We prove the global existence of analytic solutions to the Cauchy problem for the cubic Schrödinger equation in space dimension
n
⩾
3
for sufficiently small data with exponential decay at infinity. ...Minimal regularity assumption regarding scaling invariance is imposed on the Cauchy data.
Lung cancer is a serious complication in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and accounts for approximately 15% of deaths in patients with COPD. However, with the exception of ...emphysema, few reports to date have been published on the factors that predict lung cancer development in COPD patients. It has been reported that patients with COPD develop lung cancer at a rate of 0.8% - 1.7%/year, but the incidence may be higher in the Japanese population. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of lung cancer and the lung cancer mortality rate in Japanese COPD patients, as well as factors that are associated with the development of lung cancer in COPD patients.
We followed up 224 patients with stable COPD and performed CT examinations at least once per year. The incidence of lung cancer was recorded and data at enrollment were compared with data of the group that did not develop lung cancer.
Over a median follow-up period of 4.58 years, lung cancer was newly diagnosed in 19 patients; the incidence of lung cancer in this population was 1.85%/year. Patients who developed lung cancer had more severe emphysema assessed by CT and GOLD classification and were more likely to be current smokers than those who did not develop lung cancer. No other significant differences were observed between these two groups. Mortality was significantly increased in patients who developed lung cancer compared with those who did not.
In COPD patients, the incidence of lung cancer is higher and the development of lung cancer worsens the prognosis; however, lung cancer development is unpredictable and attention should be paid to all patients. Annual CT screening is important for early detection of lung cancer.
Objective
We experimentally compared the effects of compressive and tractional mechanical stress on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rabbits to assess the etiology of progressive condylar ...resorption.
Materials and Methods
We performed a cortical osteotomy using custom‐made devices that were lengthened by 0.25 mm every 12 h for 1 week after surgery. During this time, the rabbit TMJ was under compressive or tractional mechanical stress. The samples in each group were examined using micro‐computed tomography and histological staining.
Results
Scores for the area of bone resorption were higher in the compressive group than in the tractional group. Moreover, scores for the depth of bone resorption were higher in the compressive group than those in the tractional group. We observed a significantly higher prevalence of resorption in the subcondylar bone in the compressive group than in the tractional group. There were substantially more cells that were positive for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase in the compressive group than in the control and tractional groups.
Conclusions
The outcomes here suggest that excessive mechanical stress, particularly compressive mechanical stress, may significantly affect morphological bone change findings in the TMJ.
Summary
The present study was conducted to investigate replacing corn with whole‐grain paddy rice (WPR) and whole–grain brown rice (BR) in broiler chicken diets and its effect on growth performance ...and histological structures of the intestinal villi. Marshall Chunky male chicks (14 days old) were divided into five groups with four replicates of four chicks each. In the dietary treatments, corn in the basal diet was replaced with WPR and BR. The chickens received five experimental diets consisting of corn, WPR and BR in ratios of 100:0:0 (Control), 50:0:50 (50Corn + 50BR), 50:25:25 (50Corn + 25WPR + 25BR), 25:50:25 (25Corn + 50WPR + 25BR) and 0:50:50 (50WPR + 50BR) respectively. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 35 day. No significant differences were found in feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency among the treatment groups. The relative weights of the gizzard in the 50Corn + 25WPR + 25BR, 25Corn + 50WPR + 25BR and 50WPR + 50BR groups were significantly higher than that of the Control and 50Corn + 50BR groups (p < 0.05). The gizzard pH of the experimental groups was lower than those of Control (p < 0.05). The ileal crypt of birds on the Control diets was deeper (p < 0.05) than those observed in the experimental birds. Moreover, the ileal villus height: crypt depth ratio increased (p < 0.05) in the 50WPR + 50BR group (p < 0.05) compared with the Control group. No specific changes were observed in the epithelial cells on the duodenal apical surface among the groups except that the villus of the 25Corn + 50WPR + 25BR group had cell clusters. The jejunal and ileal villus apical surface of the experimental groups showed similar morphology to the Control group. These findings suggest that WPR and BR can totally replace corn in broiler diets without negatively affecting growth performance.
The quantitative impact of weight gain on prediabetic glucose dysregulation remains unknown; only one study quantitated the impact of weight loss. We quantified the impact of weight gain on the ...evolution and regression of prediabetes (PDM).
In 4234 subjects without diabetes, using logistic regression analysis with a 4.8-year follow-up period, we analyzed the relationship between (1) δBMI (BMI
) and the progression from normal glucose regulation (NGR) to PDM or diabetes, and (2) δBMI and the regression from PDM to NGR.
Mean (±s.d.) δBMI was 0.17 (±1.3) kg/m
in subjects with NGR and δBMI was positively and independently related to progression (adjusted odds ratio (OR
) (95% CI), 1.24 (1.15-1.34), P<0.01). Mean (±s.d.) δBMI was -0.03 (±1.25) kg/m
in those with PDM and δBMI was negatively related to the regression (OR
, 0.72 (0.65-0.80), P<0.01). The relation of δBMI to the progression was significant in men (OR
, 1.42 (1.28-1.59), P<0.01) but not in women (OR
, 1.05 (0.94-1.19), P=0.36). Also, the negative impact of δBMI on the regression was significant only in men (men, OR
, 0.65 (0.57-0.75), P<0.01; women, OR
, 0.94 (0.77-1.14), P=0.51).
In Japanese adults, an increase in the BMI by even 1 kg/m
was related to 24% increase in the risk of development of PDM or diabetes in NGR subjects and was related to 28% reduction in the regression from PDM to NGR. In women, we did not note any significant impact of weight gain on the evolution or regression of PDM.
Of 11 children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) carrying RAS mutations (8 with NRAS mutations, 3 with KRAS2 mutations), 5 had a profound elevation in either or both the white blood cells ...and spleen size at diagnosis. Three patients had no or modest hepatosplenomegaly and mild leukocytosis at presentation but subsequently showed a marked increase in spleen size with or without hematologic exacerbation, for which nonintensive chemotherapy was initiated. The other three patients with NRAS or KRAS2 glycine to serine substitution received no chemotherapy, but hematologic improvement has been observed during a 2- to 4-year follow up. In the third group, all hematopoietic cell lineages analyzed had the RAS mutations at the time of hematologic improvement, whereas DNA obtained from the nails had the wild type. Additionally, numbers of circulating granulocyte-macrophage progenitors were significantly reduced during the clinical course. Thus, some patients with JMML with specific RAS mutations may have spontaneously improving disease.
Probiotics have been shown to have a preventative effect on skin photoaging induced by short term UV irradiation, however, the underlying mechanisms and the effect of probiotics on skin photoaging ...induced by chronic UV irradiation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of Bifidobacterium breve B-3 on skin photoaging induced by chronic UV irradiation in hairless mice. Mice were irradiated with UVB three times weekly and orally administered B. breve B-3 (2×10(9) cfu/mouse /day) for 7 weeks. Nonirradiated mice and UVB-irradiated mice without probiotic treatment were used as controls. B. breve B-3 significantly suppressed the changes of transepidermal water loss, skin hydration, epidermal thickening and attenuated the damage to the tight junction structure and basement membrane induced by chronic UVB irradiation. Administration of B. breve B-3 tended to suppress the UV-induced interleukin-1β production in skin (P=0.09). These results suggest that B. breve B-3 could potentially be used to prevent photoaging induced by chronic UV irradiation.
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