Eight previously undescribed indole-diterpenoids named penerpenes O–V (1–8), together with seven known analogues (9–14), were isolated from the marine soft coral-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. ...ZF-104. Their structures including the absolute configurations of these compounds were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data and ECD analysis along with quantum ECD and NMR calculations. Compounds 4 and 5 bear rare indolin-2-one units in their structures and 6 bears a reconstructed novel skeleton in which the indole ring and the terpenoid substructure are cleaved before they are reconnected through the nitrogen atom. Compounds 1, 2, 7, and 10 showed protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activities comparable to that of the positive control NaVO3.
Eight previously undescribed indole-diterpenoids were isolated from the marine soft coral-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. ZF-104. Compounds 1, 2, 7, and 10 showed protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activities comparable to that of the positive control NaVO3. Display omitted
•Eight previously undescribed indole-diterpenoids named penerpenes were isolated from Aspergillus sp. ZF-104.•Two compounds bear rare indolin-2-ones in their structures and 6 bears a reconstructed novel skeleton.•Four compounds showed protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activities.
Two new compounds named epipaxilline (1) and penerpene J (2) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. KFD28. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined on ...the basis of spectroscopic methods and ECD analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 showed inhibitory activities against PTP1B with IC
50
values of 31.5 and 9.5 μM, respectively, and compound 2 also showed inhibitory activities against TCPTP with IC
50
value of 14.7 μM.
Since car-sharing demand plays an essential role on the management and service of car-sharing system, this paper attempts to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of the car-sharing ...demand, aiming to discover spatial and temporal patterns and association rules. Based on a clustering algorithm (i.e., DBSCAN), the spatiotemporal characteristics of car-sharing demand are studied. On the basis, the demand is divided into various clusters in space. Furthermore, the correlations between any two clusters are studied. The results show that car-sharing demand is high on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and has strong correlation with time and space. It is expected the results can support the management of car-sharing system, and further promote the service level for passengers.
The blockchain technology achieves security by sacrificing prohibitive storage and computation resources. However, in mobile systems, the mobile devices usually offer weak computation and storage ...resources. It prohibits the wide application of the blockchain technology. Edge computing appears with strong resources and inherent decentralization, which can provide a natural solution to overcoming the resource-insufficiency problem. However, applying edge computing directly can only relieve some storage and computation pressure. There are some other open problems, such as improving confirmation latency, throughput, and regulation. To this end, we propose an edge-computing-based lightweight blockchain framework (ECLB) for mobile systems. This paper introduces a novel set of ledger structures and designs a transaction consensus protocol to achieve superior performance. Moreover, considering the permissioned blockchain setting, we specifically utilize some cryptographic methods to design a pluggable transaction regulation module. Finally, our security analysis and performance evaluation show that ECLB can retain the security of Bitcoin-like blockchain and better performance of ledger storage cost in mobile devices, block mining computation cost, throughput, transaction confirmation latency, and transaction regulation cost.
By feeding tryptophan to the marine-derived fungus
Aspergillus
sp. HNMF114 from the bivalve mollusk
Sanguinolaria chinensis
, 3 new quinazoline-containing indole alkaloids, named aspertoryadins H–J (
...1
–
3
), along with 16 known ones (
4
–
19
), were obtained. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by the analysis of spectroscopic data combined with quantum chemical calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts and electron capture detector (ECD) spectra. Structurally, compound
3
represents the first example of this type of compound, bearing an amide group at C-3. Compounds
10
and
16
showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC
50
values of 7.18 and 5.29 μM, and compounds
13
and
14
showed a clear activation effect on the ryanodine receptor from
Spodoptera frugiperda
(sfRyR), which reduced the Ca
2+
ER
by 37.1 and 36.2%, respectively.
