Background
The metastatic vascular patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are mainly microvascular invasion (MVI) and vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC). However, most existing ...VETC‐related radiological studies still focus on the prediction of VETC status.
Purpose
This study aimed to build and compare VETC‐MVI related models (clinical, radiomics, and deep learning) associated with recurrence‐free survival of HCC patients.
Study Type
Retrospective.
Population
398 HCC patients (349 male, 49 female; median age 51.7 years, and age range: 22–80 years) who underwent resection from five hospitals in China. The patients were randomly divided into training cohort (n = 358) and test cohort (n = 40).
Field Strength/Sequence
3‐T, pre‐contrast T1‐weighted imaging spoiled gradient recalled echo (T1WI SPGR), T2‐weighted imaging fast spin echo (T2WI FSE), and contrast enhanced arterial phase (AP), delay phase (DP).
Assessment
Two radiologists performed the segmentation of HCC on T1WI, T2WI, AP, and DP images, from which radiomic features were extracted. The RFS related clinical characteristics (VETC, MVI, Barcelona stage, tumor maximum diameter, and alpha fetoprotein) and radiomic features were used to build the clinical model, clinical‐radiomic (CR) nomogram, deep learning model. The follow‐up process was done 1 month after resection, and every 3 months subsequently. The RFS was defined as the date of resection to the date of recurrence confirmed by radiology or the last follow‐up. Patients were followed up until December 31, 2022.
Statistical Tests
Univariate COX regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), Kaplan–Meier curves, log‐rank test, C‐index, and area under the curve (AUC). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The C‐index of deep learning model achieved 0.830 in test cohort compared with CR nomogram (0.731), radiomic signature (0.707), and clinical model (0.702). The average RFS of the overall patients was 26.77 months (range 1–80 months).
Data Conclusion
MR deep learning model based on VETC and MVI provides a potential tool for survival assessment.
Evidence Level
3
Technical Efficacy
Stage 3
Since accurate grading of gliomas has important clinical value, the aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of perfusion values derived from arterial spin labeling (ASL) to grade ...gliomas. In addition, the correlation between perfusion and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) genotypes and chromosome arms 1p and 19q (1p/19q) status of gliomas was assessed. A total of 52 cases of supratentorial gliomas in adults who received ASL imaging were enrolled in this retrospective study. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) images derived from ASL and anatomical maps were normalized to the Montreal Neurological Institute coordinate system and matched. The mean CBF (meanCBF), the maximum CBF (maxCBF), and their relative values (rmeanCBF and rmaxCBF, respectively) were assessed in each case. The tumor grades, IDH1 genotypes, and 1p/19q status were diagnosed according to the 2016 WHO criteria. Receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to assess the efficacy of perfusion parameters for grading. Qualitatively, all gliomas were divided into high- and low-perfusion groups. The crosstabs chi-square test of independence was performed to calculate contingency coefficient (C) and Cramer V coefficient to assess the correlation between perfusion and IDH1 genotypes and 1p/19q status of gliomas. The rmaxCBF showed the best diagnostic efficacy; meanwhile, rmeanCBF had the best specificity for grade discrimination. In astrocytoma, there was a mild correlation between IDH1 genotypes and tumor perfusion with the Cramer's V coefficient of 0.378. There was no significant association between 1p/19q codeletion and perfusion in grade II and III gliomas.
The diethoxymethylsilane precursor as a network matrix and alpha-terpinene precursor as a sacrificial porogen were applied to co-deposit SiOCH film using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. ...Subsequently, the UV radiation was performed to remove the porogens from the co-deposited SiOCH film for creating pores to form porous ultra low k (p-ULK). The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the properties of the p-ULK film treated using the different UV radiation wavelengths including single wavelength emitted from H+ type bulb, dual wavelengths emitted from D type bulb, and dual wavelengths combined with single wavelength. Result indicated that the properties of the p-ULK film treated using the dual wavelength first and then single wavelength were the best among the above three kinds of the UV radiation methods. Nanoindentation and strain gauge test indicated that the hardness and modulus of the p-ULK film were improved about 43% and 38%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examination indicated that the scission of Si–CH3 bond was also the lowest. Transmission electron microscopy observation indicated that the undercut size in the interface between hardmask and p-ULK film was also the smallest. Therefore, the UV radiation using the D type bulb first and then H+ type bulb was a potential solution to improve the properties of the p-ULK film.
