We present an analysis of the proton mass radius by studying the t dependence of the differential cross sections of the vector meson photoproductions near the thresholds. At low energy, the ...photoproduction of a quarkonium off the proton is connected to the scalar gravitational form factor of the proton, which is sensitive to the proton mass distribution from the quantum chromodynamics trace anomaly. Under an assumption of the scalar form factor of dipole form, the proton mass radius is extracted via the near-threshold photoproduction data of J / ψ , ϕ , and ω vector mesons. The average value of the proton mass radius is estimated to be √ = 0.67 ± 0.03 fm, with the dipole cutoff m s = 1.01 ± 0.04 GeV.
The exclusive
J
/
Ψ
and
Υ
photoproduction in fixed - target collisions at the LHC and
ep
(
A
) collisions at the Electron ion collider in China (EicC) is investigated considering different models for ...the treatment of the vector meson production at low energies, close to the threshold. Results for the total cross sections and associated distributions are presented. We predict a large number of
J
/
Ψ
events at the LHC in the rapidity range covered by the LHCb detector. For the EicC, our predictions point out that a detailed analysis of the near threshold
J
/
Ψ
and
Υ
photoproduction is feasible. Moreover, our results indicate that the modeling of the near threshold vector meson production can be constrained by future experimental analyzes at the LHC and EicC.
The study of exclusive processes in photon-induced interactions allows us to probe the generalized parton distributions (GPDs), which provide information about the 3-dimensional description of the ...quark and gluon content of hadrons. In this paper we investigate the timelike Compton scattering (TCS) in ultraperipheral pPb collisions at the LHC. Such process is characterized by the exclusive dilepton production through the subprocess γp→γ⁎p→l+l−p, with the real photon in the initial state being emitted by the nucleus. Assuming a given model for the GPDs, the TCS differential cross section is estimated as well the contribution associated to the interference between the TCS and Bethe–Heitler (BH) amplitudes. Predictions for the TCS, BH and interference contributions are presented considering the kinematical range covered by the LHC detectors.
In this paper we investigate the possibility of searching for the hidden - bottom pentaquark states in photon – induced interactions at the LHC. We consider the presence of the Pb resonance in the s ...– channel of the γp→ϒp reaction and estimate its contribution for the exclusive ϒ photoproduction in the fixed - target mode of the LHC. Predictions for the total cross sections, rapidity and transverse momentum distributions are derived using the STARlight Monte Carlo considering Pb−p, Pb−He and Pb−Ar fixed - target collisions at the LHC. Our results indicate that the presence of the Pb resonance implies an enhancement in the rapidity distribution in the kinematical range covered by the LHCb detector. We demonstrate that the Pb contribution for the ϒ photoproduction becomes dominant if kinematical cuts are imposed on the rapidity and transverse momentum of the final state. These results indicate that an experimental analysis of the ϒ photoproduction in fixed – target collisions can provide complementary and independent checks of the existence of these states, and help to understand their underlying nature.
Because of the discovery of the hidden-charm pentaquark Pc states by the LHCb Collaboration, the interests in the candidates of hidden-bottom pentaquark Pb states are increasing. They are anticipated ...to exist as the analogs of the Pc states in the bottom sector and predicted by many models. We give an exploration of searching for a typical Pb in the γ p → Υ p reaction, which shows a promising potential to observe it at an electron-ion collider. The possibility of searching for Pb in open-bottom channels is also briefly discussed. Meanwhile, the t -channel nonresonant contribution, which in fact covers several interesting topics at low energies, is systematically investigated.
Exclusive production of charmonium-like
XYZ
states in hadron–hadron ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) and electron–proton scattering are studied employing the effective Lagrangian method. Total cross ...sections and rapidity distributions of charmonium-like
XYZ
states are obtained in hadron–hadron UPCs and the electron–proton scattering process. These predictions can be applied to estimate the observed event number of exclusive charmonium-like
XYZ
states in hadron–hadron UPCs and electron–proton scattering. The results indicate that it is significant to search
X
(3872) and
Z
c
+
(
3900
)
in pA UPCs, and the Electron–Ion Collider in China will be an advantageous platform to observe
XYZ
states in the future.
The exclusive dilepton photoproduction in
pp
and
pAu
collisions at RHIC is investigated considering the contribution of the Bethe–Heitler (BH) and the timelike Compton scattering (TCS) processes. The ...TCS amplitude is estimated at next-to-leading-order of the strong running coupling constant
α
s
and assuming the Goloskokov–Kroll model for the quark and gluon generalized parton distributions. The TCS differential cross section is estimated as well the contribution associated to the interference between the TCS and BH amplitudes. Predictions for the TCS, BH and interference contributions are presented considering the kinematical range covered by the RHIC detectors.
The near-threshold photoproduction of
J
/
ψ
is regarded as one golden process to unveil the nucleon mass structure, pentaquark state involving the charm quarks, and the poorly constrained gluon ...distribution of the nucleon at large
x
(
>
0.1
). In this paper, we present an analysis of the current experimental data under a two-gluon exchange model, which shows a good consistency. Using a parameterized function form with three free parameters, we have determined the nucleonic gluon distribution at the
J
/
ψ
mass scale. Moreover, we predict the differential cross-section of the electroproduction of
J
/
ψ
as a function of the invariant mass of the final hadrons
W
, at EicC, as a practical application of the model and the obtained gluon distribution. According to our estimation, hundreds of
J
/
ψ
events can be detected per year on EicC near the threshold. Therefore, the relevant experimental measurements are suggested to be carried out on EicC.
The General Parton Distributions (GPDs) are applied to study the hard Pseudoscalar Meson Production (PMP) at high energies. The PMP amplitudes are be obtained within the GPDs factorization. They are ...expressed in terms of GPDs’ convolution functions, which are most essential in PMP reactions. We show that these convolution functions can be extracted from the PMP data in future EIC of China (EicC). Predictions of
and
production at typical EicC energies are performed.
Gestational diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disease that can impact the normal course of pregnancy and delivery, leading to adverse outcomes for both mother and child. Its pathogenesis is ...complex and involves various factors, such as insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Metabolic reprogramming, which involves mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, is crucial for maintaining human metabolic balance and is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of gestational diabetes mellitus. However, research on the link and metabolic pathways between metabolic reprogramming and gestational diabetes mellitus is limited. Therefore, we reviewed the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and gestational diabetes mellitus to provide new therapeutic strategies for maternal health during pregnancy and reduce the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus.
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