Homologous recombination (HR) is a vital process for repairing DNA double-strand breaks. Germline variants in the HR pathway, comprising at least 10 genes, such as
,
,
,
,
,
,
(
),
,
, and
, lead to ...inherited susceptibility to specific types of cancers, including those of the breast, ovaries, prostate, and pancreas. The penetrance of germline pathogenic variants of each gene varies, whereas all their associated protein products are indispensable for maintaining a high-fidelity DNA repair system by HR. The present review summarizes the basic molecular mechanisms and components that collectively play a role in maintaining genomic integrity against DNA double-strand damage and their clinical implications on each type of hereditary tumor.
The molecular design based on o-carborane dyads is described for preparing multifunctional luminescent molecules such as dual emissions, aggregation and crystallization-induced emission enhancements, ...and luminescent color changes. The pyrene-substituted o-carborane dyads were synthesized via the insertion reaction between decaborane and 1-ethynylpyrene in the presence of Lewis base in a good yield. Finally, extremely bright luminescent compounds with solid-state emission properties (ΦPL > 0.99) were obtained.
The solubility of oxygen in 21 pure organic solvents was measured at 298.2 K and 101.33 kPa using the static method. The Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) of oxygen were determined from the ...measured solubilities in the pure solvents. The HSPs of oxygen were δd = 6.7 MPa1/2, δp = 0.0 MPa1/2, and δh = 3.8 MPa1/2, where d, p, and h stand for dispersion forces, dipole interaction, and hydrogen bonding, respectively. A linear relationship between the log of the gas solubility (log x G) in pure solvents and the difference between the HSP values of oxygen and the pure solvents was obtained with a high correlation coefficient of 0.944. In addition, the solubilities of oxygen in mixed solvents were measured, and these were compared with the oxygen gas solubility calculated from the HSPs of oxygen.
•Adsorption of organic substances in aqueous solution was carried out using hydrophobic silica adsorbent.•Adsorbed amount was estimated using HSP theory.•An adsorption amount estimation formula using ...the difference Ra of HSP values was constructed.•It was suggested that affinity is an important factor in adsorption.
Adsorption is an effective methodology for the removal of organic matter. Several studies have shown that adsorption performance is dependent on pore size, specific surface area, and the affinity between the adsorbent and adsorbed material. In this study, we concentrated on the effect of the affinity between the surface of the adsorbent and the adsorbed matter by examining the adsorption of organic solvents from organic/aqueous mixtures using three types of hydrophobic silica adsorbents. The Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) of the adsorbents were determined using the group contribution method. A linear relationship between the logarithm of the amount of adsorbed organic solvent and the difference between the HSP values of the organic solvents and adsorbents was obtained with a high correlation coefficient. These experimental results suggest that the affinity between the adsorbent and adsorbed matter can be well-described by the HSPs of the components.
Wnt5b is a member of the same family of proteins as Wnt5a, the overexpression of which is associated with cancer aggressiveness. Wnt5b is also suggested to be involved in cancer progression, however, ...details remain unclarified. We analyzed the biochemical properties of purified Wnt5b and the mode of secretion of Wnt5b by cancer cells. Wnt5b was glycosylated at three asparagine residues and lipidated at one serine residue, and these post‐translational modifications of Wnt5b were essential for secretion. Purified Wnt5b showed Dvl2 phosphorylation and Rac activation abilities to a similar extent as Wnt5a. In cultured‐cell conditioned medium, Wnt5b was detected in supernatant or precipitation fractions that were separated by centrifugation at 100 000 g. In PANC‐1 pancreatic cancer cells, 55% of secreted endogenous Wnt5b was associated with exosomes. Exosomes from wild‐type PANC‐1 cells, but not those from Wnt5b‐knockout PANC‐1 cells, activated Wnt5b signaling in CHO cells and stimulated migration and proliferation of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, suggesting that endogenous, Wnt5b‐associated exosomes are active. The exosomes were taken up by CHO cells and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that Wnt5b is indeed associated with exosomes. In Caco‐2 colon cancer cells, most Wnt5b was recovered in precipitation fractions when Wnt5b was ectopically expressed (Caco‐2/Wnt5b cells). Knockdown of TSG101, an exosome marker, decreased the secretion of Wnt5b‐associated exosomes from Caco‐2/Wnt5b cells and inhibited Wnt5b‐dependent cell proliferation. Exosomes secreted from Caco‐2/Wnt5b cells stimulated migration and proliferation of A549 cells. These results suggest that Wnt5b‐associated exosomes promote cancer cell migration and proliferation in a paracrine manner.
