With the rise of two-dimensional (2D) materials, layered metal thiophosphates (MPS3), as an important branch, have attracted much attention because of their excellent physical and chemical ...properties. Cadmium phosphorus trisulfide (CdPS3), as a promising photocatalyst, can be used for hydrogen evolution and organic degradation. Herein, high-quality 2D CdPS3 few layers are obtained by exfoliating bulk CdPS3 crystal. The optical properties of the as-obtained CdPS3 few layers show good light-harvesting ability, endowing it with excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance (10.88 mmol g−1 h−1) and high organic degradation performance (more than 92% within 30 min) under Xe lamp irradiation. This research provides opportunities for the preparation and application of other 2D MPS3 type materials in the field of photocatalysis.
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•CdPS3 few layers can be exfoliated from bulk crystals by a facile method.•CdPS3 few layers have highly efficient photocatalytic performance.•CdPS3 few layers have excellent Rh B degradation performance.
During the past decade, an increasing number of prospective studies have focused on the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the evidence on the relation between ...serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D and the risk of overt CVD is inconclusive.
We performed a dose-response meta-analysis to summarize and prospectively quantify the RR of low serum 25(OH)D concentration and total CVD (events and mortality).
We identified relevant studies by searching PubMed and EMBASE up to December 2015 and by hand-searching reference lists. Prospective studies based on the general population and reported RRs and 95% CIs were included. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled RRs. Nonlinear association was assessed by using restricted cubic spline analyses.
A total of 34 publications with 180,667 participants were eligible for the meta-analysis. We included 32 publications (27 independent studies) for total CVD events and 17 publications (17 independent studies) for CVD mortality. We observed an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and total CVD events and CVD mortality, and the pooled RRs per 10-ng/mL increment were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.94) for total CVD events and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.96) for CVD mortality. A nonlinear association was detected for total CVD events (
-nonlinear < 0.001) and CVD mortality (
-nonlinear = 0.022).
Serum 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with total CVD events and CVD mortality from the observed studies.
In this study, we investigated the causal effects of six minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, and selenium) on life expectancy with large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) ...summary data using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. 3 The genetic variations related to blood copper, zinc, and selenium concentrations were derived from Australian (the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, QIMR) and UK (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, ALSPAC) data. ...findings of this MR study showed that genetically higher serum calcium, serum iron, and blood zinc concentrations may be associated with a reduced life expectancy.
Background: During the past decade, an increasing number of prospective studies have focused on the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the evidence on the ...relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D and the risk of overt CVD is inconclusive.
Objective: We performed a dose-response meta-analysis to summarize and prospectively quantify the RR of low serum 25(OH)D concentration and total CVD (events and mortality).
Design: We identified relevant studies by searching PubMed and EMBASE up to December 2015 and by hand-searching reference lists. Prospective studies based on the general population and reported RRs and 95% CIs were included. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled RRs. Nonlinear association was assessed by using restricted cubic spline analyses.
Results: A total of 34 publications with 180,667 participants were eligible for the meta-analysis. We included 32 publications (27 independent studies) for total CVD events and 17 publications (17 independent studies) for CVD mortality. We observed an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and total CVD events and CVD mortality, and the pooled RRs per 10-ng/mL increment were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.94) for total CVD events and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.96) for CVD mortality. A nonlinear association was detected for total CVD events (P-nonlinear < 0.001) and CVD mortality (P-nonlinear = 0.022).
Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with total CVD events and CVD mortality from the observed studies.
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is involved in maintenance of physiological concentrations of glutathione in cells, and protects them from oxidative stress-induced damage. However, its role in ...post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of serum GGT on PSCI.
We conducted a prospective, multicenter cohort study. A total of 1, 957 participants with a minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack whose baseline GGT levels were measured were enrolled from the Impairment of Cognition and Sleep (ICONS) study of the China National Stroke Registry-3 (CNSR-3). They were categorized into four groups according to quartiles of baseline GGT levels. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) approach. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the relationship between GGT and PSCI at 3 months follow-up.
