The use of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) in biomedicine is reviewed. To open, its synthesis and regulatory strategies are summarized, and inspiring cutting‐edge work in post‐functionalization ...strategies is highlighted. A brief overview of assembly model of BODIPY is then provided: BODIPY is introduced as a promising building block for the formation of single‐ and multicomponent self‐assembled systems, including nanostructures suitable for aqueous environments, thereby showing the great development potential of supramolecular assembly in biomedicine applications. The frontier progress of BODIPY in biomedical application is thereafter described, supported by examples of the frontiers of biomedical applications of BODIPY‐containing smart materials: it mainly involves the application of materials based on BODIPY building blocks and their assemblies in fluorescence bioimaging, photoacoustic imaging, disease treatment including photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy. Lastly, not only the current status of the BODIPY family in the biomedical field but also the challenges worth considering are summarized. At the same time, insights into the future development prospects of biomedically applicable BODIPY are provided.
Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) is an outstanding fluorescent molecule, with high molar absorption coefficients and good chemical stability. Improvements in self‐assembly technology have fueled the applications of BODIPY in diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes the molecular structure design and self‐assembly strategy of BODIPY, and its applications as a multifunctional theranostic agent in biomedical fields.
In this work, two novel thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, 2tDMG and 3tDMG, are synthesized for high‐efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), The two emitters have a ...tilted face‐to‐face alignment of donor (D)/acceptor (A) units presenting intramolecular noncovalent interactions. The two TADF materials are deposited either by an evaporation‐process or by a solution‐process, both of them leading to high OLED performance. 2tDMG used as the emitter in evaporation‐processed OLEDs achieves a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 30.8% with a very flat efficiency roll‐off of 7% at 1000 cd m−2. The solution‐processed OLEDs also display an interesting EQE of 16.2%. 3tDMG shows improved solubility and solution processability as compared to 2tDMG, and thus a high EQE of 20.2% in solution‐processed OLEDs is recorded. The corresponding evaporation‐processed OLEDs also reach a reasonably high EQE of 26.3%. Encouragingly, this work provides a novel strategy to address the imperious demands for OLEDs with high EQE and low roll‐off.
A thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter, 2tDMG, is designed and synthesized based on the donor (D)/acceptor (A) spatially intramolecular noncovalent interaction. The D/A units are connected via a rigid linker, thereby confining them into a close‐packed coplanar configuration for small singlet–triplet splitting energy. 2tDMG achieves a high external quantum efficiency of 30.8% with a low efficiency roll‐off in evaporation‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Survey on 3D Hand Gesture Recognition Cheng, Hong; Yang, Lu; Liu, Zicheng
IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology,
2016-Sept., 2016-9-00, 20160901, Letnik:
26, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Three-dimensional hand gesture recognition has attracted increasing research interests in computer vision, pattern recognition, and human-computer interaction. The emerging depth sensors greatly ...inspired various hand gesture recognition approaches and applications, which were severely limited in the 2D domain with conventional cameras. This paper presents a survey of some recent works on hand gesture recognition using 3D depth sensors. We first review the commercial depth sensors and public data sets that are widely used in this field. Then, we review the state-of-the-art research for 3D hand gesture recognition in four aspects: 1) 3D hand modeling; 2) static hand gesture recognition; 3) hand trajectory gesture recognition; and 4) continuous hand gesture recognition. While the emphasis is on 3D hand gesture recognition approaches, the related applications and typical systems are also briefly summarized for practitioners.