It is foreseeable that connected vehicles (CVs) and regular vehicles (RVs) will be operated together on roads in the upcoming decades. The appearance of CVs provides us an opportunity to improve ...traffic efficiency by guiding drivers to properly steer their CVs. To take advantage of this opportunity, this paper proposes two cooperative driving strategies for CVs that move in heterogeneous RV and CV traffic, namely, CDS-L and CDS-G. CDS-L is a local strategy that considers only the traffic surrounding the subject CVs. CDS-G is a global strategy that considers the conditions of all CVs on a road. The basis of the strategies is to incorporate the spatial and temporal averages of the driving status of surrounding CVs. A parameter that is a function of the traffic density is introduced to balance traffic efficiency and fluctuations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategies well suppress traffic fluctuations and thus promote traffic efficiency. The proposed strategies are dedicated to traffic congestion mitigation by using low-level configuration CVs.
Eight new phenethoxy derivatives, trichoasperellins A–H (1–8), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum G10 isolated from the medicinal plant Areca catechu L. The structures of ...these compounds were elucidated from spectroscopic data, J-based configurational analysis, and Mosher’s methods. Compounds 1–4 and 6–8 bear one or two multioxidized C7 moieties with the same carbon skeleton. The carbon skeletons of compounds 6–8 are new, all containing three moieties connected via two acetal carbons similar to those of disaccharide glycosides. Compound 4 inhibited nitric oxide production with an IC50 value of 48.3 μM, comparable to that of the positive control indomethacin (IC50, 42.3 μM).
An actinomycete strain, 2603PH03
T
, was isolated from a mangrove rhizosphere soil sample collected in Wenchang, China. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 2603PH03
T
...indicated high similarity to
Verrucosispora gifthornensis
DSM 44337
T
(99.4%),
Verrucosispora andamanensis
(99.4%),
Verrucosispora fiedleri
MG-37
T
(99.4%) and
Verrucosispora maris
AB18-032
T
(99.4%). The cell wall was found to contain
meso
-diaminopimelic acid and glycine. The major menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H
4
), MK-9(H
6
) and MK-9(H
8
), with MK-9(H
2
), MK-10(H
2
), MK-9(H
10
) and MK-10(H
6
) as minor components. The characteristic whole cell sugars were found to be xylose and mannose. The phospholipid profile was found to contain phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified phospholipid. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 70.1 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests and low DNA-DNA relatedness readily distinguished the isolate from the closely related species. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 2603PH03
T
is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus
Verrucosispora
, for which the name
Verrucosispora rhizosphaerae
sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2603PH03
T
(=CCTCC AA 2016023
T
= DSM 45673
T
).
Display omitted
•Ten new compounds and eight known ones were isolated from Ganoderma australe.•Triterpenoids and meroterpenoids were the main compound type in Ganoderma australe.•Four compounds ...showed significant inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase.
Macrofungi Ganoderma is a valuable medicinal fungus resource for human health and longevity in China. In this study, ten undescribed compounds including seven lostane-type triterpenoids, ganodaustralic acids A ∼ G (1–7), one pair of meroterpenoid enantiomers, (−)-6′-O-ethyllingzhiol (8) and (+)-6′-O-ethyllingzhiol (9), and one polyhydroxylated sterol, 3-O-acetyl-fomentarol C (10), together with eight known compounds (11–18), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma australe. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis as well as NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 4, 8, 9, and 12 showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values in the range of 4.1–11.7 μM, which were superior to that of positive control acarbose (213 μM). Only compound 7 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 cells.
With the development of intelligent transport system, advanced information feedback strategies have been developed to reduce traffic congestion and enhance the capacity. However, previous strategies ...provide accurate information to travelers and our simulation results show that accurate information brings negative effects, especially in delay case. Because travelers prefer to the best condition route with accurate information, and delayed information cannot reflect current traffic condition but past. Then travelers make wrong routing decisions, causing the decrease of the capacity and the increase of oscillations and the system deviating from the equilibrium. To avoid the negative effect, bounded rationality is taken into account by introducing a boundedly rational threshold BR. When difference between two routes is less than the BR, routes have equal probability to be chosen. The bounded rationality is helpful to improve the efficiency in terms of capacity, oscillation and the gap deviating from the system equilibrium.
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