The emergence of new applications, such as in artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and biotechnology, has driven the evolution of stress sensing technology. For these emerging ...applications, stretchability, remoteness, stress distribution, a multimodal nature, and biocompatibility are important performance characteristics of stress sensors. Mechanoluminescence (ML)‐based stress sensing has attracted widespread attention because of its characteristics of remoteness and having a distributed response to mechanical stimuli as well as its great potential for stretchability, biocompatibility, and self‐powering. In the past few decades, great progress has been made in the discovery of ML materials, analysis of mechanisms, design of devices, and exploration of applications. One can find that with this progress, the focus of ML research has shifted from the phenomenon in the earliest stage to materials and recently toward devices. At the present stage, while showing great prospects for advanced stress sensing applications, ML‐based sensing still faces major challenges in material optimization, device design, and system integration.
Mechanoluminescence‐based stress sensing exhibits many advantages, including remoteness, spatial distribution, stretchability, biocompatibility, and self‐powering. With great potential in wearable device, biomechanics, and engineering structure diagnosis applications, it is reasonable to believe that mechanoluminescence‐based stress sensing may rebrighten the prospects of stress sensing.
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are strong candidates for next-generation display and lighting technologies due to their high color purity and low-cost solution-processed fabrication. ...However, PeLEDs are not superior to commercial organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in efficiency, as some key parameters affecting their efficiency, such as the charge carrier transport and light outcoupling efficiency, are usually overlooked and not well optimized. Here, ultrahigh-efficiency green PeLEDs are reported with quantum efficiencies surpassing a milestone of 30% by regulating the charge carrier transport and near-field light distribution to reduce electron leakage and achieve a high light outcoupling efficiency of 41.82%. Ni
Mg
O
films are applied with a high refractive index and increased hole carrier mobility as the hole injection layer to balance the charge carrier injection and insert the polyethylene glycol layer between the hole transport layer and the perovskite emissive layer to block the electron leakage and reduce the photon loss. Therefore, with the modified structure, the state-of-the-art green PeLEDs achieve a world record external quantum efficiency of 30.84% (average = 29.05 ± 0.77%) at a luminance of 6514 cd m
. This study provides an interesting idea to construct super high-efficiency PeLEDs by balancing the electron-hole recombination and enhancing the light outcoupling.
Mortality from hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is high due to limited treatment options. Preclinical and clinical investigations have proved that treatment with ...mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is beneficial for recovery from liver injury. We hypothesized that the outcome of HBV‐related ACLF would be improved by MSC treatment. From 2010 to 2013, 110 patients with HBV‐related ACLF were enrolled in this open‐label, nonblinded randomized controlled study. The control group (n = 54) was treated with standard medical therapy (SMT) only. The experimental group (n = 56) was infused weekly for 4 weeks with 1.0 to 10 × 105 cells/kg allogeneic bone marrow–derived MSCs and then followed for 24 weeks. The cumulated survival rate of the MSC group was 73.2% (95% confidence interval 61.6%‐84.8%) versus 55.6% (95% confidence interval 42.3%‐68.9%) for the SMT group (P = 0.03). There were no infusion‐related side effects, but fever was more frequent in MSC compared to SMT patients during weeks 5‐24 of follow‐up. No carcinoma occurred in any trial patient in either group. Compared with the control group, allogeneic bone marrow–derived MSC treatment markedly improved clinical laboratory measurements, including serum total bilirubin and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease scores. The incidence of severe infection in the MSC group was much lower than that in the SMT group (16.1% versus 33.3%, P = 0.04). Mortality from multiple organ failure and severe infection was higher in the SMT group than in the MSC group (37.0% versus 17.9%, P = 0.02). Conclusion: Peripheral infusion of allogeneic bone marrow–derived MSCs is safe and convenient for patients with HBV‐related ACLF and significantly increases the 24‐week survival rate by improving liver function and decreasing the incidence of severe infections. (Hepatology 2017;66:209–219).
A brighter near-infrared (NIR) phosphor is achieved by inhibiting the oxidation of Cr
and reducing the surface defects of phosphor particles, enabling the realization of smarter and more sensitive ...light sources for night vision.
Solid‐state lighting is advancing toward higher power, higher brightness, and smaller size to cope with the market competitiveness, and laser‐driven solid‐state lighting technology is springing up ...owing to its super‐high brightness and compactness. These developments put forward new requirements for color conversion materials (i.e., phosphors). Here, the state‐of‐art achievements in laser phosphors are summarized, and the topics of luminescence saturation, light extraction efficiency, and light uniformity encountered in laser lighting technology are discussed. Several typical types of color converters, such as single crystal, phosphor ceramics, phosphor‐in‐glass, phosphor films, and quantum‐well light‐emitting diodes, are comparatively overviewed and discussed. The cutting‐edge applications of high‐brightness white laser light in lighting, displays, healthcare, and communications are summarized. The challenges and outlook in laser‐driven solid‐state lighting and some empirical rules for designing novel laser phosphors are highlighted.