Among the 1957 participants, 671 (34.29%) patients suffered PSCI at 3 months follow-up. The highest GGT level quartile group exhibited a lower risk of PSCI in the fully adjusted model OR (95% CI): 0.69 (0.50-0.96), relative to the lowest group. Moreover, incorporation of GGT to the conventional model resulted in slight improvements in PSCI outcomes after 3 months (NRI: 12.00%; IDI: 0.30%).
Serum GGT levels are inversely associated with the risk of PSCI, with extremely low levels being viable risk factors for PSCI.
Previous observational studies have reported an association between impaired glucose metabolism and Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to examine the causal association of glycemic traits with ...Alzheimer's disease. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to evaluate the causal effect of six glycemic traits (type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c, homeostasis model assessment- insulin resistance and HOMA-β-cell function) on Alzheimer's disease. Summary data on the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with these glycemic traits were obtained from genome-wide association studies of the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis and Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium. Summary data on the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with Alzheimer's disease were obtained from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project. The Mendelian randomization analysis showed that 1-standard deviation higher fasting glucose and lower HOMA-β-cell function (indicating pancreatic β-cell dysfunction) were causally associated with a substantial increase in risk of Alzheimer's disease (odds ratio=1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.68, p=0.02; odds ratio=1.92, 95% confidence interval: 1.15-3.21, p=0.01). However, no significant association was observed for other glycemic traits. This Mendelian randomization analysis provides evidence of causal associations between glycemic traits, especially high fasting glucose and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and high risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Background D-dimer is involved in poor outcomes of stroke as a coagulation biomarker. We aimed to investigate the associations of the level and increase in D-dimer between baseline and 90 days with ...all-cause death or poor functional outcome in patients after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Methods and Results We collected data from the CNSRIII (Third China National Stroke Registry) study. The present substudy included 10 518 patients within 7 days (baseline) of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and 6268 patients at 90 days. Poor functional outcome at 1 year was assessed on the basis of the modified Rankin Scale (≥3). Multivariable Cox regression or logistic regression was used to assess the association of D-dimer levels with all-cause death or poor functional outcome. D-dimer levels at 90 days were lower than those at baseline (1.4 µg/mL versus 1.7 µg/mL;
<0.001). Higher baseline D-dimer level was associated with all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.25-2.52;
=0.001) and poor functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.23-1.80;
<0.001) during 1-year follow-up. Higher D-dimer level at 90 days was also associated with poor outcomes independently. Furthermore, an increase in D-dimer levels between baseline and 90 days was associated with all-cause death (since 90 days to 1 year after index event) (adjusted HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.12-3.53;
=0.019) but not with poor functional outcome (adjusted OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.82-1.41). Conclusions Our study shows that high level and an increase in D-dimer between baseline and 90 days are associated with poor outcomes in patients after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.
As a promising architecture reinforcement, the three-dimensional (3D) configuration of nanocarbon holds great prospects in achieving a strength-ductility combination for metal matrix composite ...(MMCs). However, due to the native deficiency of Al in catalyzing the growth of nanocarbon, constructing a nanocarbon network has been the long-term challenge for Al matrix composites (AMCs). Herein, we develop a new strategy for synthesizing AMCs reinforced by three-dimensional nanocarbon (3D-C) via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) integrated with hot pressing (HP) as well as hot extrusion, demonstrating exceptional mechanical properties. The detailed characterization reveals that the in-situ generation of nanocarbon layers on the surface of Al powders is attributed to the initiation of isolated carbon islands, followed by merging and self-assembly, which is governed by the PECVD-assisted catalysis growth-regime. The subsequent welding of nanocarbon layers during the HP promotes the formation of interlocking 3D-C networks in Al matrix, enhancing the sintered densification of the composite. Such unique nanocarbon distribution configuration not only effectively constrains the coarsening and deformation of Al grains, but also notably accumulates dislocation under high stress conditions. Moreover, 3D-C with a strong interfacial bonding contributes to the toughness through the microcracks, bridging cracks as well deflecting cracks, which accounts for the high toughness of the composite. This work provides new insights into the 3D distribution configuration of reinforcements in AMCs to achieve the optimized mechanical performance of composites.
