Using a combination of bioinformation analysis and Dot blot technique, a gene, designated hereafter as the duck enteritis virus (DEV) UL31 gene (GenBank accession number EF643559), was identified ...from the DEV CHv genomic library. Then, the UL31 gene was cloned and sequenced, which was composed of 933 nucleotides encoding 310 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignment suggested that the UL31 gene was highly conserved in
Alphaherpesvirinae
and similar to the other herpesviral UL31. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the gene had a close evolutionary relationship with the avian herperviruses, and DEV should be placed into a single cluster within the subfamily
Alphaherpesvirinae
. Antigen prediction indicated that several potential B-cell epitopes sites located in the UL31 protein. To further study, the UL31 gene was cloned into a pET prokaryotic expression vector and transformed into
Escherichia coli
BL21 (DE3). A 55 kDa fusion protein was induced by the further culture at 37°C after addition of 0.8 mM IPTG. Polyclonal antibody raised against the recombinant UL31 from rabbit was prepared. A protein about 55 kDa that reacted with the antibody was detected in immunoblots of bacterial proteins, suggesting that the 55 kDa protein was the product of the UL31 gene. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the protein was localized in very fine punctate forms in the nuclei of infected cells
.
Our results may provide some insight for further research about the gene and also enrich the database of herpesvirus.
Physical Review Letters 132, 066501 (2024) The stacking degree of freedom is a crucial factor in tuning material
properties and has been extensively investigated in layered materials. The
kagome ...superconductor CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ was recently discovered to exhibit a
three-dimensional CDW phase below TCDW ~94 K. Despite the thorough
investigation of in-plane modulation, the out-of-plane modulation has remained
ambiguous. Here, our polarization- and temperature-dependent Raman measurements
reveal the breaking of C$_6$ rotational symmetry and the presence of three
distinct domains oriented at approximately 120{\deg}to each other. The
observations demonstrate that the CDW phase can be naturally explained as a 2c
staggered order phase with adjacent layers exhibiting a relative ${\pi}$ phase
shift. Further, we discover a first-order structural phase transition at
approximately 65 K and suggest that it is a stacking order-disorder phase
transition due to stacking fault, supported by the thermal hysteresis behavior
of a Cs-related phonon mode. Our findings highlight the significance of the
stacking degree of freedom in CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ and offer structural insights to
comprehend the entanglement between superconductivity and CDW.
Crowdsourced testing is an emerging trend in software testing, which relies on crowd workers to accomplish test tasks. Due to the cost constraint, a test task usually involves a limited number of ...crowd workers. Furthermore, more workers does not necessarily result in detecting more bugs. Different workers, who may have different testing experience and expertise, may make much differences in the test outcomes. For example, some inappropriate workers may miss true bug, introduce false bugs or report duplicated bugs, which decreases the test quality. In current practice, a test task is usually dispatched in a random manner, and the quality of testing cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, it is important to select an appropriate subset of workers to perform a test task to ensure high bug detection rate. This paper introduces ExReDiv, a novel hybrid approach to select a set of workers for a test task. It consists of three key strategies: the experience strategy selects experienced workers, the relevance strategy selects workers with expertise relevant to the given test task, the diversity strategy selects diverse workers to avoid detecting duplicated bugs. We evaluate ExReDiv based on 42 test tasks from one of the largest crowdsourced testing platforms in China, and the experimental results show its effectiveness.
To determine the distribution of duck plague virus (DPV) gE protein in paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of experimentally DPV-infected ducks, an indirect immunoperoxidase assay was ...established to detect glycoprotein E (gE) protein for the first time. The rabbit anti-His-gE serum, raised against the recombinant His-gE fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), was prepared and purified. Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that the anti-His-gE serum had a high level of reactivity and specificity and could be used as the first antibody for further experiments to study the distribution of DPV gE protein in DPV-infected tissues. A number of DPV gE proteins were distributed in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen, liver, esophagus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and kidney of DPV-infected ducks and a few DPV gE were distributed in the Harders glands, myocardium, cerebrum, and lung, whereas the gE was not seen in the skin, muscle, and pancreas. Moreover, DPV gE was expressed abundantly in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes, reticulum cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, and hepatocytes. The present study may be useful not only for describing the characteristics of gE expression and distribution in infected ducks but also for understanding the pathogenesis of DPV.