Detecting a small number of suspicious network events from large amount of network traffic data is a very challenging task. We extract time series features from the network log data and use models ...such as LightGBM and stacked CNN-LSTM deep neural networks to predict whether the investigated alerts are suspicious. We apply feature alignment, covariate shift adaptation to overcome the covariate shift between training data and test data. In the IEEE Big Data 2019 Cup: Suspicious Network Event Recognition Competition, our model scored the first place on the public board and the fourth place on the final board respectively.
With feature size of device scaled down 45nm technological node and beyond, the backend of the line (BEOL) faces too many problems such as resistance–capacitance (RC) delay, crosstalk noise, and ...power consumption. In order to improve RC delay, the SiCN dielectric constant had to further decrease through introducing C2H4 gas to increase its carbon content. The SiCNkI (k~5.3) and SiCNkII (k~3.8) were characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry–hydrogen forward scattering (RBS–HFS), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), Hg probe, four point bending (4-PB) test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results indicated that the hardness and modulus and density of the SiCNkII were lower than that of the SiCNkI. RBS–HFS and FTIR examination indicated that SiCNkII barrier film had high carbon content and terminating CH3 group to cause low cross-linking and density of dielectric films resulting in large volume. 4-PB test combined with transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination demonstrated that the crack occurred in the interface between SiCNkII film/SiCNkI bilayer barrier film and low k film. After adding SiCNkI barrier film, no crack was found using SiCNkI/SiCNkII film/SiCNkI tri-layer barrier film. In addition, the capacitance and RC reduction ratios were improved to about 7–8% using the SiCNkII/SiCNkI bilayer barrier film.
•SiCN with high dielectric constant is decreased from 5.3 to 3.8 by introducing C2H4.•Bilayer SiCN5.3/SiCN3.8 suffers adhesion and capacitance is improved.•Tri-layer SiCN5.3/SiCN3.8/SiCN5.3 is used to improve interfacial adhesion.
With feature size of device scaled down 45 nm technological node and beyond, the backend of the line (BEOL) faces too many problems such as resistance-capacitance (RC) delay, crosstalk noise, and ...power consumption. In order to improve RC delay, the SiCN dielectric constant had to further decrease through introducing C sub(2)H sub(4) gas to increase its carbon content. The SiCN sub(kI) (k ~ 5.3) and SiCN sub(kII) (k ~ 3.8) were characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry-hydrogen forward scattering (RBS-HFS), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), Hg probe, four point bending (4-PB) test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results indicated that the hardness and modulus and density of the SiCN sub(kII) were lower than that of the SiCN sub(kI). RBS-HFS and FTIR examination indicated that SiCN sub(kII) barrier film had high carbon content and terminating CH sub(3) group to cause low cross-linking and density of dielectric films resulting in large volume. 4-PB test combined with transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination demonstrated that the crack occurred in the interface between SiCN sub(kII) film/SiCN sub(kI) bilayer barrier film and low k film. After adding SiCNkI barrier film, no crack was found using SiCN sub(kI)/SiCN sub(kII) film/SiCN sub(kI) tri-layer barrier film. In addition, the capacitance and RC reduction ratios were improved to about 7-8% using the SiCN sub(kII)/SiCN sub(kI) bilayer barrier film.
Renal aspergillosis(RAsp)is a rare complication in liver transplant(LT)recipients.Here we report RAsp in two LT recipients.In both patients,RAsp occurred more than 90 d after allogenetic orthotropic ...LT,and all the clinical findings were unspecific.RAsp involved unilateral kidney in Case one and bilateral kidneys in Case two.Both computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed renal abscesses,with progressively enhanced walls and separationsand unenhanced alveolate areas after contrast agent administration.On unenhanced CT images they showed inhomogeneous hypo-attenuation.On fat-suppressed T2-weighted images(T2WIs),the walls and separations of the abscesses showed slightly low signal intensity and the central parts of the lesions showed slightly high signal intensity.Both on CT and MRI,there were some hints of renal infarction or chronic ischemia.Both cases were treated by radical nephrectomy followed by adjuvant antifungal treatment.They all recovered well.