Strains of
are commensal and opportunistic pathogens that have emerged as problematic hospital pathogens due to its biofilm formation ability and multiple antibiotic resistances. The ...biofilm-associated pathogens usually exhibit dramatically decreased susceptibility to antibiotics. This study was aimed to investigate the correlation of biofilm-forming ability, antibiotic resistance and biofilm-related genes of 154
isolates which were collected from a teaching hospital in Taiwan. Biofilm-forming ability of the isolates was evaluated by crystal violet staining and observed by scanning electron microscopy. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration; the biofilm-related genes were screened by polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that among the 154 tested isolates, 15.6% of the clinical isolates were weak biofilm producers, while 32.5% and 45.4% of them possessed moderate and strong biofilm formation ability, respectively. The experimental results revealed that the multiple drug resistant isolates usually provided a higher biofilm formation. The prevalence of biofilm related genes including
,
,
E and
A among the isolated strains was 79.2%, 38.3%, 91.6%, and 68.8%, respectively. The results indicated that the antibiotic resistance, the formation of biofilm and the related genes were significantly correlated. The results of this study can effectively help to understand the antibiotic resistant mechanism and provides the valuable information to the screening, identification, diagnosis, treatment and control of clinical antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
METTL3 is known to be involved in all stages in the life cycle of RNA. It affects the tumor formation by the regulation the m6A modification in the mRNAs of critical oncogenes or tumor suppressors. ...In bladder cancer, METTL3 could promote the bladder cancer progression via AFF4/NF-κB/MYC signaling network by an m6A dependent manner. Recently, METTL3 was also found to affect the m6A modification in non-coding RNAs including miRNAs, lincRNAs and circRNAs. However, whether this mechanism is related to the proliferation of tumors induced by METTL3 is not reported yet.
Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of METTL3 in bladder cancer. The survival analysis was adopted to explore the association between METTL3 expression and the prognosis of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer cells were stably transfected with lentivirus and cell proliferation and cell cycle, as well as tumorigenesis in nude mice were performed to assess the effect of METTL3 in bladder cancer. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), co-immunoprecipitations and RNA m6A dot blot assays were conducted to confirm that METTL3 interacted with the microprocessor protein DGCR8 and modulated the pri-miR221/222 process in an m6A-dependent manner. Luciferase reporter assay was employed to identify the direct binding sites of miR221/222 with PTEN. Colony formation assay and CCK8 assays were conducted to confirm the function of miR-221/222 in METTL3-induced cell growth in bladder cancer.
We confirmed the oncogenic role of METTL3 in bladder cancer by accelerating the maturation of pri-miR221/222, resulting in the reduction of PTEN, which ultimately leads to the proliferation of bladder cancer. Moreover, we found that METTL3 was significantly increased in bladder cancer and correlated with poor prognosis of bladder cancer patients.
Our findings suggested that METTL3 may have an oncogenic role in bladder cancer through interacting with the microprocessor protein DGCR8 and positively modulating the pri-miR221/222 process in an m6A-dependent manner. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study that METTL3 affected the tumor formation by the regulation the m6A modification in non-coding RNAs, which might provide fresh insights into bladder cancer therapy.
Reported here are C1‐linked spiro‐bifluorene dimers. A comprehensive study is carried out to analyze the electronic properties of these highly twisted structures. This work shows that the C1‐position ...enables the design of pure hydrocarbon materials, with a high triplet energy, for hosting blue phosphors in efficient phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs). To date, this work describes the highest performance of blue PhOLEDs ever reported for pure hydrocarbons (external quantum efficiency of ca. 23 %), thus highlighting the potential of the C1‐spirobifluorene scaffold in organic electronics.
Phosphorescence with a twist: The highly twisted C1‐linked spiro‐bifluorene dimers are reported. This work shows that the C1‐position enables the design of pure hydrocarbon materials, with a high triplet energy, for hosting blue phosphors in highly efficient phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs).
Two benzoylpyridine-carbazole based fluorescence materials DCBPy and DTCBPy, bearing two carbazolyl and 4-(t-butyl)carbazolyl groups, respectively, at the meta and ortho carbons of the benzoyl ring, ...were synthesized. These molecules show very small ΔE ST of 0.03 and 0.04 eV and transient PL characteristics indicating that they are thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials. In addition, they show extremely different photoluminescent quantum yields in solution and in the solid state: in cyclohexane the value are 14 and 36%, but in the thin films, the value increase to 88.0 and 91.4%, respectively. The OLEDs using DCBPy and DTCBPy as dopants emit blue and green light with EQEs of 24.0 and 27.2%, respectively, and with low efficiency roll-off at practical brightness level. The crystal structure of DTCBPy reveals a substantial interaction between the ortho donor (carbazolyl) and acceptor (4-pyridylcarbonyl) unit. This interaction between donor and acceptor substituents likely play a key role to achieve very small ΔE ST with high photoluminescence quantum yield.