Laser lighting is springing up owing to the super brightness it offers to meet the demands of next‐generation lighting technology. The new requirements of color conversion materials accompany this trend, which suffer from intense laser irradiation. An overview of the state‐of‐art progress on the existing laser phosphors is urgently required to provide guidelines for the design of novel ones.
Mechanoluminescence (ML) is one of the most important routes to realize remote sensing of stress distribution, but has never been used in temperature sensing. Traditionally, stress sensing and ...temperature sensing are separately realized through different methods in multifunctional sensors, which definitely makes the structure more complicated. In this work, the remote stress–temperature dual‐modal sensing is proposed by using the double‐lanthanide‐activated ML material SrZnSO:Tb,Eu, where the stress is read by the integral intensity of ML and the temperature is displayed by the green to red emission ratio (ITb/IEu) of ML in one material. The dual sensing mode in SrZnSO:Tb,Eu enables building of a new imaging system, providing a facile, reliable, and more sensitive way to remotely visualize the distribution of stress and temperature. It opens up a novel approach to develop advanced artificial skins with simplified structures in human–machine interfaces, structural health monitoring, and biomedical engineering applications.
Remote stress and temperature dual‐modal imaging is achieved by using double‐lanthanide‐activated mechanoluminescent (ML) materials. The magnitude of stress is given by the integral intensity of ML, and simultaneously the temperature is determined by the ratio of ML intensity. This multifunctional material has potential in intelligent artificial skin, structural health monitoring, and biomedical engineering applications.
The fast‐growing amount of data that is produced every year creates an urgent need for ultracapacity storage media. However, 2D spatial resolution in the conventional optical data storage media has ...almost reached the limit. Further enlargement of storage capacity may rely on the development of the next‐generation data storage materials containing multiplexed information dimensions. Herein, a series of novel deep‐trap persistent luminescence materials (Sr1‐xBax)Si2O2N2:Eu/Yb,Dy with multicolor emissions in the whole visible region is developed and demonstrated a bit‐by‐bit optical data storage and readout strategy based on photon trapping and detrapping processes in these materials. Optical data can be handily encoded on a flexible film by a commercially available 405 nm laser and decoded by heating or by 980 nm laser scanning. The decoded information contains tunable spectral characteristics, which allows for the emission–intensity–multiplexing or emission–wavelength–multiplexing. The storage and readout strategy not only shows a great promise in the application of multidimensional rewritable optical data storage, but also opens new opportunities for advanced display technology and information security system.
A bit‐by‐bit optical data storage and readout strategy based on photon trapping and detrapping processes in deep‐trap persistent luminescence materials is demonstrated in this study. The readout information contains tunable spectral characteristics, allowing for the emission–intensity–multiplexing or emission–wavelength–multiplexing, which may greatly enlarge the storage capacity in multidimensional data storage systems.
Advances in solid state white lighting technologies witness the explosive development of phosphor materials (down-conversion luminescent materials). A large amount of evidence has demonstrated the ...revolutionary role of the emerging nitride phosphors in producing superior white light-emitting diodes for lighting and display applications. The structural and compositional versatility together with the unique local coordination environments enable nitride materials to have compelling luminescent properties such as abundant emission colors, controllable photoluminescence spectra, high conversion efficiency, and small thermal quenching/degradation. Here, we summarize the state-of-art progress on this novel family of luminescent materials and discuss the topics of materials discovery, crystal chemistry, structure-related luminescence, temperature-dependent luminescence, and spectral tailoring. We also overview different types of nitride phosphors and their applications in solid state lighting, including general illumination, backlighting, and laser-driven lighting. Finally, the challenges and outlooks in this type of promising down-conversion materials are highlighted.
The use of gold nanoparticles as radiosensitizers is an effective way to boost the killing efficacy of radiotherapy while drastically limiting the received dose and reducing the possible damage to ...normal tissues. Herein, we designed aggregation‐induced emission gold clustoluminogens (AIE‐Au) to achieve efficient low‐dose X‐ray‐induced photodynamic therapy (X‐PDT) with negligible side effects. The aggregates of glutathione‐protected gold clusters (GCs) assembled through a cationic polymer enhanced the X‐ray‐excited luminescence by 5.2‐fold. Under low‐dose X‐ray irradiation, AIE‐Au strongly absorbed X‐rays and efficiently generated hydroxyl radicals, which enhanced the radiotherapy effect. Additionally, X‐ray‐induced luminescence excited the conjugated photosensitizers, resulting in a PDT effect. The in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that AIE‐Au effectively triggered the generation of reactive oxygen species with an order‐of‐magnitude reduction in the X‐ray dose, enabling highly effective cancer treatment.
Cancer‐killing clusters: Aggregation‐induced emission gold clustoluminogens (AIE‐Au) for X‐ray‐induced photodynamic therapy (X‐PDT) were designed. Under low‐dose X‐ray irradiation, AIE‐Au strongly absorbed X‐rays and efficiently generated hydroxyl radicals, which enhanced the radiotherapy effect. Additionally, AIE‐AuX‐ray‐induced luminescence excited the conjugated photosensitizers, resulting in a PDT effect.
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