We study the suppressions of high transverse momentum single hadron and dihadron productions in high-energy heavy-ion collisions based on the framework of a next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD ...parton model combined with the higher-twist energy loss formalism. Our model can provide a consistent description for the nuclear modification factors of single hadron and dihadron productions in central and non-central nucleus–nucleus collisions at RHIC and the LHC energies. We quantitatively extract the value of jet quenching parameter
q
^
via a global
χ
2
analysis, and obtain
q
^
/
T
3
=
4.1
–4.4 at
T
=
378
MeV at RHIC and
q
^
/
T
3
=
2.6
–3.3 at
T
=
486
MeV at the LHC, which are consistent with the results from JET Collaboration. We also provide the predictions for the nuclear modification factors of dihadron productions in Pb + Pb collisions at
s
NN
= 5.02 TeV and in Xe + Xe collisions at
s
NN
= 5.44 TeV.
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways are important for regulating apoptosis, and are frequently activated in cancers. In this study, we targeted STAT3 and mTOR in human hepatocellular ...carcinoma Bel-7402 cells and examined the subsequent alterations in cellular apoptosis. The expression of STAT3 was silenced with small interfering RNA (siRNA)-expressing plasmid. The activity of mTOR was inhibited using rapamycin. Following treatment, Annexin V/propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry and Hoechst33258 immunofluorescence staining was used to examine cellular apoptosis. JC-1 staining was used to monitor depolarization of mitochondrial membrane (ΔΨm). Furthermore, the expression of activated caspase 3 protein was analyzed by Western blotting. Compared to non-treated or control siRNA-transfected cells, significantly higher levels of apoptosis were detected in siSTAT3-transfected or rapamycin-treated cells (P < 0.05), which was further enhanced in cells targeted for both molecules (P < 0.05). The pro-apoptotic effects were accompanied with concomitant depolarization of mitochondrial membrane and up-regulation of activated caspase 3. Combined treatments using rapamycin and STAT3 gene silencing significantly increases apoptosis in Bel-7402 cells, displaying more dramatic effect than any single treatment. This study provides evidence for targeting multiple molecules in cancer therapy.
China has gained the reputation of “global factory” due to its phenomenal industrial growth over the past decades. At the same time, its industrial energy consumption has resulted in serious ...environmental problems. Accordingly, there is an urgent and critical need to reduce industrial carbon emissions at a minimum cost without hampering the country's economic development. The dual targets for carbon emission intensity and amount from the 12th Five-Year (2011–2015) Plan make it necessary to investigate the environmental efficiency and reduction costs of different sectors. This study employs a three-stage data envelopment analysis model based on a directional distance function approach with radial and non-radial slacks of desirable and undesirable outputs considered to measure the environmental efficiency and marginal CO2 emission abatement costs of China's 37 two-digit industries during 2005–2014. Based on the environmental efficiency and abatement cost of the industrial sectors, we reached the following conclusions. First, the adjusted estimates differ significantly from the results that do not consider the influence of environmental factors, and it is essential to consider the heterogeneity of industries in proposing emission reduction strategies. In addition, the stimuli for the smelting and pressing of metal industries result in cost reduction and the supervision on the top nine emitters and the Equipment Manufacturing Industries should be strengthened. Finally, the industrial sectors with large abatement potential are classified into short-term and long-term key target industries according to the emission abatement cost analyses.
•It employs a three-stage DEA to measure the efficiencies of 37 industry sectors.•The heterogeneity of industries should be considered in performance analysis.•Supervision on the top nine emitters and EMIs should be strengthened.•Short-term and long-term critical emission reduction sectors are proposed.
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