Unrestricted spin density functional theory in the flavor of B3LYP is used to explore the reaction pathways for CH
3O–H dissociation over an adatom–rest atom pair site on Si(1
1
1)-7
×
7. We find ...that an adatom–rest atom pair site should be best regarded as a di-radical pair and that adsorbate lone-pair electrons stimulate efficiently the charge transfer from Si adatoms to Si rest atoms and vice versa. Our calculations show that rest atoms are more active than adatoms towards the dissociation of a lone-pair electron donor adsorbate.
Mobile app testing is challenging since each test needs to be executed in a variety of operating contexts including heterogeneous devices, various wireless networks, and different locations. ...Crowdsourcing enables a mobile app testing to be distributed as a crowdsourced task to leverage the crowd in a community. However, a high test quality and expected test context coverage are difficult to achieve in crowdsourcing test. Upon distributing a test task, mobile app providers can neither know who will participate and submit a high-qualified test report nor predict whether all expected test contexts can be covered during the test. To address this problem, we put forward a novel research problem called Coverage-constrained Quality Maximization (CQM) for crowdsourcing test. Given a mobile app test task, our objective is to discover and recommend a set of potential workers from available crowd workers such that they can accomplish the task achieving expected test context coverage and the possible highest test quality. We prove that the CQM problem is NP-Complete and then introduce two efficient greedy algorithms. Based on a real dataset of the largest Chinese crowdsourcing test platform, our evaluation shows that the proposed algorithms are effective and efficient, and can be potentially used as online services in practice.
The stacking degree of freedom is a crucial factor in tuning material properties and has been extensively investigated in layered materials. The kagome superconductor CsV\(_3\)Sb\(_5\) was recently ...discovered to exhibit a three-dimensional CDW phase below TCDW ~94 K. Despite the thorough investigation of in-plane modulation, the out-of-plane modulation has remained ambiguous. Here, our polarization- and temperature-dependent Raman measurements reveal the breaking of C\(_6\) rotational symmetry and the presence of three distinct domains oriented at approximately 120{\deg}to each other. The observations demonstrate that the CDW phase can be naturally explained as a 2c staggered order phase with adjacent layers exhibiting a relative \({\pi}\) phase shift. Further, we discover a first-order structural phase transition at approximately 65 K and suggest that it is a stacking order-disorder phase transition due to stacking fault, supported by the thermal hysteresis behavior of a Cs-related phonon mode. Our findings highlight the significance of the stacking degree of freedom in CsV\(_3\)Sb\(_5\) and offer structural insights to comprehend the entanglement between superconductivity and CDW.
The Duck Plague Virus (DPV) gE gene was identified by constructing the DPV genomic library, and we analyzed the codon usage of DPV gE gene by using CAI, CHIPS and CUSP program of EMBOSS. The results ...showed that codon usage bias in the DPV gE gene was strong bias towards the synonymous codons with A and T at the third codon position. The amino acids codon usage bias in the DPV gE gene was compared with other 15 reference herpes viruses, the cluster analysis demonstrated that the codon usage bias of DPV gE gene has a very close relation with its gene function and gene type. In addition, rare condons analysis showed that there are 62 rare condons (33.3%) in the ORF of the DPV gE on line (http//:www.kazusa.or.jp/codon), and the codon usage bias of DPV gE gene was compared with those of E. coli, yeast and Humans. There are 24 codons showing distinct usage differences between DPV and E. coli, 19 between DPV and Homo sapiens, 15 codons between DPV and yeast.
Software processes are highly people-dependent and knowledge transfer-centric compared to traditional manufacturing processes. Different people are responsible for different types of knowledge ...transformation according to the skill set and expertise they master. This adds a great deal of complicated factors in resolving the scheduling problem in software development and maintenance process planning. The existing human resource scheduling methods do not take into account the differences between human resource capabilities and capacities in processes execution. This paper presents a constraint-driven human resource scheduling method in software development and maintenance process. A constraint model is set up based on the software process model and human resource model. A constraint-driven scheduling method is provided to realize the optimal human resource scheduling in software development and maintenance process. The method can be used in the mature organizations whose human resources have the determinate capabilities. It provides the excellent decision support to the project manager.
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