Gold nanoparticles are popularly used in biological and chemical sensors and their applications owing to their fascinating chemical, optical, and catalytic properties. Particularly, the use of gold ...nanoparticles is widespread in colorimetric assays because of their simple, cost-effective fabrication, and ease of use. More importantly, the gold nanoparticle sensor response is a visual change in color, which allows easy interpretation of results. Therefore, many studies of gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric methods have been reported, and some review articles published over the past years. Most reviews focus exclusively on a single gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric technique for one analyte of interest. In this review, we focus on the current developments in different colorimetric assay designs for the sensing of various chemical and biological samples. We summarize and classify the sensing strategies and mechanism analyses of gold nanoparticle-based detection. Additionally, typical examples of recently developed gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric methods and their applications in the detection of various analytes are presented and discussed comprehensively.
Abstract
Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been explored as effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the sluggish water activation kinetics and ...structural instability under ultrahigh-current density hinder their large-scale industrial applications. Herein, we develop a universal ligand regulation strategy to build well-aligned Ni-benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC)-based MOF nanosheet arrays with S introducing (S-NiBDC). Benefiting from the closer
p
-band center to the Fermi level with strong electron transferability, S-NiBDC array exhibits a low overpotential of 310 mV to attain 1.0 A cm
−2
with high stability in alkaline electrolyte. We speculate the newly-constructed triangular “Ni
2
-S
1
” motif as the improved HER active region based on detailed mechanism analysis and structural characterization, and the enhanced covalency of Ni-O bonds by S introducing stabilizes S-NiBDC structure. Experimental observations and theoretical calculations elucidate that such Ni sites in “Ni
2
-S
1
” center distinctly accelerate the water activation kinetics, while the S site readily captures the H atom as the optimal HER active site, boosting the whole HER activity.
One of the challenges in polymer science has been to prepare large-polymer single crystals. We demonstrate a visible light-triggered quantitative topochemical polymerization reaction based on a ...conjugated dye molecule. Macroscopic-size, high-quality polymer single crystals are obtained. Polymerization is not limited to single crystals, but can also be achieved in highly concentrated solution or semicrystalline thin films. In addition, we show that the polymer decomposes to monomer upon thermolysis, which indicates that the polymerization-depolymerization process is reversible. The physical properties of the polymer crystals enable us to isolate single-polymer strands via mechanical exfoliation, which makes it possible to study individual, long polymer chains.
•A creative IoT agriculture platform for cloud and fog Computing is designed.•A decentralised Internet of Things data analysis model is proposed.•Experimental results verified that the cost of ...network transmission can be significantly reduced.
The innovative service process is a process that uses newly developed technologies to improve the current service models. The study proposes a creative service process based on the cloud computing platform of the Internet of Things and it can be used to improve the integration of the current cloud-to-physical networking and to improve the computing speed of the Internet of Things. In the past, most of the computing technologies focused on high-speed computing in cloud computing or remote operations of a single object. If a service requires cloud or fog resources that can make device use of high-speed computing in the cloud and a single point of operation integration on the object side, it will be able to quickly increase in the process of collaboration, the required data will be moved back and forth between Cloud and Fog, speeding up the cloud computing integration schedule. This research uses innovative platform technology to be applied to the cloud agriculture platform. Through cloud integration, it can be applied to large-area data collection and analysis, allowing farmland with limited network information resources to be integrated and automated, including agricultural monitoring automation, pest management image analysis and monitoring, which can be used to solve the predicament of large-area automation construction.
No population-based study has investigated the cumulative incidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients with newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or the survival impact ...of PAH in this population.
We used a nationwide database in Taiwan and enrolled incident SLE patients between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2013. The cumulative incidence of PAH in the SLE patients and the survival of these patients were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Potential predictors of the development of PAH were determined using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.
Of 15,783 SLE patients, 336 (2.13%) developed PAH. The average interval from SLE diagnosis to PAH diagnosis was 3.66 years (standard deviation SD 3.36, range 0.1 to 13.0 years). Seventy percent of the patients developed PAH within 5 years after SLE onset. The 3- and 5-year cumulative incidence of PAH were 1.2% and 1.8%, respectively. Systemic hypertension was an independent predictor of PAH occurrence among the SLE patients (adjusted hazard ratio 2.27, 95% confidence interval 1.59-2.97). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of SLE patients following the diagnosis of PAH were 87.7%, 76.8%, and 70.1%, respectively.
PAH is a rare complication of SLE and the majority of PAH cases occur within the first 5 years following SLE diagnosis. Systemic hypertension may be a risk factor for PAH development in the SLE population. The overall 5-year survival rate after PAH diagnosis was 70.1%.