This work describes a strategy to produce circularly polarized thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP-TADF). A set of two structurally similar organic emitters SFST and SFOT are constructed, ...whose spiro architectures containing asymmetric donors result in chirality. Upon grafting within the spiro frameworks, the donor and acceptor are fixed proximally in a face-to-face manner. This orientation allows intramolecular through-space charge transfer (TSCT) to occur in both emitters, leading to TADF properties. The donor units in SFST and SFOT have a sulfur and oxygen atom, respectively; such a subtle difference has great impacts on their photophysical, chiroptical, and electroluminescence (EL) properties. SFOT exhibits greatly enhanced EL performance in doped organic light-emitting diodes, with external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 23.1%, owing to the concurrent manipulation of highly photoluminescent quantum efficiency (PLQY, ∼90%) and high exciton utilization. As a comparison, the relatively larger sulfur atom in SFST introduces heavy atom effects and leads to distortion of the molecular backbone that lengthens the donor–acceptor distance. SFST thus has lower PLQY and faster nonradiative decay rate. The collective consequence is that the EQE value of SFST, i.e., 12.5%, is much lower than that of SFOT. The chirality of these two spiro emitters results in circularly polarized luminescence. Because SFST has a more distorted molecular architecture than SFOT, the luminescence dissymmetry factor (|g lum|) of circularly polarized luminescence of one enantiomer of the former, namely, either (S)-SFST or (R)-SFST, is almost twice that of (S)-SFOT/(R)-SFOT. Moreover, the CP organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs) show obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) signals with g EL of 1.30 × 10–3 and 1.0 × 10–3 for (S)-SFST and (S)-SFOT, respectively.
Berries are a good source of natural antioxidants. In the present study, the total antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of three berry fruits （blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry） ...cultivated in Nanjing were investigated. Blueberry, with a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity （TEAC） value of 14.98 mmol Trolox/100 g dry weight （DW） exhibited the strongest total antioxidant capacity using both the 2,2-azinobis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） diammonium salt （ABTS） and the 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） methods. Blueberry also had the highest total phenolic content （TPC, 9.44 mg gallic acid/g DW）, total flavonoid content （TFC, 36.06 mg rutin/g DW）, and total anthocyanidin content （TAC, 24.38 mg catechin/g DW）. A preliminary analysis using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） showed that the blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry samples tested contained a range of phenolic acids （including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, eUagic acid, and cinnamic acid） and various types of flavonoids （flavone： luteolin; flavonols： rutin, myricetin, quercetrin, and quercetin; flavanols： gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin, and catechin gallate; anthocyanidins： malvidin-3-galactoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, and cyanidin）. In particular, the blueberries had high levels of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins, which might be responsible for their strong antioxidant activities. These results indicate a potential market role for berries （especially blueberries） as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical.
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•A novel folded stainless steel mesh electrode module for BES was developed.•Azo dye and COD removal were improved by reducing electrode spacing in BES.•Pollutants removal enhanced ...was significantly correlated to hydrodynamics improvement.•Internal resistance change has less impact on wastewater treatment performance.
The electrodes spacing would exert a pronounced effect on bio-electrochemical systems (BESs) performance, especially for the scaling-up of reactors and practical applications. In this study, we traced the effect of electrode spacing on wastewater treatment performances from the aspects of hydrodynamics and electrochemical characteristics. Three series of folded stainless steel mesh (f-SSM) electrodes with electrode spacing of 2, 4 and 8mm were designed for azo dye (acid orange 7 (AO7)) wastewater treatment. Results showed that BES with electrode spacing of 2mm (RS2) obtained the highest efficiencies of AO7 decolorization (90.9±0.4%) and COD removal (36.8±3.8%) at HRT of 8h, which was 30.7% and 15.2% higher than that in BES with electrode spacing of 8mm (RS8), respectively. Moreover, the relationship between pollutants removal, internal resistance and hydrodynamics of BESs with different electrode spacing supported the hydrodynamics was significantly influence the pollutants removal performance.
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