Dephytinized faba bean flour was incubated with crude extracts from pear, banana, or apple, respectively, followed by investigation of the impacts on the phenolic content and on in vitro iron ...bioavailability. Incubation with crude extracts resulted in significant reduction of phenolic compounds in faba bean flour. The largest reduction in phenolic compounds (51.0%) was obtained after incubation with apple extract, as well as the highest amount of in vitro iron bioavailability (68.6%), with banana extract being almost as effective (42.1% reduction). Incubation with pear or banana extract increased in 14.1% and 22.2% the in vitro iron bioavailability. Peroxidase activity and some organic acids in the fruit extracts might also have contributed to the positive effect on in vitro iron bioavailability. The results from this study suggest that the polyphenol oxidase activity in simple fruit extracts can be utilized to increase the in vitro iron bioavailability in dephytinized polyphenol-containing legume foods.
After reduction of phytate with phytase, water slurries of faba bean flour were incubated with polyphenol oxidase (mushroom tyrosinase), and the effects on different phenolic groups and on in vitro ...iron bioavailability were studied. Enzyme incubation was also performed after cooking, soaking and germination of the faba beans. Phytase incubation significantly decreased the phytate content, and incubation with polyphenol oxidase had a reducing effect on total phenol content, as well as on the amount of catechol and resorcinol groups. The in vitro iron bioavailability increased when the faba beans were incubated with phytase and polyphenol oxidase, and the highest in vitro iron bioavailability was obtained when the soaked samples were incubated. The results from this study suggest that oxidation of polyphenols in the faba bean, after reduction of phytate, may be used to increase the bioavailability of iron in foods prepared from this legume.
Three-dimensional surface wrinkling of soft cylindrical tissues induced by differential growth is explored. Differential volumetric growth can cause their morphological stability, leading to the ...formation of hexagonal and labyrinth wrinkles. During postbuckling, multiple bifurcations and morphological transitions may occur as a consequence of continuous growth in the surface layer. The physical mechanisms underpinning the morphological evolution are examined from the viewpoint of energy. Surface curvature is found to play a regulatory role in the pattern evolution. This study may not only help understand the morphogenesis of soft biological tissues, but also inspire novel routes for creating desired surface patterns of soft materials.
Based on the research of the virtual synchronous generator technology in AC/DC hybrid microgrid, this paper proposes a seamless switching technology between AC/DC hybrid microgrid and distribution ...network quickly. It solved the problem that there was no voltage support within 10 ms in the process of switching with grid-connect and islanded mode, between microgrid and the distribution network. Although 10 minutes was not long, but it can aggravate the microgrid sensitivity loads. Additionally, AC/DC hybrid microgrid grid-connected and islanded implementation principle by SVG is researched, experiment equipment development with such technology has been developed and test waveforms was proposed and analyzed. The technology in this paper proposed has been applied in energy storage converter with VSG, Experiment concluded that this method has good control effect; it provides a good technical foundation support for the rapid development of Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid.
This thesis discusses a VR-based system designed for the policing at the grass-root level at the road traffic accident scenes. Basing on theoretical studies and technical comparisons, a VR-assisted ...simulation system for investigating the road traffic accident scenes is created on the aspects of system architecture performance, databases, back-stage management modules. The VR-based system plays a favorable role in assisting the scene investigators and instructors. This system can improve the efficiency of scene investigators and increase the effects of related teaching and simulative training remarkably.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the thoracoscopic total extrapleural approach of the Nuss procedure for the correction of pectus excavatum in children.
Under ...thoracoscopic guidance, an extrapleural tunnel was created by using a blunt dissector via a right thoracic incision. A steel bar was inserted in the entirely extrapleural tunnel. The bar was turned and fixed as in the standard Nuss procedure.
The operations were completed successfully in all patients. The operating time ranged from 35 to 50 minutes (median, 45). The intraoperative blood loss was 2 to 3 mL. There was no pneumothorax or hydrothoraxin our series. All patients were followed up for 2-6 months, and the surgical outcomes were excellent.
The extrapleura Nuss procedure under thoracoscopic guidance is a safe and less traumatic procedure for the correction of pectus excavatum.
In order to cope with the problem that the automatic berthing control of the underactuated ship cannot track any path, this paper proposes an automatic berthing method for underactuated ...twin-propeller twin-rudder ships based on the nonlinear model predictive control. Through establishing the ship berthing maneuvering constrained optimization model, the time sequences of the control commands are obtained based on the rolling optimization feature of the model predictive control. Through numerical simulation of forward berthing and U-turn berthing, which are the two typical berthing methods, the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed control method are verified. The research results can provide references for the berthing control design of the underactuated ship.
Marman clamp system is usually used to fasten spacecraft and the launch vehicle, or different sections of spacecraft. In this paper, the axial stiffness of the marman clamp system was calculated by ...theoretical calculation. Then stiffness of marman clamp system was taken into account in the finite element method (FEM) model of spacecraft. Finally, modal analysis and frequency response analysis were carried out to validate the effects of marman clamp system on dynamic characteristics of spacecraft. The simulation results were compared with those results based on the FEM where the spacecraft was considered to be fixed to explore the effect of the marman clamp system on dynamic characteristics of spacecraft. The results showed that the fundamental frequency of satellite decreases when taking into account of marman clamp system, and the later fundamental frequencies at horizontal directions decrease more than the longitudinal direction. The acceleration responses of the satellite changed little when taking into accounting of the marman clamp system. The analysis method and results may extend to other spacecrafts with marman clamp system.
Ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) composites are widely used in high-temperature environments in aerospace applications. They experience extremely complex environmental conditions during service, ...including thermal, mechanical and chemical loading. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate the mechanical properties of UHTCs subject to an environment with elevated temperature, mechanical stress and oxygen. In this paper, an experimental investigation of the uniaxial tensile properties of a ZrB
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-SiC-graphite subject to an environment with a simultaneously elevated temperature, mechanical stress and oxygen is conducted based on a high-temperature mechanical testing system. To improve efficiency, an orthogonal experimental design is used. It is suggested that the temperature has the most important effect on the properties, and the oxidation time and stress have an almost equal effect. Finally, the fracture morphology is characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mechanism is investigated. It was concluded that the main fracture mode involved graphite flakes pulling out of the matrix and crystalline fracture, which indicates the presence of a weak interface in the composites.
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