐diocthylthieno3′,2′:4,5cyclopenta1,2‐bthieno2″,3″:3′,4′cyclopenta1′,2′:4,5thieno2,3‐f1benzothiophene (NNBDT), with complementary absorptions is demonstrated. The two subcells show high Voc with value of 0.99 V for the front cell and 0.86 V for the rear cell, which is the prerequisite for obtaining high Voc of their series‐connected tandem device. Although there is much absorption overlap for the subcells, a decent Jsc of the tandem cell is still obtained owing to the complementary absorption of the two acceptors in a wide range. With systematic device optimizations, a best power conversion efficiency of 14.52% is achieved for the tandem device, with a high Voc of 1.82 V, a notable FF of 74.7%, and a decent Jsc of 10.68 mA cm−2. This work demonstrates a promising strategy of fabricating high‐efficiency tandem OSCs through elaborate selection of the active layer materials in each subcell and tradeoff of the Voc and Jsc of the tandem cells.
A tandem organic solar cell is fabricated employing subcells with the same donor PBDB‐T and two acceptors F‐M and NNBDT with complementary absorptions. A power conversion efficiency of 14.52% is achieved with a high Voc of 1.82 V, a notable FF of 74.7%, and a decent Jsc of 10.68 mA cm−2.
Summary Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with SFPQ/PSF-TFE3 gene fusion is a rare epithelial tumor. Of note, the appearance of the gene fusion does not necessarily mean that it is renal ...cell carcinoma. The corresponding mesenchymal neoplasms, including Xp11 neoplasm with melanocytic differentiation, TFE3 rearrangement-associated perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) and melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancer, can also harbor the identical gene fusion. However, the differences between Xp11 translocation RCC and the corresponding mesenchymal neoplasm have only recently been described. Herein, we examined 5 additional cases of SFPQ-TFE3 RCCs using clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses. One tumor had the typical morphologic features of SFPQ-TFE3 RCC, whereas the other 3 cases demonstrated the unusual morphologic features associated with pseudorosettes formation or clusters of smaller cells, mimicking TFEB RCC. The remaining one showed branching tubules and papillary structure composed of clear and eosinophilic tumor cells. Immunohisochemically, all 5 cases demonstrated moderate (2+) or strong (3+) positive staining for TFE3, PAX-8 and CD10, whereas no cases demonstrated TFEB, Cathepsin K, CA-IX, CK7, Melan-A, or HMB-45 expression. Genetically, the fusion transcripts were identified in 3 cases by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). On the basis of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, all the cases were detected SFPQ-TFE3 gene fusion. Clinical follow-up data were available for all the patients and no one developed tumor recurrence, progression, or metastasis. We also review the differences between SFPQ-TFE3 RCC and the corresponding mesenchymal neoplasm despite the identical gene fusion. The presence of pseudorosettes also expands the known histological features of SFPQ-TFE3 RCC.
This retrospective cohort study attempts to investigate pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women of advanced maternal age (AMA). Data were extracted from electronic medical ...records system at West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2013 to July 2016. The study cohort consisted 8 subgroups of women on 4 different age levels (20-29 years, 30-34 years, 35-39 years and ≥40 years) and 2 different parities (primiparity and multiparity). In the study period, 38811 women gave birth at our hospital, a randomized block was used to include 2800 women of singleton pregnancy >28 gestational weeks, with 350 patients in each subgroup. Maternal complications and fetal outcomes were collected and defined according to relevant guidelines. Confounding factors representing maternal demographic characteristics were identified from previous studies and analysed in multivariate analysis. There was an increasing trend for the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes with increasing age, especially in AMA groups. Our study showed that AMA, primiparity, maternal overweight or obesity, lower educational level and residence in rural area increased pregnancy complications and adverse fetal outcomes. Increased professional care as well as public concern is warranted.
Aims
MITF, TFE3, TFEB and TFEC belong to the same microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor family (MiT). Two transcription factors in this family have been identified in two unusual types of ...renal cell carcinoma (RCC): Xp11 translocation RCC harbouring TFE3 gene fusions and t(6;11) RCC harbouring a MALAT1–TFEB gene fusion. The 2016 World Health Organisation classification of renal neoplasia grouped these two neoplasms together under the category of MiT family translocation RCC. RCCs associated with the other two MiT family members, MITF and TFEC, have rarely been reported. Herein, we identify a case of MITF translocation RCC with the novel PRCC–MITF gene fusion by RNA sequencing.
Methods and results
Histological examination of the present tumour showed typical features of MiT family translocation RCCs, overlapping with Xp11 translocation RCC and t(6;11) RCC. However, this tumour showed negative results in TFE3 and TFEB immunochemistry and split fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) assays. The other MiT family members, MITF and TFEC, were tested further immunochemically and also showed negative results. RNA sequencing and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of a PRCC–MITF gene fusion: a fusion of PRCC exon 5 to MITF exon 4. We then developed FISH assays covering MITF break‐apart probes and PRCC–MITF fusion probes to detect the MITF gene rearrangement.
Conclusions
This study both proves the recurring existence of MITF translocation RCC and expands the genotype spectrum of MiT family translocation RCCs.
Thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (TLLGNPPA) is a rare nasopharyngeal carcinoma. To date, less than 60 cases of TLLGNPPA have been reported, and its clinical features and ...pathogenesis remain unclear. In this paper, four cases of TLLGNPPA were reported to clarify the clinicopathological and molecular features of this disease. Histopathological examination revealed that all tumors had papillary glandular arrangement, with a fibrovascular axis in the tumor stroma and focal nuclear groove. All tumors expressed pan-CK, CK7, and CK19, while TG and Pax-8 were negative, and the Ki-67 index was approximately 1–3%. The expression of TTF-1 was diffusely positive in two cases and focally positive in two cases. EBER was not expressed in four cases. Molecular testing was possible in three cases. No common driver event was noted, but unique, mutually exclusive molecular variants were found in each of the three tumors (FGFR4, PDK1, AXIN2, FOXL2, and PIK3C3), one also with copy number variants in MCL1 and STMN1. All four patients underwent surgical resection of the tumor and had no metastasis or recurrence from 7 to 60 months post-resection. Given the assertion that these tumors do not recur or metastasize in addition to their heterogeneous gene mutation spectrum, we propose that TLLGNPPA is a neoplasm with low malignant potential and should no longer to be referred to as an adenocarcinoma.
•TLLGNPPA is a neoplasm with low malignant potential.•TLLGNPPA is diagnosed by pathology, clinical history, and imaging.•TLLGNPPA has a good prognosis, and surgical resection is main method of treatment.•TLLGNPPA should no longer to be referred to as an adenocarcinoma.
PDF