The secretory modes of Wnt5b varied among cancer cells and Wnt5b‐associated exosomes promote cancer cells migration and proliferation in a paracrine manner.
•Zeolite hollow fibers were prepared by a phase inversion-assisted extrusion method.•Cd2+ adsorption tests were conducted using the hollow fibers and zeolite powder.•The zeolite hollow fibers have ...longer breakthrough times than the powder counterpart.•Conventional hollow fibers have better adsorption performances than those with 3-channel design.
Geometry greatly affects performances in adsorption and catalytic reactions. Since the crystal structure of zeolite collapses at high temperature, it is difficult to synthesize hollow fibers from only zeolite by sintering. In this study, we synthesized zeolite hollow fibers using colloidal silica, which has excellent heat and chemical resistance, as an inorganic binder. The zeolite hollow fiber precursor was immersed in a colloidal silica aqueous solution and calcined at 600 °C. Additional silica coating significantly improves the mechanical robustness by increasing the fracture load by up to 200%, while the zeolite content, specific surface area/pore volume reduced slightly. These results show that colloidal silica functions as an effective inorganic binder without blocking the pores of the zeolite. The cadmium adsorption showed that for a 100-ppm Cd2+ solution, the breakthrough time at C/C0 = 0.05 was effectively extended by 20% (112 min) and 65% (153 min) for conventional hollow fiber and 3-channel designs, respectively, compared to the powder counterpart (93 min).
Abstract
Magnetic Weyl semimetals have novel transport phenomena related to pairs of Weyl nodes in the band structure. Although the existence of Weyl fermions is expected in various oxides, the ...evidence of Weyl fermions in oxide materials remains elusive. Here we show direct quantum transport evidence of Weyl fermions in an epitaxial 4
d
ferromagnetic oxide SrRuO
3
. We employ machine-learning-assisted molecular beam epitaxy to synthesize SrRuO
3
films whose quality is sufficiently high to probe their intrinsic transport properties. Experimental observation of the five transport signatures of Weyl fermions—the linear positive magnetoresistance, chiral-anomaly-induced negative magnetoresistance, π phase shift in a quantum oscillation, light cyclotron mass, and high quantum mobility of about 10,000 cm
2
V
−1
s
−1
—combined with first-principles electronic structure calculations establishes SrRuO
3
as a magnetic Weyl semimetal. We also clarify the disorder dependence of the transport of the Weyl fermions, which gives a clear guideline for accessing the topologically nontrivial transport phenomena.
Abstract
Magnetic insulators have wide-ranging applications, including microwave devices, permanent magnets and future spintronic devices. However, the record Curie temperature (
T
C
), which ...determines the temperature range in which any ferri/ferromagnetic system remains stable, has stood still for over eight decades. Here we report that a highly B-site ordered cubic double-perovskite insulator, Sr
3
OsO
6
, has the highest
T
C
(of
~
1060 K) among all insulators and oxides; also, this is the highest magnetic ordering temperature in any compound without 3
d
transition elements. The cubic B-site ordering is confirmed by atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The electronic structure calculations elucidate a ferromagnetic insulating state with
J
eff
= 3/2 driven by the large spin-orbit coupling of Os
6+
5
d
2
orbitals. Moreover, the Sr
3
OsO
6
films are epitaxially grown on SrTiO
3
substrates, suggesting that they are compatible with device fabrication processes and thus promising for spintronic applications.
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