•Three-dimensional nanocarbon network in Al matrix was successfully synthesized.•3D-C network constrains grain deformation and facilitates dislocation accumulation.•High-coherent ‘C-Al2O3-Al’ interface contributes to strength-ductility combination.
•By manipulating the cold-welding of composite powders during the segmented ball milling, two-level heterogeneity in microstructures including MgO-rich FG regions and heterogeneous lamellar structure ...composed of band-like CG regions embedded within FG regions were successfully developed, which exacerbates the mechanical property mismatch among distinct domains and consequently contributes to high HDI strengthening.•The absence of movable dislocations in the FG region necessitates higher stress for yielding, which is responsible for the “yield drop” of the bulk composite. During the subsequent deformation process, the significant interaction between MgO and dislocations within the FG regions maintains sustainable strain hardening.•The initial deformation of the CGs results in the accumulation of high strain, leading to the formation of dislocation walls that facilitates the aggregation and recovery of dislocations. This process promotes the transformation of CGs into primary equiaxed grains or substructures in the subsequent strain deformation, thereby significantly contributing to the work hardening.
Constructing heterostructures is essential for tailoring the mechanical properties of Al matrix composites (AMCs). In this work, multi-level heterostructures were achieved in AMCs by manipulating the cold welding of initial composite powders and in-situ solid-state reaction. The resulting microstructure features band-like coarse grain (CG) regions embedded within fine grain (FG) regions, demonstrating a heterogeneous lamella (HL) grain structure. Moreover, the in-situ solid-state reaction between Al, Mg and CuO gives rise to the generation of intragranular nano-sized MgO particles, which are primarily distributed in FGs. This unique microstructure activates hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening by exacerbating the mechanical property mismatch between distinct domains. Notably, the FG regions necessitate high stress for activating dislocations, causing a “yield drop” in the bulk composite. It was also elucidated that CGs experience higher stress in the early stages of deformation compared to FG domains, leading to the formation of dislocation walls. The aggregation and recovery of these dislocations facilitate the transformation of CGs into primary equiaxed grains or substructures during subsequent plastic deformation, thereby contributing to the exceptional strain hardening of the composite. Furthermore, the intragranular distribution of MgO reinforcement promotes significant dislocation proliferation and achieves stress redistribution, which rationalizes the considerable ductility of the composite. This work offers insights into the achievement of multi-level heterogeneous composites with superior mechanical properties by synergistically regulating grain structure and reinforcement distribution configuration.
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Background and purpose
The aim was to explore the association of residual inflammatory risk (RIR) with stroke recurrence after an index acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
Methods
...This study was based on the Third China National Stroke Registry. A total of 5840 patients with two high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) measurements at baseline and at 3 months were included in the analysis. High RIR was defined as an hsCRP ≥3 mg/l. Patients were divided into four groups: persistent high RIR (first high then high hsCRP), attenuated RIR (first high then low hsCRP), increased RIR (first low then high hsCRP) and persistent low RIR (first low then low hsCRP). The primary outcome was new stroke onset during the 1‐year follow‐up. Secondary outcomes included composite vascular events, all‐cause mortality and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 3–6).
Results
During the 1‐year follow‐up, 523 (9.0%) patients had stroke recurrence. Patients with persistent high RIR had an increased risk of stroke recurrence (hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval 1.39, 1.08–1.78), compared with those with persistent low RIR. Similar results were found for the outcome of composite vascular events, mortality and poor functional outcome. An increased risk of stroke recurrence was further found in patients with persistent high RIR and intracranial artery stenosis or large‐artery atherosclerosis stroke subtype.
Conclusions
In patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack, persistent high RIR increased the risks of 1‐year stroke recurrence, especially in those with intracranial artery stenosis or large‐artery atherosclerosis subtype, composite vascular events, mortality and poor functional outcome.
This study aimed to explore the association of residual inflammatory risk (RIR) with stroke recurrence after an index acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). High RIR was defined as a high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) ≥3 mg/l. It was found that in patients with AIS or TIA, persistent high RIR (high values of hsCRP at baseline and 3 months) increased the risks of 1‐year stroke recurrence, especially in those with intracranial artery stenosis or large‐artery atherosclerosis stroke subtype, composite vascular events, mortality and poor functional outcome.
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