In this study, a dual-frame six-axis force and torque (F/T) sensor is proposed. The dual-frame F/T sensor consists of inner and outer elastic parts for simultaneously measuring <inline-formula> ...<tex-math notation="LaTeX">{F}_{x} </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{F}_{y} </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{T}_{z} </tex-math></inline-formula> as well as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{T}_{x} </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{T}_{y} </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{F}_{z} </tex-math></inline-formula>. Load-strain equations were derived according to beam theory and structure theory. These equations and optimization methods were used to establish the parameter design process of the F/T sensor. A calibration machine is proposed to generate a large number of multiaxis training and testing F/T sets for sensor calibration. The calibration results from the least square method and neural network (NN) model revealed the coupling and nonlinearity of the multiaxis F/T sensor. The dual-frame structure reduced the coupling effect between the inner-frame and outer-frame measuring F/Ts. Therefore, the calibration process could be simplified using two tri-axis F/T sets with NN models. The calibration process was verified using six-axis testing F/T sets, and a mean calibration error of 0.25% was observed.
Probiotics are known to regulate host immunity by interacting with systemic and mucosal immune cells as well as intestinal epithelial cells. Supplementation with certain probiotics has been reported ...to be effective against various disorders, including immune-related diseases. However, little is known about the effectiveness of Lactobacillus paracasei GMNL-32 (GMNL-32), Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-89 (GMNL-89) and L. reuteri GMNL-263 (GMNL-263) in the management of autoimmune diseases, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). NZB/W F1 mice, which are a lupus-prone animal model, were orally gavaged with GMNL-32, GMNL-89 or GMNL-263 to investigate the effects of these Lactobacillus strains on liver injuries in NZB/W F1 mice. The results thus obtained reveal that supplementary GMNL-32, GMNL-89 or GMNL-263 in NZB/W F1 mice ameliorates hepatic apoptosis and inflammatory indicators, such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and C-reactive protein and inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions. In addition, supplementation with GMNL-32, GMNL-89 or GMNL-263 in NZB/W F1 mice reduced the expressions of hepatic IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α proteins by suppressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB signalling pathways. These findings, presented here for the first time, reveal that GMNL-32, GMNL-89 and GMNL-263 mitigate hepatic inflammation and apoptosis in lupus-prone mice and may support an alternative remedy for liver disorders in cases of SLE.
In this work, hybridization chain reactions (HCRs) toward
(
) nucleocapsid phosphoproteins gene loci and human RNase P are proposed to provide an isothermal amplification screening tool. The proposed ...chain reactions target the complementary DNA (cDNA) of
, with loci corresponding to gold-standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) loci. Four hybridization chain reaction reactions are demonstrated herein, targeting
loci and human
. The design of the hybridization chain reaction, herein, is assisted with an algorithm. The algorithm helps to search target sequences with low local secondary structure and high hybridization efficiency. The loop domain of the fuel hairpin molecule H1 and H2, which are the tunable segments in such reactions, are used as an optimization parameter to improve the hybridization efficiency of the chain reaction. The algorithm-derived HCR reactions were validated with gel electrophoresis. All proposed reactions exhibit a hybridization complex with a molecular mass >1.5k base pairs, which is clear evidence of chain reaction. The hybridization efficiency trend revealed by gel electrophoresis corresponds nicely to the simulated data from the algorithm. The HCR reactions and the corresponding algorithm serve as a basis to further
sensing applications and facilitate better screening strategies for the prevention of on-going pandemics.
In recent years, review-based recommendations have recently attracted extensive attention from researchers. However, applying reviews to improve recommendation performance still faces some problems ...that remain unsolved: (1) Most existing works cannot capture the time-varying user preferences and high-order collaborative features. (2) Most of the existing works often use supervised learning to train models with a limited interaction between users and items, which is not sufficient to learn the more accurate recommendation models. To overcome these problems, we propose a new Graph Attention Network with Contrastive Learning for temporary review-based recommendation, named GANCL. Specifically, to capture dynamic user preferences and high-order collaborative features, we design a user–item bipartite graph with time-series review information and ratings as its edges, and then use the graph attention and different gating mechanisms to extract the corresponding features. To make full use of the limited interaction between the users and items, we use the contrastive learning paradigm for the nodes and edges in the bipartite graph to more effectively model the user–item interaction. A large number of experiments on five public data from Amazon prove that the performance of the GANCL is improved by 2.76% and 2.83% respectively compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms in MSE and MAE.
•A novel graph neural network can integrate time-series review and ratings.•The graph attention network and gating mechanism of users and items can construct more accurate feature representation.•A new self-supervised contrastive learning strategy can strengthen node information.
Vehicles often communicate among different networks in Internet of Vehicles (IoVs). However, existing unstable network statuses and different user preferences result in vehicle frequent vertical ...handoffs (VHOs). In this paper, we propose a novel VHO method based on a self-selection decision tree for IoVs. We first establish the respective handoff probability distribution of vehicles according to network attributes and movement trend. Then, based on handoff probability distributions and defined user preferences, we propose a novel handoff method by the self-selection decision tree for IoVs. Finally, we also present a feedback decision method according to the feedback of vehicle handoff, to improve next handoff quality when vehicle movement trend and vehicle service status change. Simulation results show that the proposed method not only supports the VHO among Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, and third-generation cellular but also reduces switching times and ensures the network update rate and the vehicles' service quality.
PDF
