In the co-frequency and co-time transceiver processing system, the transmitted signal will leak into the receiving channel to form the self-interference, resulting that the useful reception signal be ...distorted. In order to promote the self- interference cancellation capability in digital domain, the adaptive momentum gradient descent algorithm is proposed in this paper, which combines the exponentially decaying historical gradient and current gradient estimation together to update the weight coefficients of adaptive filter, which can reduce the impact of noise and accelerate the convergence velocity. Finally, the simulation demonstrates that convergence velocity of the proposed algorithm can be speeded up more than 4 times faster than the traditional stochastic gradient descent algorithm, and the self-interference cancellation capability can be up to 51 dB when ADC is 10 bits.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated a critical role for dysregulated glucose metabolism in its pathogenesis. In this review, we ...summarize metabolic alterations in aging brain and AD-related metabolic deficits associated with glucose metabolism dysregulation, glycolysis dysfunction, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficits, and pentose phosphate pathway impairment. Additionally, we discuss recent treatment strategies targeting metabolic defects in AD, including their limitations, in an effort to encourage the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
The effects of human recombinant gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) on the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expression were investigated in vitro in three human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines ...(WiDr, HT29, and SW403). Subconfluent cultures were exposed continuously to IFN at concentrations of 1-1,000 antiviral units/ml for up to 6 consecutive days. IFN resulted in a significant increase in CEA levels when assayed by cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with higher concentrations and longer exposure times resulting in greater CEA enhancement. A three to five-fold enhancement of CEA was observed after 5-6 days of continuous exposures at concentrations of 100-1,000 antiviral units/ml. CEA levels returned to baseline over a 4-day period after discontinuation of IFN. Levels of IFN that resulted in CEA enhancement also resulted in cell growth inhibition, with a direct correlation observed. Flow cytometric studies, which evaluated changes in CEA membrane expression of only the viable cells remaining after IFN exposure, gave similar results to cellular ELISA. Quantitative CEA ELISA, which quantitated changes in total cellular CEA content, demonstrated greater increase in CEA than predicted by cellular ELISA. Continuous IFN exposures for 5-6 days at 1,000 U/ml led to a 96-, 26-, and 5-fold increase in total CEA for the WiDr, HT29, and SW403 cell lines, respectively. WiDr cells exposed to daily 6-h IFN pulses demonstrated intermediate increases in CEA compared with cells exposed continuously to IFN.
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